 Okay, ladies and gentlemen, my name is Adrian Monk. I'm managing director of communications and social engagement here at the World Economic Forum. It's my great pleasure to introduce the second of our co-chairs press conferences this afternoon with four fantastic co-chairs. We have Philippe Leroux of the International Finance Corporation, Minister Ursula van der Leyen, Defense Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany, Minister Bouga-Brende of Norway, and Khalid Biari. We're going to hear from each of them about their hopes and aspirations for this meeting. They've already participated in sessions this morning and they have a tight schedule of sessions to go to, so we're going to have to draw things to a close at 55 minutes past the hour. And my apologies to all of you for our late running this morning, this afternoon. I'm going to start with Philippe and just ask him about his hopes for this meeting and also about the startups that the International Finance Corporation has brought to this Jordan event. Philippe. Thank you very much. And as I said before, we are extremely happy to be associated with this initiative during the web this year to bring 100 startups, all young, and including a very good share of women CEOs in these startups. I mean, this is something that we felt very strongly about to show that one of the key issues in the region is use and use of employment, that the private sector is the solution to economic development and social integration. Now to encourage these startups, we need to create the condition for them to prosper, to grow, and to be successful. And that we can do through finance. Access to finance has always been an issue in the region. And IFC role is to try to facilitate that, and we're doing it. We need incubators and accelerators so that when you're a young 25-year-old with a great idea, you'll have the support system. And it's not only money. It's peer-to-peer mentoring. There are many different aspects. Then having access to venture capital, very important. That's where you take the risk on the finance. But then that's not finished. Then you need to have access to the more normal banking and equity. So that's kind of what we call the ecosystem, if you want. But that's a stricto-sensual ecosystem. But when I discuss to this entrepreneur, they talk also about the larger system. We can say it's also an ecosystem. Infrastructure and different countries vary, obviously. Good policies, good regulations to limit the burden. Less rest-step is better for startups. Encouraging rather than being discouraged, because you have a lot of talent in the region. And don't take my word for it. Go outside, talk to them. It's quite amazing. A lot of creativity, a lot of talent. They have to stay in the region and employ young people in the region. Because one of the issue, if the ecosystem is not supportive, they will not lose their talent. But they may go somewhere else. Because they would like to be successful. And they may go out. And this is very critical. So it's a big hope. But very important in hope is to make sure that the hope translates into success in the next few years. Thank you very much. I missed the underline. One of the factors underlying that the enabling environment for talent is obviously security and stability in the region. Can you speak a little to that? Yes, thank you. I can pick up at Philip's words. If Philip is talking about an ecosystem, describing the ecosystem, it has to have a frame, which is the frame of security and stability. What I want to emphasize is at this conference is unique that we have the prerequisites that are necessary for frame and ecosystem. Because, of course, I know as a Minister of Defense what is necessary to provide security and stability, mainly through enabling local forces for the local empowerment. But you'll never have long lasting, sustainable security and stability if there is not economic development and if there is not good governance, which is policies. And those three together are completely linked. One cannot live or exist without the other. The second part I want to focus on is the digitalization you mentioned and women. It's a huge opportunity for women because you can work completely independent of physical location and time. And you do not need a lot of investment. What you need is a brain and an idea and an internet access. That's it. You can work from everywhere at any time in whatever condition you are. And you're not confronted with unconscious biases. So the perfect environment for female entrepreneurship and innovation. And perhaps the third point, we will have a discussion here at this conference too on, of course, the cyber and information room. And we will debate how we can foster and bring forward our positive narrative of an open society of inclusiveness in competition to and fighting the false narratives that are projected by either Daesh and other extremist groups, which are narratives of hatred and division. Also by right-wing movements in Europe, for example, who feed each other what hatred is concerned. So from this conference, too, should go out a strong signal and a strong narrative about inclusiveness, about an open society. Thank you. And Minister Brenda, Norway has a great history of engagement in the political and peace processes here in the region, but also perhaps now with its sovereign wealth fund as a source of investment for some of these initiatives that Philip is bringing to this forum. Perhaps you could tell us more. You can count on Norway when it comes to the very important transformation that this region has to undergo, especially is a big challenge with the Yut bulge. More than 50% of the population in many countries in Maghreb and also in the whole MENA region are under the age of 25. Just imagine amount of jobs, skills, and also education that is needed. That's why Norway has doubled our ODA in the field of education during the last three years. Also in the humanitarian field, we need to do more on education, on average. On the global humanitarian relief, only 2% to 3% of it goes to education. For Norway, I will make clear that at least 20% of our humanitarian support to this region, Syria, Iraq, et cetera, will be allocated to education to create opportunities for the children and the adolescents. And we still need a lot of additional funding. There are still 200,000 children in Lebanon that are of Syrian origin that are not attending school. This is totally unacceptable and it shows that we are still faced with big challenges in this region. Another initiative that is very important for us is that we also have to look at the challenges here in Jordan and in Lebanon. When they are taking such a big responsibility for refugees, still a lot of actors are saying, oh, these are lower middle income countries. So they're not eligible for, for example, all the funding of the World Bank and other institutions. They take a huge asymetric responsibility when it comes to refugees. So we would like to push also that more funding would be available for Lebanon and Jordan. We will also walk the talk when it comes to no supporting the countries in transition in Maghreb. I'm announcing