 The conventional signs are one of the most important component of the map making so these are also called the Symbols so these symbols are actually used for the representation of the relief features but for also the human features Conventional science on the map the conventional science has made it possible to To compress maximum of information in the minimum of space without losing their importance Now here we have the symbols which are related to the weather So in one of the most important element of the weather wind we have already discussed that There are four major Elements of weather one of the most important element of weather is the wind So here you are seeing the velocity of the wind every sign symbol and letter Which has been adopted for representation of topographical forms? conveys Define it meaning so map becomes a kind of code Which cannot be fully interpreted without a complete knowledge of the conventional science The weather denotes the condition of weather elements at a particular place And time generally six weather elements are recognized Number one temperature number two pressure number three winds Number four humidity clouds and precipitation with the help of the symbol all these Weather elements are shown on the weather map so like this symbol is used for the air which is in calm condition but this symbol We can use on the weather map When the wind speed is 15 knot so again these symbols are also for the weather elements or weather situation of a city or a country like When you see this type of symbol on the weather map it means it shows The rain of that particular place of a particular time again. This symbol is used for snow this is for hail and This shows that there is no cloud or cloud clear day and This show that half of the Area is covered with cloud and This shows that the cloud covered day Now in front of us Lahore's map in which all the features we are seeing are man-made features That is the area which is under human patronage So here this symbol the symbol which is actually in a yellow color It shows the location of the airport Now the line which is actually in a green color it shows the motorway which actually passes through the Ravi River to Moving toward Islam. So these are the cultural features. So on the map the cultural Symbols are very important. It gives the picture of the man-made features Now the most important thing in map-making is methods Now the cartographer by his unique skill and techniques may give a lively touch to his drawing Which otherwise becomes less attractive. There are various ways by which the earth is mapped number one Computer maps are being precisely constructed Satellite are also being used for mapping large areas of the earth quite accurately The method of mapping Depends on the size of the area on the degree of accuracy aimed at and on the amount of detail required On the topographical survey maps every point on the map Beers a true relationship with the corresponding points on the ground So this map shows the temperature of the seawater So it is actually made by the process of satellite technology Or you can say here the satellite transmission of data The temperature which is closer to the equator Actually is More than 27.7 or 8 degrees Celsius so here The temperature is Maximum by because the Sun actually has direct radiation over the surface or Direct transmission of heat from the Sun or you can say the vertical rays which has coming from the Sun So when one move from equator to the north or to the south of the Equator the temperature decreases So why because of the tilt rays of the Sun? So the areas which are closer to the poles Have less temperature of seawater So again this map is prepared with the help of GIS geographical information system So this is called the map Which is actually showing the areas of the earthquake zones The black spot shows the major earthquake locations The most of the earthquake actually around the Pacific Ocean This area because of the fault lines The second dangerous area is At the center of the earth Which is called the trans-eurasian Belt And the third most important area is the mid-Atlantic ridges and the mid-oceanic ridges So this map is prepared by the technique which is actually recent in map making Next the most important component of the method in map making are the tools So these are the survey tools With the help of these survey tools we can draw the map of the area By actual survey the earth as a whole or part of it is mapped with the help of the instrument like Chain and tape survey Plain table survey Prismatic survey So these are the major tools of cadastral surveys So in tape and chain survey There are links of about one foot extension And all the links are actually divided into tallys So after 10 feet there is a tall tally which shows the distance or The measurement of the chain The second most important survey in cadastral mapping is plain table survey So here tools are used for the Meyering of the streets and roads The third is the prismatic compass survey here compass is used for the bearing of the areas In this recent word the modern tools are used in surveying Like this is pseudo light Which is used for again the the mapping of the road the mapping of the city streets the mapping of the future planning at community level And this actually is a total station which is actually the most recent field survey tool And this is automatic level So with the help of these three survey tools we can Accurately survey the area so with the help of accurate data we can draw the true maps Now when you are planning the city or planning any area which is under observation So the the survey tools are very important. So with the change of the Technology the survey tools are also changed