 Hello everyone welcome to the July NASA night sky network member webinar We're hosting tonight's webinar from the offices of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in San Francisco, California I'm excited to present this teleconference with our guest speakers Andrea Jones and Timothy Glach from NASA's International Observe the Moon night program They are sure with us how you can get involved with coordinating your local event as well as how recent NASA missions have changed The way we view our closest celestial neighbor, but first here's Vivian with a few things to share with everyone Hi everybody out there in webinar land It's good to see you. I am the manager of the NASA night sky network if I haven't met you already I just wanted to let you know that we're working right now to update all the club content Contact information and if you could just take a quick look at your club and how it's Represented on the night sky network and make sure that all the information is up to date I would really appreciate that and it will help as we start to get the word out, especially around the eclipse next year And we want to make sure that people can know where to find you in between here and there also I just had a grand idea about 10 minutes ago and in honor of International Observe the Moon night I want to have a giveaway and So here's what I was thinking Anybody who Posts an event that's going to be held between October 1st and 15th So the official date for International Observe the Moon date is the 8th But we're gonna we're gonna give you a broad range of dates where you can hold a moon event So post an event held anywhere between the 1st and the 15th that has the word moon in it and You will be entered in a lottery to receive one of five of the here we go Moon mission games from Project Astro. These are really excellent Cooperative board games and I think you would have a lot of fun with them. So You need to post those events events by September 15th to qualify and I just checked there Actually quite a few events being held on the October 8th But many of them don't have the word moon in the title So make sure to put the word moon in it currently there are only seven events that qualify for this So you'd have very good chances if you want to post an event with the word moon in it between October 1st and 15th And that's pretty much all I've got back to you, Brian Okay, and Vivian will be back with us at the a little bit later And so stand by for that and at the end of the question and answer period We will have another giveaway of ASP's total sky watchers manual co-authored by our own Vivian white and David Prosper who many of you know is our One of the people that's been coordinating the night sky network You might also notice that there's a chat window and a question and answer The chat window is for all of you to introduce yourselves to each other and for general chat along with any technical issues You might have during the webinar the Q&A window is where you should submit your questions for our speakers It will keep track of your questions and so that we'll know whether or not your questions have been answered or not So please In there I have a question I'm sorry Vivian what I have a question actually cook Feldman asked a really good question He asked if they had to post the events on the NSN or the international observe the moon website I just wanted to let everybody know that if you post your events on the NSN website They will automatically populate to the international observe the moon website and Andrea might be telling us more about that But thanks cook for asking the question if you post your regular events like you regularly do on the night sky network calendar It will then populate the enum website. There you go. Just wanted to add that. Thanks. Sorry for interrupting. Okay. Thanks So if we do have any problems during the webinar Please let us know through the group chat or send us an email at night sky info at astros society.org So I want to introduce our speakers We have two speakers with us tonight Andrea Jones is the director of the international observe the moon night and annual worldwide celebration of lunar and planetary science and Exploration she is an education specialist with the planetary science Institute based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland Jones conducts education and communications activities for planetary missions and programs including the lunar reconnaissance orbiter the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover and three teams in NASA solar system exploration research virtual Institute Timothy Glach is an associate professor in the Department of Geosciences at Stony Brook where he's been since 2007 he completed his PhD in geosciences at Arizona State University in 2004 And I think a little bit ago I accused you of being from Tucson and I apologize for that Tim and He was a postdoc at Caltech from 2005 2007 his research is focused on using laboratory spectroscopic techniques and sophisticated light scattering models to enable more quantitative Interpretation of spectroscopic data sets pretty pretty high-end stuff here. This is great He's also received as a group achievement awards for his work with the Odyssey themas and mirror many test instruments that are flown to Mars and On a lunar reconnaissance orbiter diviner lunar radiometer experiment He's a co-investigator on diviner, which has been orbiting the moon since 2009 2012 he is a word of the National Science Foundation early career award He's the principal investigator of the five point five million dollar remote in situ and Synchrotron studies for science and exploration the rise for team, which he'll tell you a little bit more about yours In a little bit, which is part of NASA solar system exploration research virtual Institute Survey, so please welcome Andrea Jones and Timothy Lodge Okay. Hi everyone. I'm gonna go first. It's very nice to be here and to be speaking to you about About rise and the moon. I'm so I'm gonna share my screen here and we'll get going See here So okay, I'm sharing Inside, okay, so as Brian mentioned rise is one of the one of nine teams in NASA's solar system exploration research virtual Institute rise stands for remote in situ and synchrotron studies for science and exploration and our goal one of our main goals is to Basically pave the way for future human exploration of the solar system with NASA's current target bodies Which include the moon near earth asteroids and the moons of Mars Phobos and demos within rise. We have four main Kind of science themes or science categories that we work on The first we call preparation for exploration enabling quantitative remote geochemical analysis of airless bodies This is essentially my bread and butter the work that I do at stony Brook We do detailed laboratory experiments and modeling to try to help us understand In more detail the data is returned by NASA spacecraft that are orbiting the moon and also studying asteroids and photos and demos Our second theme we call maximizing exploration opportunities development of field methods for human exploration We have a large team of scientists who work in the field where we're developing methods for future astronauts To do geologic field work on on the moon and asteroids and photos and demos We work with astronauts to develop in situ analysis techniques Using sophisticated instrumentation and basically develop field metrics to kind of maximize the science return from a future field investigations on the moon and other bodies Now our third our third theme is pretty unique among the survey teams We