 The development of new electrode materials such as transition metal oxides, TMOs, based on conversion or intercalation slash deintercalation reactions, specifically hierarchically nanostructured TMOs, is crucial for improving the performance of lithium ion batteries, LIBs. These materials provide numerous accessible electroactive sites, shortened diffusion distances, and accommodate volume expansion during cycling. The research progress on synthesis methods, morphological characteristics, and electrochemical performances of hierarchically nanostructured TMOs for LIBs is summarized and discussed, with prospects proposed for future research. This article was authored by Mingbo Zheng, Hao Tang, Lu Lu Li, and others.