 Hello. Hello. I welcome you all month again to my channel Explore Education. I'm Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls 2D College, University of Allahabad. And this time, in the continuation of my last lecture, that is education for the disabled or disadvantaged sections. In this time, I'm going to discuss with you all the constitutional provisions for education. Okay. So, let's start. We are going to talk about the constitutional provisions for education. So, we will directly tell you the articles of the constitution. That's all you have to remember. The rest is about its nature. You have already known that there are many opportunities. And everyone has to be educated. No one has to be left out, whether it is with any organization, any problem, any shortcoming with it. So, that's why all these laws, these provisions, these directive principles of state policy and fundamental rights have been said in the constitution. So, let's start with Article 14. What do you have to remember? It is asked by you. In competitive examinations, the statement of the article will be asked in which article it has been said. So, you should remember the article correctly. What has been said in which article. Either you are writing questions, you are talking about equality of educational opportunity, you are talking about minority education, you are talking about the education of disabled students. So, you will remember the article. You can quote it in the constitution as well. That's why you have to remember the article correctly. So, let's start with Article 14. What does it say? Equality before law. That is, everything is in the eyes of the law. Do you understand? It states and the language is exactly what we have to remember. Because it is written in inverted commas. The state shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. That is, within the territory of India. The state shall not deny to any person that we are not able to control your equal protections in front of the law. It is the first time that you are trying to convince yourself. The right to equality is intended to ensure that the powers of the state are not used in any discriminatory way. That is, the state cannot use its powers in any way. It has to be used for everyone. In relation to education. If we are talking about equality before law, we will keep the education. If we look at it in the eyes of the education, in relation to it, it regulates the rules of admission and thus it acts for ensuring the reach of education to us. That is, it has been kept to reach education till the very end. That is, everyone is equal. You will give admission to everyone. No one will deny it. What is said in Article 15? This article guarantees the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of... on the basis of religion, caste, religion, where it was born, on the basis of which the state will not discriminate against anyone. It also ensures equality in educational opportunities. Equality of educational opportunities in India. That is, when you are talking about equality of educational opportunities, you will quote Article 15. That is why I told you that there are a lot of articles. So, read all the articles together. If you write the description of the article, then tell us the article. Or do you remember the article so well? You will be asked in the examination, what is article 14? You should write equality before law. What is article 15? Equality of educational opportunities. You should remember this. What is article 15-4? Enabling the government to make special provisions for the advancement of backward classes, including SCs and STs. That is, Article 15 is the fourth number. We will make special provisions for education. Then what is article 16-1? Guarantee is equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state. That is, when someone is given a job, everyone will be able to see the things in article 16-1. That is, Article 16-1 is for employment. Article 16-4, the government can make reservations in favour of any backward class of the citizens. If you want to do that, then you should give more to the backward class. That is why the reservation is mentioned in article 16-4. Then article 21-A. It has been discussed so many times. Now you should know what article 21 is. It has been inserted. It has been inserted in 2006 and 2002. That is, the RTE has come to write to free and compulsory education to all children of the age 6 to 14 in a manner as the state may by law determine. This article has accorded education to the status of right. Before this, there was no right to education. It was kept in the directive principles in the state policy. It was kept under the leadership of the state. But after this, the law became legal. That is why it came in the fundamental right. That is why it was inserted. Because it was not there before. So, the constitution can only insert something from you. Because you can't share what is in it. So, this article was inserted. Then at level 11, educational expansion. In this case, the recommendation of the constitution was included. That the education of the constitution is kept under part 4 under article 45. That is, the education of the constitution was kept in the directive principles of the state policy under the fourth and 45th level. That is, the instruction was given for article 21-1. Article 24 states that no child below the age of 14 years shall be employed in any factory or mine or engaged in any hazardous imprimant. He is saying that because you have to teach everyone, so if a child is involved in a balashram, then how can they be educated? He is also saying that no child is less than 14 years old, you will not be involved in any job, in any hazardous damage, in any coal factory, in any mine factory. Article 28 states that religious education is not allowed in the country. Institutions run by this state will not preach any religion or give religious education, nor will they favour persons of any religion. That is to say, you will not be taught about religion, you will not preach about religion. This has been done to sustain and nurture the principle of secularism. Why? Because we have accepted secularism, we have said that we will be secular, that means we will not talk about any particular religion. That is why it is said in Article 28 that no school will give religious instruction, which is covered by state funding. If you are using