call this protecting our explorers understanding how planetary surface environments impact human health Basically, if you go to the moon or an asteroid or surface of Phobos and demos The first thing you would notice is that it's really really dusty and that dust would get all over your spacesuit And eventually back into your spacecraft and we want to understand how that dust if inhaled if If if interact if you interact with it breathe it in gets on your skin You know how that would potentially impact your health So we have a series of studies designed to look at that Then finally our fourth theme is called maximizing science from return samples advanced synchrotron and stem analysis of lunar improvement materials Synchrotron is a very large apparatus that accelerates electrons to something like 99.99% speed of light around a circle And it makes really really bright x-rays and infrared beams and you can use that to study really small things a Stem is a scanning transmission electron microscope and we can image individual atoms with this And so you can think of this theme for as using really really big machines So we'll get really really small things and so I'll talk about each of these in a little detail But first I think it's useful to think about how we study the moon And which what are the different ways we can study the moon and learn more about our nearest neighbor? Well, perhaps the most obvious way to study the moon is by sending people to the moon and looking at the rocks there while we're there So, you know, this would we would call boots on the ground We would send human field geologists to the moon to look at the rocks to try to interpret the geological history and learn more about how That portion of the moon formed and how it evolved over time and rise themes two and three So our field methods and our our health studies are directly relevant to how We would study the moon using kind of a boots on the ground technique and your look the image You're looking at is a picture of a Jack Schmidt Paula 17 astronaut the only scientist ever go ever to go to the moon and He was a geologist. Oh, we can also study lunar samples in the lab. And this is directly related to rise theme four so we have Meteorites that have come from the moon. So an impact on the moon launches a piece of lunar rock Towards earth it some of it will ablate in earth's atmosphere, but a chunk of it will land on earth and we can Study the detailed geochemistry and trace elements to identify that rock as coming from moon And of course, we have also several hundred kilograms about three three hundred or so kilograms of rocks Returned by the Apollo astronauts where we know exactly where they came from We know the geologic context and we can study those in the lab to make inferences about the history of the moon and so we can you do things like just Look at rocks under a petrographic microscope a tool of a geologist where the different colored Bits are different minerals within a rock We can use x-ray mapping in a translation of transmission electron microscope or another tool to map out Elemental elemental distributions as well Here the red spots are really high in the mineral of the element potassium which can tell us something about How that rock form so this is a really great way to study rocks in the surface now Samples are really useful for learning a lot about a really small portion of the surface But if we want to get a global view we have to we necessarily have to use remote sensing And so we send spacecraft to orbit the moon of recent spacecraft Spacecraft that's still an orbiter on the moon is the lunar reconnaissance orbiter On the top left here. You actually see a Image a false color image from the moon mineralogy mapper, which was on the Indian Chandra on one spacecraft. This was an American instrument led by Dr. Carly Peters at Brown University On that Indian spacecraft and the different colors represent different minerals or different compositions On the right here. You see and temperature map from the diviner lunar radiometer experiment That is the instrument that I'm involved with that's on LRO this is a temperature map of the lunar south pole and If you look at the scale bar, you'll notice that those purple areas right here and some of these craters These are permanently shadowed craters that have likely not Seen The Sun they've not seen sunlight and something like four billion years or so In those areas are the coldest measured areas in the solar system. They're colder what much colder than the surface of Pluto On this map the scale bar goes down to about 25 Kelvin or 25 degrees above absolute zero But we think we've measured temperatures as low as 12 or 15 Degrees above absolute zero on the lunar surface and at that point. We're just measuring the results of lunar heat flow So heat trying to escape from the center of the moon out through surface On the bottom left here. You actually see an amazing photo of the Apollo 12 landing site Here in the middle. This is from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter camera, which is basically our spy camera That's an orbit around the moon and so you can set up their experiments and we can image that from orbit Around the moon, which is just amazing Okay, so let's talk a little bit about how we can use our oops how we can use our field techniques to further Our goal to use boots on the ground geology to learn more about the moon. So our goal is to maximize surface science effectiveness and Sample collection focused on specific science questions. So When we go to the moon, we know from experience that human exploration missions wherever we go require really fast low risk Comprehensive and quantitative assessments of samples to quickly inform astronauts about which samples to select They can only bring so many kilograms of samples home And so you don't want to bring home 300 kilograms of all the same stuff You want to go out and find which rocks are most Interesting and we'll tell us the most about the geologic history of that sample. So astronauts the Apollo astronauts before they Went to the moon they underwent Comprehensive geologic field training, but they all had they all had a very limited time on the surface and so we want to figure out how we can maximize that time on the surface and Provide informed assessments of how to best document and Highgrade the samples that is select the best samples. We're also really interested in identifying how we could find radiation safe events and so in the event of a solar Flare or outburst where we might an astronaut's life might be in danger We would want to know where we could identify things like caves and lava tubes that might provide shelter in the event of a radiation emergency And then we our big focus here really is one of our folks big focuses is how to best incorporate Instruments scientific instruments that measure things like subsurface structure using radar and topography using global positioning system and things like that So here's an example of how we might try to do a test to figure out How do we maximize our surface time? And so we have two of our team members Jacob Leacher and Brent Gary They're both geologists and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center they did a Transact and they did a they did a hike on the 1971 or 1974 flow at Kilauea And the colored lines you're seeing are their handheld GPS traces and so before they went out into the field they Plotted a path that would tell them, you know, maximize where they wanted to go and see their interesting scientific plans and their plan x their plan distances Average 9.1 