 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explorer Education. I am Dr. Rajpe Singh, assistant professor, department of education at the Sikhanda Girls' University College, University of Allahabad. And today I am going to discuss with you all a very important topic of educational psychology that is experiential learning. Anubhav Atmak, Adhigam, Anubhav Janne Adhigam, whatever name you know from it. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for your various regular professional courses and your competitive teaching examinations too. So, let's start. First of all, what is experiential learning? Experiential learning kya hai? So, from time immemorial, it has become a matter of discussion among educators that teaching must be performed in such a way that it eventually culminates in learning. I mean, we have been talking about this for a long time in Shibshavi Roti Beaches, that teaching is done in such a way that it is in learning. I mean, if we do Shibshan, then it will be in Adhigam, children, students, then there is no meaning of Shibshan. One such example is experiential learning. It is a type of learning that happens when a learner himself or herself reflects upon his or her experiences and then reaches to the conclusion on its application part. This is a kind of Adhigam in which Adhigam does reflection on its own experiences, it reflects on it and then it reaches to the conclusion or its application. Experiential learning has been an important pedagogy since a long time. I mean, it is not that now it is a new term that has originated from somewhere. In fact, it is a very old pedagogy. It is the way of Shibshan Shastra. It is so old that we find it in old Eastern Confucian philosophy. This is a very famous quote that you must have heard that I hear, I forget, I see, I remember, I do, I understand. This very saying has laid the foundation of the notion of learning by doing and you can say learning by experience. With the increase in significance and trust in education for acquiring 21st century skills. When it started to happen that we have to teach the 21st century's courses to the students, then the concept of experiential learning came back into the scene. So 21st century skills, what are they? Critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, information literacy, media literacy, technology literacy, leadership skills, social skills, social skills, etc. With the increase in significance and trust in education for acquiring 21st century skills, then experiential learning has gained momentum again in recent past. So over the years, the concept of experiential learning has gained momentum again. It has come in the form of a revolution. Therefore, we as educators must strive to invite the qualities and skills of the future in our learners. So what should we do? We as educators should try to invite the skills and qualities of the future in our learners. Rather than acquiring them to simply read and reproduce the text without using their learning process. Not that they just read and reproduce the text without using their learning process. This can help us benchmark our students' progress to the international standards of education. We will be able to do so by using our thinking skills. So we can attain the international benchmark in the field of education. The international level of education. And approach like experiential learning can surely bring about the required change in the competency level of Indian students. And they can be at the best level of the party. If we can do something like this, then we will be able to add the best students who want to reach the level of competency. So let's see some definitions to better understand this concept. So let's go to Krumphal. In 1944, the definition of Lewis and Williams came. In its simplest form, experiential learning means learning from experience or learning by doing. If you want to understand the experience and learning, then what is experiential learning? Experiential education first immerses learners in an experience and then encourages reflection about the experience to develop new skills, new attitudes and new ways of thinking. So what is experiential learning? Experiential learning first immerses in an experience. It envelops an experience. When it deepens in an experience, we try to reflect on the experiences that you have experienced, to know how you felt. In this way, you can develop new skills, new attitudes, and new ways of thinking. CBRD and J Wilson in 2006 tells us that experiential learning can be defined as a sense making process. means this is a process in which the sense is coming out of active engagement i.e. the mind is reflecting, the mind is experiencing, so what is the mind? Active engagement, i.e. like an active engager, it is engaging, actively between the inner world of the person and the outer world of the environment i.e. in our mind, i.e. we are thinking, understanding and in the outer world of the world, there is an active engagement between the two and the sense is coming out of it, okay? Then, Simon Fraser University in 2010 has said that if the strategic active engagement of students in opportunities will learn through doing and reflection on those activities which imparts them to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical endeavors in a multitude of settings inside and outside of the classroom, okay? i.e. it is a strategic, you can make it a strategic active engagement of the students, we are providing it so that they can learn through doing and reflection on the activities through which they will get strength and they will be able to use their theoretical knowledge in practical endeavors in a multitude of situations which they will get inside and outside of the classroom this definition has been given by Simon Fraser University in 2010 so what characteristics comes out of these definitions is that learning is best conceived as a process not in terms of outcomes, okay? The process of learning is more important because it gives the required experience to the learners because this process is more important because it gives the experience to the person then learning is a continuous process grounded in experience i.e. learning is the process of learning learning is a holistic process of adaptation