your own funding, then you can give it. For example, this happens in Madrasam, Akhtab and other Christian missionaries. If you are using state funding, then you cannot give religious education. Then Article 6 also goes a long way. What he is saying is that the constitution clearly states that the state shall promote its special care, special case, educational and economic interest of the weaker sections of the people. The weak, the weak section of the people, you should focus only on the article and the secular and secular part of that, you shall prepare special provisions and this particular SCSTs have been discussed, so that there is no social injustice. You should also pay attention that when the Constitution was established, then there was a lot of social discrimination, there was an injustice, therefore it was necessary to do all this. Cultural and educational rights of the minorities. Now it's about minorities. It's about the weaker section. It's about the article on this. It's written that the constitution of India provides explicit guarantees for protecting the interests of minorities. Minorities in the minority will work in the care of the minorities. Any section of the students residing in the territory of India or any part of India are having a distinct language. It's written that you have to use a specific language that has a specific language. You have to use the specific language. If you have a specific culture, you have to conserve it. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the state or receiving it out of state funds on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or anywhere. Any kind of education, any kind of institution that is going on with state funding will not interfere with anyone. And especially for minorities, it's about the article on this. It's written that the article on this is written that the details is right along with protection against discrimination in the receiving of government grants for education as follows. All minorities, whether based on religion or language, whether it's based on religion or language, they have the right to establish their educational institutions and administer them. The article on this is written in 30. The article on this is written in 30-50. It's written that it's for addressing minorities. It's written that the guarantees the right of all people to use a language can understand in representations for redress of grievances. If you want to talk about your problem, you can talk in your language. The seventh amendment of the constitution which came in 1956, added two articles related to the language. It means linguistic minority issues. If your language is different, then for you it was 350A and 350B. 350A was for language. Then it was 350A and 350B to protect the language of minorities. 350A is saying that facilities for instruction in mother tongue are the primary studies. The primary stage education is to teach in mother tongue. 350A is saying that president makes you such directions to any state as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities. That is, they have to protect their language. And they have to teach in that as well. And article 350B is saying special officer for linguistic minorities. There is a section for that. Special officer will be made for that. You take care of this. The interest that will be saved will be saved. Then you have the director, for example, article 14, article 45. Before 6th century, what was before San Shodan? Article 41, what is this? Directly state to make effective provision for securing the right to work and right to education for all within the limits of education. What is article 45? Being a very significant article in the director's principles is an article laid down the foundation of free and compulsory education in the country. From this director's principle your work was not made for education. So in 6th century, before San Shodan, this article had stated that state shall endeavor to provide this constitution for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of 14 years. So when 6th century San Shodan did not come, it was stated that the state shall endeavor to provide free and compulsory education for all children within 10 years. Consequent upon the insertion of article 21, when article 21a came making elementary education a fundamental right of all children between the age of 6 to 14 years. So what is article 45? Has been amended so as to restrict the scope to free and compulsory education up to 6 years. So when article 21a is talking about 14 years, the director's principle of 45 is up to 6 years. So the free and compulsory education should be restricted and the education should be provided. Then education as a fundamental right should be remembered. This is the fundamental right that for long education was not a fundamental right in Indian constitution. In 2002 in C.R.C. San Shodan 3 changes were made in Indian constitution. So what is article 21a which is called the right to education is inserted. The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children who are 6 to 14 years in such manner as the state may by law determined. This is the statement that the state will provide free and compulsory education to children who are 6 to 14 years in such manner as the state may by law determined. Substitution of new article for article 45 for making provision of for early childhood care and education e.c.c.e. e.c.c.e. The state shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years. The state will endeavour to provide e.c.c.e. e.c.c.e. e.c.c.e. This is the statement that article 51a was made in article 51a of the constitution after clause j the following clause was added. What was added? Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be born between the age of 6 and 14 years. For parent or guardian he must be given the opportunity to educate his child and the state will do it. So this is the statement that article 51a was added after clause j.c.c.e. The insertion of article 21a changed the language of article 45 and it became 3 centuries old. In order to ensure the implementation of these changes in the year 2009 the right of children to free and compulsory education act was enacted by the parliament which was implemented from April 1, 2010. So in this way these are all constitutional provisions for education. So in this way these are all constitutional provisions for education.