kilometers, but their planned path that they planned ahead of time was about 8.75 kilometers if you actually Look at the ground covered if it's drawn as a plan at 6.7 kilometers So what this tells us is that based on the remote sensing data? The the two field geologists covered about 24 percent less distance in area than they expected to When they looked at how much they walked though, they walked a lot more than they expected to this is because when you actually get down on the surface There's some areas that are lava flows that are really rugged and spiky and you know Basically glass shards on the surface that you want to avoid as much as possible And so you go around those there might be other areas where there's vegetation You're not gonna have that problem the moon, but we have that Hawaii where you want to go around And so even though you covered less area than expect you actually walked about 26% more than expected so this one study and we're doing more to try to confirm this Suggest that kind of 25% is a magic number that is when we are Designing our plans to try to figure out how we're going to Traverse the moon or an asteroid surface and how much ground we're going to cover We might walk more as much as more than 25% longer than the plan line Maybe cover about 25% less ground than expected. So once we can kind of start getting metrics like this It really helps us plan what we're going to do and then how we're going to do it We also are very interested in the geologic aspects of Of what we can do on volcanically active regions So this is more relevant to the moon than asteroids, but we want to understand lava and placement styles a tube fed or sheet fed And this has implications for identification of radiation safe havens if a lava flow is identified It is identified to a form from a tube and there's a lava to the subsurface That might be something that's accessible as a radiation safe haven. We can also map channel pathways using surface differentiated differential GPS and we can use ground penetrating radar to look at pre-flow topography What the surface look like before the lava flow float over it In addition to these kind of topographic Questions, we can also we're very interested in characterizing the mineralogy in the chemistry of the rocks and the rock coatings This is kind of the science question. That's near and dear to my heart How did those rocks get there? What was what kind of a magma did those rocks come from and how is the how have those rocks But potentially been altered over time and then importantly since we're very interested in remote sensing as well How are those compositional variations? That we see on the surface observe from Observe from orbit. Can we see all those compositional variations from orbit and our lessons that we've learned so far really just to get to the punchline Or that we can see lots and lots of compositional variation on the ground That's really hard to see from orbit usually just because our pixels are so big with diviner In orbit around the moon our pixel size is about 250 meters per pixel and so any Compositional information we get from diviner is at that scale So it can be a lot a lot a lot of subsurface or sub pixel Compositional variation that we're that we're missing in 2015 So just last summer we completed our second field campaign at the Kilauea 1974 flow in the big island of Hawaii. We actually just completed our third Our third field season just last month as well We used an infrared camera x-ray diffraction x-ray fluorescence LiDAR, which is basically a laser ranging system and kite based imaging of Photogrammetry to study the region We had a large field crew they can see here that included an astronaut named Rick Mastracchio They completed one dry or practice run and two simulated extra vehicular activities Then we're assisted by the instrument science teams. I really really really want to go to this website Which is www.reportingrise.com One of the really cool education and public outreach aspects of what we did was we ran a student science journals and class at Stony Brook University and so the Semester before our field campaign students learned all about what we were doing. They learned how to Talk to scientists and how to interact with scientists and then we sent all those student journalists into the field to document our field campaign and They just put up put together some tremendous results. And so I encourage you to go have a look at that Now we are in a national park. So we weren't able to actually use drones or Aerial vehicles to get a sense of the Detailed topography of the surface so still we used kites because they're not drones. So we had one of our collaborators Steven Scheidt who's At the University of Arizona. He developed and has a patent pending on a kite based Camera system that could produce really highly detailed topographic maps on the site. This detailed topographic map is 415 by 320 meters across it has a spatial resolution of something like three centimeters per pixel in the center of this Digital terrain model. So this provides our scientists on the ground with all the detail They need to understand the topography and where the lava was flowing and when it got there This is just an amazing amazing data set we also Professor a dn rogers at stonybrook University. She's developing a mid-infrared camera and this mid-infrared multi-special imagery provides Some context for other types of measurements and identifies Surfaces for further more detailed characterization the image you see on the left is a visible camera image It's kind of might be kind of hard Even when you're there just looking at these rocks. This is kind of a grayish rock This is kind of a more gray rock There's not a whole lot of detail you can say about how different they are when we make false-color infrared images though using this camera We see very big differences. We see these kind of greenish spots We see these bright blue areas that happen to be volcanic ash and we see these bright purple areas It turns out these purple areas even though they look like black lava rocks here they have a very very thin coating of Silica or SiO2 on the surfaces as a result of the interaction of the acid vapor From the volcano with the rock surface and so we wouldn't without this infrared Camera wouldn't be able to tell that so this is a type of instrument that could be really useful For helping us to high grade the rocks and choose What types of rocks we'd want to take back if we brought one of these samples or one of these types of instruments to the moon So theme 3 if you remember is we're calling protect our explorers And this is all based on the idea that future astronauts will be exposed to harsh environments with potentially harmful But unknown health effects. So we're doing a bunch of experiments to determine the reactivity and toxicity of lunar analog materials And eventually we're going to use actual lunar samples to test them So the main thing we're interested in is the generation of things called ROS or reactive oxygen species These are things like hydrogen peroxide O2 radicals and OH radicals Inhalation is basically The root cause of the lung disease Silicosis can also think of things like black lung disease and coal miners you inhale these dust particles They can get lost in your lungs and then once those particles start interacting with your lung fluid There's basically geochemistry that's happening inside your body, and that's usually not good for your body So typically the way that this would work, you know on the moon is that you'd have a mechanical activation in process something like Formation