to the world we learn to manipulate the world learning involves transactions between the person and the environment i.e. the transaction between the person and the environment is learning and learning is the process of creating knowledge i.e. the development of knowledge okay? then philosophical underpinnings i.e. i am sorry the concept of experiential learning this was given by David Gold so where did David Gold come from the concept of it? did the concept of abacue or abacue come from the concept of abacue did the concept of abacue come from the concept of abacue that is not the concept the philosophical foundation behind this concept is very old experiential learning is not anything which is entirely new to the academy world it is not something new to the education world rather it is based on the already existing popular philosophies of D.V. Heelvin and P.A.G. he is saying that John D.V. your current living and where P.A.G. already said based on that Gold's concept of experiential learning Gold has himself stated he himself has said that his work has found its roots his work, his research his findings his roots is in the philosophical pragmatism of D.V. in the social psychology theory of living and in the cognitive developmental generative epistemology of P.A.G. now since we know about D.V. we know about living and P.A.G. we know that we read D.V. in the pragmatism the theory of living is a social psychology theory and the cognitive development of P.A.G. which is known as the generative epistemology of P.A.G. so what is John D.V. what is John D.V. he said that every experience has found its place in social environment John D.V. were the ones who included the concept of social environment in learning he said that every experience is found in the social environment hence knowledge is socially constructed based on experiences which is known as social and it is common what did he say experiential learning theory is the resolution of the dual tensions of action and reflection and experience or extraction he said that because of the topological theory field space theory he said that there are many conflicts tension vector theory repulsion reaction in this theory resolution of the dual tensions action and reflection the experience and extraction of the dual tensions is the learning what is John D.V. he said that this theory of cognitive development in which he has also emphasized that learning is a life long process of discovering knowledge assimilation and accommodation of learning from experience and knowledge the learning which is known as the learning in which we search for knowledge through assimilation and accommodation we get more knowledge from experience and knowledge she said good when we talk about experiential learning we move towards the behaviorist approach we move towards the constructivist approach you can say that this is a paradigm shift from behaviorist to constructivist approach Paul Ofrede all of you know that Paul Ofrede is a pedagogy of the opposite he has talked about critical thinking he has talked about banking model in the banking concept of education what do they say in the banking concept the traditional model the behaviorist model they say what he does he makes the child a passive recipient and we keep filling it like the money is filled in the bank the information is filled in the bank he is sitting like a passive recipient neither he does anything wrong Paul Ofrede has proposed his banking concept of education in which he equalizes behaviorist model of education in which learners act as passive recipients of information provided by teachers that's it in contrast the constructivism what is that is viewed as the meaning making the constructivism it says that every individual every student he makes his meaning he makes his own meaning he makes his own meaning that offers an explanation of the nature of knowledge and how human beings learn this theory asserts that each individual constructs his or her knowledge based upon his or her previous knowledge and present level of instruction and environment including physical as well as social this theory says which constructivist theory says that every individual who is a student he does his own knowledge and how he does it the knowledge is based on the present level of instruction that is present the knowledge is found in the material and what he knows and in addition to the social environment in which he lives now there is a clear shift from teacher centered to learner centered approach when we talk about experiential learning automatically from teacher centered to learner shifted towards teacher centered road learning to deeper understanding memory level thinking to reflective level thinking how we are able to reflect the half of the world in educational scenarios due to emergence of experiential learning one more thing experiential learning is going on you may be thinking that experiential learning is only learning from experience but experience until our reflection only experiential learning experiential learning is not just feeling there is no experiential learning which means correcting of learning to realize situation on the contrary it is a theory that defines the cognitive process of learning and it asserts the importance of critical reflection in learning critical reflection that we will get experience and we will reflect reflection ok, a very famous example of experiential learning cycle they say that learner first gets concrete experience he gets experience, he does something or he gets an autograph that way he gives his observation gives a break, reviews, reflects on that experience then what he does is abstract conceptualization experience is concrete conceptualization is being extracted means he continues experimentation, he plans trying out what you have learned what he has learned he tries to try out in a similar condition this is experiential learning cycle they say that anyone can enter it is not necessary that we will start with concrete experience we can start with reflective observation we can start with abstract conceptualization but you have to do 4 steps then your experiential learning cycle will be complete ok look at this in words concrete experience is that learner cannot learn nearly by reading or observing we will