that we will open an embassy in Tunisia next year and we will double our support, for example, to Tunisia also on the ODA side. This is a democracy that is very fragile. And if we don't support no, the cost of inaction is a lot higher than action. And we will also support work to establish a free trade arrangement in Maghreb. If that was so, we would see an increase the first year of 3% in the GDP. So this is a long-hanging fruit, where I think the leaders in Maghreb have to take responsibility for delivering. Thank you very much. And Hullabbiari, some of these startups that we're seeing here are very reliant on digital technology. And one thing that underpins that is infrastructure. Saudi telecoms obviously involved in helping to upgrade and support infrastructure in the region. Can you talk a little bit more about the needs the region has and how it can be addressed? On that, three quick messages. One is of hope. The other is of caution. Third is really messages to the stakeholders. And I'll touch upon what you said about the digital economy and the infrastructure needed. But the hope, I think, as we've just heard, very young population in the MENA region, with this comes lots of energy and talent. And that can be the fuel for the future. However, the word of caution here is that policies that worked in the last century or the beginning of this century are not applicable in the future. And I think we need to, the governments primarily need to focus on that aspect. So do we have the right policies and the regulations needed? Third, the message, I think, to the stakeholders, different stakeholders, and primarily, let me start with governments. In addition to regulations, I think putting the digital economy on top of the agenda is becoming a necessary aspect. With, you know, the focus of governments should be starting to focus on the infrastructure needed to bring about the benefits of the digital economy. The digital economy for this region and going back to the first point of hope can allow the region and the countries in this region to leapfrog. They don't have to go back and do what other developed nations have. I think we have a chance to leapfrog by the fact that these new technologies will impact education. They can impact health, farming, you name it, in the sense of the efficiencies that it brings. The second message to the stakeholders focuses on the private sector. And the private sector, I think, need to understand that the technology that we are experiencing now is changing everything. And unless you adapt, you may be just swept away. And therefore, the focus on really becoming digital enterprises, the focus on employees and making sure that you retrain your staff to cater for the new reality, is something that current enterprises need to focus on. The third is the startups that we've just talked about. We had an amazing day yesterday with hundreds of them, but we have thousands out there who will be forming the new economy for this region. And I think my message to them is keep at it, go forward and fight for the changes that we discussed yesterday. Thank you very much. Okay, we've got a hard finish at 55. So can I just get a sense in the room of who has a question? Do we have microphones? We do, that's great. So can we just take the question there and the question in the middle? Could you just tell us where you're from and who you are, thanks. Karen Lapp from AP. I hate to go off topic, but I have to ask the German Defense Minister on the Iran election results. Rouhani won. He was closely connected with the nuclear deal that is also very important to Germany. Can you briefly comment on that? Okay, and question in the middle? Hi, Frank Kane from Arab News and Jeddah. This question is really for Mr. Biari. I wonder what the alternative is to the Vision 2030 plan that's underway in your country. If it doesn't succeed, what does Saudi do next? It's only got a few more years to run, I guess, Frank. So a couple of questions there. Do we have a question that's actually on the topic from someone in the, yeah? Oh, okay, three questions on the topic. Yeah, gone, still him. Let's see if we've got time. It's for the German Defense Minister on the German troops in the Turkish base and whether there's going to be a move to Jordan. So, Minister, it looks like you're in the firing line for questions. Yes, so far I do not know the final results. Here you are, the final results of the election in Iran, but it looks as if Rouhani did win, which would be a positive sign and would be positive for the nuclear deal, too, because it's necessary that all sides meet the requirements. What in Chalik and Jordan is concerned? First of all, it is important we have, when we send servicemen and service women into missions, it's the parliament who sends the armed forces into missions. So for our parliament, it is very important to have access to the missions and the troops and to be able to visit the troops. This is the first point. Now, in Chalik, so far it was difficult for parliamentarians from the German parliament to visit the troops that are stationed there. It is a mission in Counter-Daij. I've been visiting here in Jordan the air base Al-Azrak yesterday. I was impressed. It is a, there's a lot of potential in this air base. We were very grateful for a very positive reception and a lot of support. I will talk to the king later on this afternoon to thank him for this gracious offer. There is no political decision taken right now. This is important. Talks are still going on with Turkey, but in case that we will have to move, we would be prepared knowing that this would mean that we would have a gap of a time gap in which our tornadoes or the refueling planes would not be able to take part in the missions. It's a matter of some weeks, but therefore now we have to plan in detail so that operation would be possible as fast and as soon as necessary. Having said that, I add again that political decisions haven't been taken yet. Abul, can I just bring you a moment? I just wanted to second what Minister von der Leyen said about Iran and the Iranian elections. We very much welcome the re-election of President Rouhani and I hope this can also send a message that Iran will be serious about reforms moving forward and what we really need in this region is a future rappeur-je-ment between Tehran and Riyadh. That could be a key to address a lot of issues like Yemen, Iraq and etc. Thanks very much and I think we've got about one minute to go which just leaves me time to say Khalid, Vision 2030, yes or no? Well, a disclaimer, I'm a private citizen here, I don't represent the Saudi government, but as a Saudi citizen, I can tell you the amount of positive energy that the National Transformation Program 2020 and Division 2030 have brought into the country is something that I've never seen in my life. The government is very determined in achieving the KBI's and every organization, every government organization is very focused and works day and night on achieving these KBI's. So the aspect of the success I think is the only option for us as a nation. Thank you, thanks to all our co-chairs and have a very successful meeting. Thank you.