of ash volcanic eruptions Impacts pulverizing on earth You think of like industrial sandblasting and mining operations forming really fine particles in making really active high surface area surfaces And you can inhale that and then bad things can start to happen So on the moon we have lots and lots and lots of dust and so the upper regolith Is something like 10 meters thick where the average grain size is about 70 microns and that's not really inhalable but about 10 to 20 percent of That material is less than 20 micron grain size and that is Inhalable and a decent portion of that 10 to 20 percent is actually less than 10 or less than even less than two micron grain sizes And that can really get into your lungs and get and get a lot and kept get lodged there And so this is the type of material you have to worry about Getting on Space suit and then eventually back into the spacecraft if you've ever been to say the Smithsonian Air and National Air and Space Museum They actually have some of the Apollo spacesuits in You know behind glass and the first thing you notice is that these are not pristine white spaces They are filthy. They're covered with really really fine grained gray dust and that stuff ended up back in The Apollo capsules and the actual and the astronaut Apollo astronauts Reported having kind of hay fever like symptoms Irritation in their lungs and sinuses and this is just only from being on the surface of being exposed as material for Matters of hours or days if we have longer duration missions We have to really worry about this and we have to have a really detailed understanding of Of how this material interacts with the human body So here's an example of a type of test we can do basically what you're looking at is Capsace 3 is a It's a protein that forms when cells die and tubulin is just a This is just kind of a control. And so what you can look at is we have All these different samples are different types of lunar Regolith simulants. These are earth samples, but they're made to look like or be like the moon Anatases titanium dioxide that's control and you have another control here And what should look at think of graphically is that the more black you see the more cell death is occurring so we can actually have a direct measure of toxicity of these materials by By interacting mouse lung cell cultures With with these materials and so you can see this particular material This particular material caused a lot of this black Which means there's a lot of this protein which means killing a lot of cells whereas other materials like this one And then maybe this one and this one they are doing quite a bit less damage, but we're still this is still a progress This is still a project that's in progress. We're working with our department of pharmacology in our medical school at Stoning Brook So have geologists and doctors working together on this which is pretty cool We can also so this is just another way looking at this our mice our mouse lung slices We're treated overnight with this material JSC 1a 10 microns or this anatase this unreactive material They stain the cells to show the presence of macrophages Macrophages are cells that attack invading species and so that would be you know our little dust particle What we see is that this JSC 1a Material which is our lunar simulant causes about three times more oxidative stress and cell death among cells than our control does So if the moon is anything like this JSC 1a and this JSC 1a is in fact made Specifically to look like the moon then this could potentially be a harmful material for astronauts to be to interact with Okay, so finally, I'm just going to mention the last bit of work that we're doing Actually have two more things to talk about so we're Maximizing science from return samples and so this is a project set set of projects We're just kind of getting underway We're interested in measuring the oxygen content and major minor elements abundances of linear meteorites and returned Apollo samples This tells us a lot about the the geochemical environment in which these rocks formed we're studying the structure of material lunar materials that have undergone a process called space weathering and this is a result of the interaction of The lunar surface with the space environment the solar wind micro meteorite environment Cosmic rays things like that and then we're also really interested in technology development and developing new technologies to get really good science from Basically nanograms of sample and for this work. We're utilizing the Brookhaven National Laboratory National synchrotron light source 2 It's the brightest x-ray source in North America. It's brand new Light source right down the road from Stony Brook University on Long Island And also we're working with the Naval Research Laboratory using their neon Ultra stem which can image individual atoms Which is pretty wild. So here's the scale of our NSLS to beam lines So there's this ring here some cars for scale and this mock rendering and so we accelerate electrons around this ring that acceleration results in the Emission of x-rays and we can collect those x-rays and focus them down into really Tiny beams and for that we can I'm using that we can study things like these Rims of individual lunar grains that have these little blebs of iron in them. We want to understand that form Here's a example of a neon ultra stem Image of graphene, which is a carbon single layer carbon And you can notice this cool hexagonal structure all these bright dots are in fact at carbon atoms You might notice that that one bright dot right there is a little bit brighter than all the other ones That's because that's a nitrogen atom instead of a carbon atom if this doesn't blow your mind I don't know what will Rhonda Stroud is our main collaborator here at a research laboratory She's also looking at things like nanodiamonds and meteorites. And so this whole Thing you're seeing here is a nanodiamond That's just a few nanometers across and these brighter spots are Our impurities within that diamond as you know, I'm sure diamonds are composed of carbon But they have impurities in them this first atom here That's a little bit brighter isn't is silicon this other one a sulfur looking at the detailed impurities of In these diamonds tells us how they formed and where they formed really actually around before the solar system started Or are they a result of the condensation of our own solar nebula? That's something that I'm just looking at. She's coined the term nano astronomy and she is our nano astronomer on our team So finally I'll mention some of the work that Me and my students are doing and this is our work that we call enabling quantitative remote analysis And so we're doing a few things here Few separate projects. I'll skip this slide and kind of get right into it Turns out when we do infrared spectroscopy We have to be really careful of the environment that we're looking at it turns out infrared spectroscopy on the moon is a lot Different than infrared spectroscopy on Mars or on Earth the squiggly line that you're seriously series of squiggly lines that you're seeing are infrared emissivity spectra and Basically the shape of the line and where you see these little divots and easy these maxima and emissivity Which is the y-axis? This tells you what the composition of the rock or mineral as you're looking at and it turns out Under the simulated under lunar environments these squiggly lines with a lot different than under kind of terrestrial and Martian environments So in our lab at Stony Brook, we built Machine we call Parsec, which is the planetary