not only learn from observations but we will reflect if learner reflects at this situation and then what we will do is learner creates theories to explain his experiences which is our reflection and then we will apply what he has learned this is the part of application level which we will use in other places but we will use it ok then there are also pole's learning styles as we are more famous in which visual, auditory, reading reading and kind of aesthetic pole has his own learning style he has said that diverging, assimilating converging and accommodating he is saying that he had concrete experience he was doing these things what he was doing in reflective observation what he was doing in abstract conceptualization what he was doing in thinking and what he was doing in active experimentation so what is diverging what is feeling what he is reading assimilating is thinking and what he is watching what is converging what is thinking and doing so thinking is done and accommodating is between doing and feeling meaning he has said 4 kinds of learning styles learning or diverging assimilating or converging assimilating or converging diverging or converging assimilating or accommodating so you will remember so what is diverging it emphasizes feel and watch meaning he feels and observes it emphasizes the innovative approach of doing things what he was doing in thinking he was thinking and practicing he was learning a number of different observations and thoughts into an integrated mode what he was doing in thinking meaning he was believing in this application part and accommodating feeling meaning he was doing students with this learning style use trial and error rather than thought and reflection okay now policy initiates that only about experiential learning in the air a lot of policies have initiated experiential learning is brought to the classroom for that your NCF 2005 UNESCO CBSC has initiated experiential learning what is NCF? first curriculum framework you know curriculum framework consists of clear and implementable policies on how the growth and progress of agitation is envisaged with the help of various tools like syllabus, textbooks, pedagogy, explain co-curricular activities etc the part diagram the framework it tells you how to study what syllabus will be what textbook will be used how many curricular co-curricular activities will be so NCF 2005 has put greater emphasis on designing tasks based learning experiences that challenge students thinking and encourage independent thought and action so NCF 2005 has given that in the classroom we have task based learning experiences based on students so that their thinking capacity can be enhanced UNESCO said UNESCO launched the teaching and learning for sustainable future as a program for United Nations decade of education for sustainable development in that they said TLSF means teaching and learning for a sustainable future teaching T for teaching L for learning S for sustainable F for future teaching and learning for a sustainable future program as a key approach to student learning for sustainable future for sustainable future for students under learning for experiential learning and CVSE has identified the transformation of the pedagogical processes of teaching learning in schools as a crucial intervention to make the students future ready the transformation is to be implemented by incorporating active and experiential learning besides strengthening other aspects of learning like arts and sports learning of educators and greater emphasis on education in life skills CVSE has a handbook they have made a lesson plan to teach experiential learning math science you can't teach every topic like this but if you teach 10 to 2 life long learning you will always remember so what are the benefits of this the benefit from this is that TLSF is a technology which is available in the field learning by experience is far more effective in long lasting if we learn from experience then we will have more time for self-motivation because we have to do it by ourselves so we will be self-motivated if we study well then we will be able to do well offers opportunities to students to think freely differently without losing their confidence if we teach children to think then we have created a way of life because we don't just think we get information and we just follow the command we don't think and development of reflective practice happens similarly if reflective practice happens then it is very good for throughout your life and we can say that experiential learning is very important in our future and it shouldn't be why does it accelerate learning it gives us a safe learning environment it fills the gap of theory and practice it shows a mindset change if you are studying then the child goes towards growth mindset engagement level increases it is exceptionally effective for retention and personalised learning gives strength so how can we conclude that definitely the classrooms which are based on the principles of experiential learning models are the future of our education system but this is not as easy as it is shown there must be all together changing the role for experiential learning scenario we have to change the role of teachers teachers have to create such conditions in the classrooms so that students can gain fruitful experiences and they can reflect over there to produce generalisation and ultimately create knowledge which can apply in real life situations that means we have to first have to learn a lot then we have to learn a lot then we have to generate theory then we have to generate knowledge and then we have to learn a lot then experiential learning cycle is complete hence experiential learning classrooms require the role of instructors and facilitators or moderators in place of information providers for creating situations for fruitful experiences for students in a nutshell it is the demand of the present knowledge society that our future classrooms will be governed by experiential learning take care the experiential learning David you have taken 4 stages of his learning 4 learning styles you have also told the theory based behaviorist to construct the best approach and it is good so thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education I have done for myself