 When we hear the word flower, what we think of is these brightly colored petals, right? But the flower as we know is the reproductive organ of a plant and the petals aren't quite the reproductive parts of the flower. The reproductive parts as we know are the Andresium and the Guinessium. In this video, we are going to take a look at the Andresium and the Guinessium and see how they are arranged differently in different types of flowers. So the Andresium it consists of stamens and the stamens sometimes are attached to petals. This is a simplified diagram of a flower where this is a sepal, this is a petal and this here is a stamen. So as you can see the yellow stamen here is attached to this petal. So whenever stamens are attached to petals they are said to be epipetalous stamens. Then in other flowers the stamens are attached to the perianth. Now what is this perianth? So in some flowers like the tulips over here what you see the pink colored ones over here they are actually not petals. Why don't we call them petals? Because there is no separate petal and sepal in these flowers. See if you look carefully there are no green sepals at the base of the flower like you would expect them to be. So there are no sepals, there are no petals, there is just one thing instead of the two of them and those are called tepals. So the tepals together constitute the perianth just as the petals together in other flowers constitute the corolla similarly tepals together form the perianth. So in some flowers the stamens are attached to the perianth or the tepals and these stamens are called epiphylus. Of course not in all flowers stamens are attached to something or the other. In some flowers the stamens are completely free. This right here is neither epipetalous nor epiphylus. So this classification was about whether stamens are attached to petals or tepals or not. Another variety that is found in stamens in different flowers is how they are bunched together or whether they are bunched together or not. So now we will see how stamens are bundled together. In many flowers the stamens are all bundled together to form one bunch. For example in our very well-known flower hibiscus you see all the stamens are bundled together here. You'll ask me that you know all these yellow things they are free they're separate so why am I calling them bundled? Well it's only the anthers that are free. If you remember the stamens are made of filaments and anthers. The anthers are the parts at the top which have the pollen grains in them the yellow parts those are free yes. But they belong to filaments which are there at the base and the filaments you can't see separate filaments for any of the anthers so all the filaments are all bundled together in one tube. Hence we call them monadelfas. Monadelfas mono means one and delfas stands for the bundling so these are called monadelfas stamens and if there are two bunches then they will be called diadelfas. So you see here in this flower right in the middle this is not the andresium this is the gynesium but on either side of it you can see the stamens here there is one bundle and here there is another bundle actually consists of only one stamens but it's separate it's not together with the other bundles so we say that it has two bundles and the term given to it is diadelfas and when there are even more bundles like in this flower you see there is one bundle here one here one here one here we call them polyadelfas stamens and not in all flowers are stamens bundled together for example in this flower all of the stamens you see all of these stamens are free from each other and the term for that is polyandrus poly means many andres stands for stamens so polyandrus means all the stamens are free from each other they are not bundled together so this was all about stamens now let's take a look at the gynesium the gynesium is the female part of the flower and it's also called pistil and the pistil as you know is made up of carpets now the gynesium of a flower can have one carpal or many carpals when it has many carpals in some flowers the carpals are not joint they are free from each other like you can see in this flower so these right here the outer tube like structures the ones that are more colorful the pink and yellow ones those are the stamens we're not looking at them we are looking at the ones at the center the pink ones or the purple ones so these are each of these tubes at the center each of them is a separate carpal and we call such a gynesium apocarpus apo means separate they are away from each other or separate from each other that is why they are called apocarpus the opposite of that is of course when the carpals are all joined together for example in this flower these right here are the stamens and this is the gynesium and you see how they're all joined together you can make out the separate carpals here each of them you can see these ridges they're actually the separate carpals but they are all fused together to form one gynesium and this type of gynesium is called sine carpus sine means together so sine carpus to summarize we have looked at how the Andresium can be attached to petals or temples and are called epipetalus or epiphylus how they can be bunched together into one bundle called monodelfus or two bundles diadelfus or many bundles when they're called polyadelfus or they're not bundled at all they're completely separate and are called polyandrus and in gynesium they can all be separate and are called apocarpus or the carpals can be fused together and are called sine carpus