and asteroid Regulus spectroscopy environmental chamber within that chamber we recreate The vacuum and temperature conditions that we see on the surface of the moon so we can acquire infrared spectra under simulated Lunar conditions in this plot just shows the How the spectra of a mineral called? Pyroxene varies as a function of particle size and so this is a hundred yellows 120 micron particle sizes This is 90 microns 63 microns and less than sixty three microns in SLE stands for simulated lunar environment We also use as Brian said light scattering models to try to help us understand how surface texture Can influence infrared spectra? So in our computer simulation these big red these big black balls are made of quartz Which is si o2 the same thing with these really little ones here These are all quartz and these kind of wave-like features are exactly exactly what those are those are Electromagnetic waves that are interacting with those surfaces You might notice in this top picture that these waves are symmetric around these These spheres or these circles that's because these Particles these simulated particles are much larger than the wavelength of light that we're using Here you might notice that there are these kind of weird light blobs and the waves very close to these particles are not Symmetric that's because the particles are about or smaller than the wavelength of light that we're interested in And here you're seeing the result of that when the particles are much larger than the particles Then the wavelength of light you get this nice Smooth spectrum and when the particles are smaller than the wavelength of light or about the same size You get this kind of weird jaggedy spectrum You don't have to be an infrared spectroscopist to tell us that to tell that these things are very different Even though it's the exact same material just the particle size and the texture can really influence this Yeah, the shape of the spectrum which complicates our Compositional analysis and so this is something we're working really hard to try to understand in more detail And even though it is a very detailed kind of complex problem It has profound result profound implications for how we interpret remote sensing data from the moon and other bodies The last thing we're kind of looking at is this process called space weather and I'm just finishing up So I want to make sure on Andrea has plenty of time not to talk about international observe the moon night space weathering is a combination of processes including commutation which is basically breaking up of particles from Micrometer of environment vaporization due to impact interaction of cosmic and solar rays sputtering and of elements and implantation with solar wind which is mostly Mostly hydrogen particles or hydrogen atoms and the result of space weathering are these kind of large glassy Particles that we call the glutinates where larger particles are kind of welded together by glass we also see the formation of Really iron metal rich rims on all these grains So one of our goals is to simulate this process in the lab so we can learn more about it We're using the tandem tandem negative ion source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We're radiating samples At 30 50 and 100 kilo electron volts with hydrogen atoms to provide a range of penetration depths into the sample We use specific doses and we monitor the samples Using visible near infrared spectroscopy and 100 nanometer scale X-ray absorption We're just gonna tell us a lot about the chemistry and structure of the materials after we do this experimental space weathering If we can get these experiments right It's been almost a two-year process to design these experiments and to really figure out exactly how we're going to do them Then we can learn a lot about how this process actually works on the moon and other airless bodies in the solar system So just to summarize Rise is a really broad based research effort Utilizing unique talents of something like 60 researchers students and educators. We're really invested in Training the next generation of solar system explorers. We have lots of postdoctoral researchers We have lots of graduate students and undergraduate students all working with us rise Also addresses each of the primary methods by which we can explore the moon The moons of mars and nearth asteroids and that's kind of boots on the ground geology Advanced laboratory analysis and remote sensing platforms On each of these rise themes is integrated with each other and with our detailed education public outreach plan And that's really andria's job She is our education public outreach lead for for rise if she can also answer more questions about that International observer the moon night is one of the main outreach things we do every year So if you want to learn more you can go to this website here RIS for e dot labs dot stonybrook.edu. This has details about our team members and Set of blog posts detail detailing individual projects by some of our team members reporting rise.com is our Is our field report from our student journalists. We're on twitter at ris for e and escorcery And we're on facebook here. So That's it for me. I'm going to stop sharing and Thank you for listening. I'm going to turn it over to andrea now All right. Well, thank you very much. Tim. That was great. Um, and do you want to take questions now? Are you able to stay on later and take them at the end or what would you like to do? Let's go ahead and have questions at the end andra and we'll go on with yours next. Okay, great Then I will See This one Okay, can everyone see that Yep, you're on. Okay, great. All right. So thanks so much, Tim. Um, we wanted to do this webinar together because international Observe the Moon night um is you know an exciting event and we'll talk lots about you know, all the different aspects and things that you can share but One of the great things to talk about is all of the science and rise has an example of all of these Wonderful projects that are going on that if you would like to you can share this with your visitors When they come to an international observe the moon night event So we like to give people a science update and then say hey, and here's an opportunity to share it You know both from rise and from any other place that you might be getting your science information So as has already been said, I am the director of international observe the moon night And I also work with rise. It's my sincere privilege to do that and some other projects as well And any one of those can fit into observing the night because the moon isn't everyone's backyard and everyone is connected to it Let's see. How do I okay? All right, so some Inspirations for this event if you have been doing this for a while Maybe you already know these things and so I apologize if some of this is repeat But if you're new I wanted to to let you know why we even got started with an event like this And it started back in 2009 when the lunar reconnaissance orbiter and the lunar Elcross, you know, I actually can't even remember that image. I haven't written out in my slides, but I can't see the notes So elcross the lunar crater These two two spacecraft were launched together And they went up to the moon and they successfully made it into orbit And this was a really exciting thing to get these spacecraft up to the moon very quickly LRO is right now today as tim said orbiting the moon and collecting all kinds of amazing data and elcross impacted one of the permanently shadowed regions and You know for the first time was able to taste and touch some of the volatiles that we find in those Really really really cold regions of the moon that as kim also said haven't gotten sunlight for billions of years So we wanted to celebrate that so we had events at nasa aims and nasa goddard, which is where our two missions were were based And there was such public interest in these events that we kept going and we decided Okay, we're going to have national observe the moon night But because of the international year of astronomy because of you know lunar enthusiasts around the world We never even had a national observe the moon night right away. It became international observe the moon night And we have been going strong since 2010 with that Within international observe the moon night, we like to highlight both those science results that we're getting But also the personal and cultural connections that we all have with the moon So think about your language if you say month or lunatic or if you have a favorite song that features the moon or You know a memory I do workshops for lro And I start off every week with what's your favorite memory of the moon and everybody has an answer to that question And some of them are just wonderful. So we have these these ties with our art with our science And you know, this is something that the poets and the the painters can share in as well And we certainly encourage that as well as you know stories There's all kinds of wonderful, you know, native american stories all kinds of stories from Early europe and and anywhere in the world Because the moon is something that native cultures could see for you know The entire time that we have been humans looking up in the sky. We've been able to see the moon And this is a great time to talk about that Um, we also highlight, you know, the moon's role in space exploration So rise is preparing for the next explorers robotic and human explorers around the solar system The moon has played a really large role in that as you know, it was already touched on but you know This is something that has helped us sort of step out Outside of our backyard and into the beyond and the moon has certainly been a key player in that And so this is a chance to celebrate that heritage as well um And I didn't want to go so much into science results in my portion of the time because Tim already gave you lots of great science But I did want to mention that if you're interested in the lunar reconnaissance orbiter I put together a presentation that is available on the international observable night website That has lots of science results from the moon from this mission such as you know We found the coldest place in the solar system even colder than puto that we've been able to measure You know, we found pits. We found caves. We found, you know, um, you know Evidence of recent volcanism. That was amazing New Creators from all the time All kinds of things are going on So if you would like to learn more about that and these kinds of things are are put in this presentation And you're welcome to use this or any of the other presentations that we have on our website To pull out snippets and share highlights with your visitors. Should you be interested in doing that? Perhaps if you're not able to you know, get An expert to come or if you are the expert and you're able to put it together, but this is available On the on the international observable night website So what is international observable night? It is an annual worldwide celebration of lunar and planetary science and exploration And that's the one day each year everyone on our whole planet is invited to unite and observe and learn about the moon And it's connection to you know our role in space exploration And to show those connections. So this is all sort of summarized, but um as vivian was saying We understand that not everyone is available on the day that we plan it each year So in the past we've typically planned it in the fall Um, which is you know has been a pretty good time for a lot of the hosts that we've been working with We are considering actually moving it to the spring based on some host feedback Um And we also always choose a phase of the moon that's visible In the late afternoon or evening because that's a time most hosts like to to have their events And we know that you know has amateur astronomers out there You probably more Are I anyway enjoy looking at a moon with a terminator? So I can check out those wonderful regions um with the the shadow environment That's so pretty and you don't get that on a full moon. Um, although that's another great time to host those moon We encourage moon observation anytime. Um, but that's why we pick our certain day But if that's not a good day for you then anytime in that area That's a better time for you and your community to get together. Uh, we encourage that All right, so oh, I forgot to mention so the the folks who sponsor, uh, international observable unite, uh, primarily the lunar reconnaissance orbiter But then rise for example We all all participate in this through the solar system exploration research virtual institute and all of the survey teams Are involved on some level and host events and get involved and the lunar planetary institute also puts in some funding specifically for our website But then we have a number of different partners such as you all your your night sky network Team is really wonderful and we know that you are really involved in this event. We appreciate that Um, and then lots of other groups. We work with google learner x-prides cosmo quest science festival alliance. Um The nasa discovery program. Um, we're with lots of different groups actually these are our main ones Um, and right now we're getting some of this data in so, uh in 2015 We had 545 registered events in 54 countries. Um, so far We are I think up to 59 countries since 2010 and 49 us states So we're missing one of them I have to find out which one that is and get it on the list But definitely it's great to see how this is spreading around. We also know that there are more events, for example in africa but folks can only register if they have internet connections and um There are not a lot of internet connections in the sahara area. So others are hosting events there, too This is just what we've had registered Um, so some highlights. So what are we trying to figure out about these events? International observed midnight events are really kind of neat because they're very flexible So anyone anywhere can host an event and everyone everywhere can see the moon If you have high technology or you know with technology with Support such as telescopes or binoculars. That's great. But if you don't you can still see the moon So that's one of the great reasons uh to celebrate this and to unite in a peaceful way to get everyone Excited about space. That's always, you know, that's the main goal of this whole program. Um, but we also Let you do what you think would be best for your community So, um, if you would like to just go out and look at the moon that that counts We are happy to have you just go look at the moon If you want to have a huge event with 10,000 people and have them all looking at telescopes everywhere and doing hands-on activities That's great, too. So it's really up to you what you think you are able to handle Perhaps with a partner or what? Your community would be most interested in all of those qualify So that said it's a little hard to evaluate, you know Individual events and we work individually with hosts if you would like a personalized Evaluation of your event we can help with that. Um, and then you can use it to justify why you might be able to host similar events in the future if you have funders who would like that kind of information Um, but some things we are able to see. Um, we know that tens of thousands of people participate every year in this event So that's really exciting. Um, we know that there are so many different places that host events We have, you know, museums science centers, um, planetariums. We have ice cream shops We have some local bars that have blue moon specials. Um, we have, you know, weddings have actually been involved Everyone went out and looked at the moon together. We have backyards Um around the world where people are looking up around uh at the moon. So that's great and they range in size hugely, um, most people do partner So if you are looking to have an event and you're not so sure you want to deal with all the logistics Or you'd like to have hands-on activities, but you don't want to do them all or you just need more help Most of our our hosts actually work with, you know An amateur astronomy group and a school or a library or a science center or some other group Some even have multiple partners. So we certainly encourage that and you might want to look into that We also have demonstrated that people learn about lunar science and exploration. Yay, that's great And that they want to learn more when they leave which is also really exciting Um, and we have data that that actually demonstrates that people have a good time at these events. So that's wonderful um So item is a chance to share NASA science Get people excited about the moon and beyond because we don't stop at the moon look beyond Osiris rex is launching on september 8th a month before international observable night looking And it's going to be a sample return mission to an asteroid. That's really exciting Go see if you can find the asteroid belts or, you know, some, you know, jupiter Which is you know has an exciting mission right now. Juno So these are other things that you can look out when you're out there with your telescope And teach people about them and this is just a chance also to as we said bring together your community Bring together partners and and really connect with people around the world who are together looking up On that one day or near that day Something we've also found is that our hosts use a lot of the stuff on our website So I know some of you already host events, which is wonderful But if you have not yet or if you haven't really Navigated through our website so much. I wanted to just point out some highlights to you that You know if seeing them might help you remember them to use them yourself Um, so here we go. We have our map so far of events We're filling that in as we speak. So that's exciting Um, we have you know, lots of ways to get involved with international journey mates So everything from I want to host an event and registering that and finding partners and all of that Or I want to attend an event because if you are hosting an event and you want people to be able to come You know a person from your community can find out where it's going to be and All the event details so that people can come to your event If you are for example a Girl Scout troop or a Boy Scout troop or you know A church group that wants a private event or something like that You can also make them private and still register and show that you're part of this, you know Exciting global celebration, but not allow outside people to come to your event. So either one is possible You can also see what other people have done. Um, if you'd like some inspiration Um, if you would like to host an event, we have some guidelines for you Some of you are really good at hosting Observing events and this might not be something you even need to think about but we have some people That are new new hosts. And so we want to make sure that they are are comfortable with having an event Um, then we have lots of different materials. So we have say the date cards We have event flyers that you can fill in with the information from your own event We also have international observable night information sheets in case You or you know others are interested in finding out more details About this event. We have that and all of these and all of the international observable night materials We're working on translating them into other languages because you know, this is international and so far You know our team is English stickers, but we want to make this available and we know that people around the world are are using our Our products and are translating them themselves, but we would like to make more of that available on our website So that's underway um If you'd like to find a partner so a lot of um, a lot of you guys actually are on here So the night sky network from jpl is is through here Um, and we can also have the asp search for clubs. So you might actually be contacted by people From our website. So that would be pretty cool if any of you have had that experience to let us know And then, you know other ways to find clubs. We also have the nasa speakers bureau solar system ambassadors and others that can come help with your event should you Want extra support of that kind? We always feature activities We know that some of you have excellent activities that you're already using and we certainly encourage you to do Whatever you enjoy doing best But we have some suggestions if you'd like them something we really like Having people start at our events at goddard and the ones that we help with our moon observation journals So it's great to get people out there, you know for that one day. That's wonderful But to actually, you know pay attention to what the moon looks like Throughout the whole month and see that cycle and find out that you know Hey, it's out just as much during the day as it is at night and wow it's out at different times and you know rises and sets at different times all of that something that A lot of people don't necessarily pay attention to so you can encourage them to to really get to know their nearest neighbor in the sky By starting a moon observation journal and then we have some questions for consideration on the back of that We also have more hands-on activities featured on nasa wavelength If any of you, you know have not heard of this resource before and you host events that do hands-on activities I highly encourage you to look this up because this is a resource that has all the nasa education Products that have been reviewed by science and education Experts and they're great. So we have a list on this website that we just updated I should have put the updated side on That you can check out for some activities as well And then our moon maps. These are one of our most popular resources Every year we have a moon map of the exact phase and we will be in on international observe the moon night that year on inam And it has some information and some high resolution images on the back And then if you'd like to analyze them even more you can go to the lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera website Which we have a link to this year to see them in even more detail and check out the context of the area All right in case you have stormy weather We understand that there might be a problem So how we have some resources that you can make use of or to decorate, you know, even if it's great weather So the moon as art gallery some of our beautiful data We also have an exhibit at the snesonian, uh, the national air and space museum here in dc right now And you can explore These images that are just spectacular. I think it's like ansel atoms of the moon. It's just wonderful And if you'd like to check that out You can do that or you can download them and print them and make them available, you know for your visitors to see as well There's also things like if you have a computer that you can set up or if you know Your visitors are interested in learning more when they leave things like nasa's lunar mapping and modeling portal are way For people to really dive into data from the moon And then we have things like participating in lunar science research through cosmo quest a citizen science program That perhaps you have heard of of and perhaps you're already involved in but if not It's a way that people around the world can actually contribute to To science research that nasa is doing and moon mappers is part of that and that uses lro data Um, and then there's lots of other things like our logo. You can download it and use it We have, you know Bookmarks and posters and things like that and we will actually be sending to The night sky network a packet of things that we'll Let uh vivian and others distribute to people who are hosting events. So that would be great We also have certificates of participation that you can fill in with your name or your your group and say Hey, I did this um and you know last year We did a thing where we bounced all of the names of people who participated Or all the event sites that participated off the moon in a radio moon bounce So I don't know if we'll be able to do that this year But we try to do something fun like that afterwards And then of course We have our host surveys to see how we can better serve you and what resources we can put on our website That can help you and those participant surveys We really like it when you share them with your visitors to give us data from the participant end But also again, they can be made available to you to help you Defend hosting events like this in the future all right, so We'd love for you to get involved register your events register do the night sky network. Um, that's fine And that goes into our website. We'd love for you to evaluate your events so that we can find out, you know How can we better serve you as an event host and what else can we provide? And then we'd love for you to share pictures share stories share little things about your event through, you know observe the moon night social media or On our flicker pages and other places So we'd love to see what you're doing and and please share and let others around the world See and see what they're doing too that we have sometimes had like twitter feeds up on our our sites to show Hey, you're at this event here But look at all these people and you know China and india and you know the west coast the east coast that anywhere I'm also looking at the moon with you and so that's kind of a fun thing for you to be a part of that All right, and then the last thing I wanted to mention is that international observable night or item is on october 8th this year But next year we will be doing it on july 15th Which is about five weeks before the total solar eclipse that we'll be crossing the united states that i'm sure You all are fully aware of but we're going to be having some public offerings Through our website such as webinars to help people get prepared for the eclipse We'll focus on lunar science that will affect the eclipse such as the topography of the moon and how You know our understanding of the the precise topography better than any other object in the whole solar system including the earth We know that in such detail that we can actually Adjust the eclipse map leading across the country and also You know know where the bailey speeds will be and how you'll be able to view them because of you know our data from lro So wanted to let you know about that and thank you all very much for your attention and for hearing about rise an example Of science that you can share at international observable night and also for all of you who already participate in this event We really appreciate it and we hope that you will continue with us And so with that, I guess i'll stop Sharing my screen or should I leave it up? Yeah, go ahead and stop sharing and then we'll be back to everybody's faces Tim are you still there? Oh excellent. Yeah, okay. We have time for one quick question. I'm sorry. We are running out of time here, but um david kaninsky asked Tim mentioned dg ps with respect to hawaii. Can we use that on the moon? No Yes, so if we wanted to use different dg ps transfer differential global positioning system and so it's essentially a 3d gps that you can take out and map topography and make digital That terrain models things like that So if we wanted to do dg ps on the moon, we'd essentially have to have the infrastructure Around the moon that we have around earth. So we'd have to have Several satellites in orbit around the moon that we could use to triangulate a position um On the moon as well as the equipment on the ground that's operated by a field geologist. And so um, you might imagine that at some point um, a private company or nasa or european space agency or the chinese Or the indians might be interested in doing a detailed geologic work like this. Um, and if you you know, it's a well known technology It's nothing too complicated about it. So um, if you're in if a country or corporation Invested in the infrastructure that it could certainly be uh be usable on the water surface Great excellent. So i'm sorry. We don't have time for more questions tonight everybody I think i'm gonna do the book giveaway unless oh brian's here great go for brian Much and uh, that's all for tonight. This is uh, this is great So you can find this webinar along with many others on the next sky network under the outreach resources section Just search for webinar We will post tonight's presentation on the next sky network youtube channel by the end of the week You can also find other resources and activities on this webinar's dedicated resource page And now for our raffle vivian's gonna count and determine this month's winner of the asp's total sky watchers manual Numbers entered before the signal won't count and you can only enter a number one We're gonna make it a little more challenging this time So the third person to correctly enter the following Combination will win So get ready everyone. We're three You're gonna win the Oh, no, sorry the third person that was third person. So here's the combination. So get ready m 47 Uh-oh, okay I Coming let's see. Oh, that's a lot of answers. Let's see if I got it Okay, you're going so fast for me. Oh we had one m 47 the third one is dylan ma Hi, congratulations dylan. I just want to say Uh, we'll we'll send that out to you dylan if we don't have your email Already, please shoot us an email at night sky info at astrosociety.org Congratulations to you. We'll send you a copy of the total sky watchers manual And make sure that you include your mailing address. So it will go to the right place And thank you so much andrea and tim that was fantastic I cannot wait to hold an event for and um, it's going to be a really fun night Thanks very much. Vivian. Thanks, brian. I had a lot of fun and uh, we're really we're looking forward to doing an Inom event um stoning brook, uh as well Next month very cool and speaking of next munch month Market calendars for our next webinar on wednesday september 21st when we turn our attention to saturn with nasa's linders linders broker Who will share with us current findings from the kasini mission Including the latest from enceladus and plans for kasini's last year of exploring the saturn system Keep looking up and we'll see you next month. Good night, everyone Thanks. Good night. All right. Good night