 Good evening aspirants, I have an important announcement to make. 2023 prelims is fast approaching, there is only 5 more months. If you are serious about boosting your prelim score, make use of the pre-storming by Shankar Ace Academy. The next batch of pre-storming is starting today, the registration link for pre-storming is provided in the description below. Now let's get back into the Indonesia analysis by Shankar Ace Academy for the 14th of December 2022, displayed here are the list of news articles we will be going through today. Now without wasting time, let's get into the discussion. Look at this editorial article, this editorial article talks about the gradually moderating inflation rates in the economy. We all know how the pandemic affected the global economy as a whole, and obviously India is not an exception, right? We saw price hikes during the pandemic. The author here talks about how the prices are again moderating to a normal level. Further, to get a deeper understanding of this news article, we will start by understanding what inflation is all about. In simple terms, inflation is nothing but the raise in prices of most goods and services that we use daily. It is basically the average price raise of a basket of commodities. Here you should know the opposite of this phenomena, which is deflation. In deflation, the price starts decreasing. This is the basic about inflation and deflation. In India, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation measures inflation. We also practice something called as inflation targeting, which is done by the RBI. This simply means RBI is tasked with the role of keeping inflation rates in check. The central government usually notifies the target and it is currently set at 4% consumer price index inflation. The upper tolerance limit is at 6% and the lower tolerance limit is at 2%. Note that RBI targets CPA and not wholesale price index or WPI. The WPI is the general change in price level at the wholesale market. And CPA is the change in price level in the goods and services of common use, mostly in the last stage of transaction that is in the retail market. From the film's perspective, we should know the difference between CPA and WPI. And another concept that we should learn about is the headline inflation and core inflation. We know that the prices of food and fuel are too volatile, so a small change in price of these two commodities would seriously affect the rate of inflation. The headline inflation is the normal inflation rate that is traditionally targeted by the RBI. In the basket of commodities that are used to calculate this inflation rate, if we take out food and the fuel component, it brings out the core price inflation. In simple terms, core inflation is headline inflation minus food and fuel inflation. The author here mentioned about something called as sticky inflation. Let's learn about that as well. Sticky inflation is a condition where there is a combination of stubbornly high inflation and often stagnant growth. Normally, what does the RBI do when the inflation in the economy is increasing? It will increase the policy rates. This move normally will suck out the excess money supply in the economy. When the money supply decreases, then the demand will decrease, which will bring down inflation. But you have to note here that this method only brings down demand pull inflation. In some cases, there might be inflation due to cost push factors. In such a case, the increase in policy rate by RBI does not result in decreasing the inflation. This kind of inflation is only called as sticky inflation. Sticky inflation usually occurs not due to increase in demand in the economy, but due to increase in raw material and labor cost. So basically sticky inflation is cost push inflation that is immune to the inflation control measures of the RBI. So this is the basic about sticky inflation. No coming back to the editorial. At the end of the editorial, the author suggests some measures to ensure that inflation stays in check in the future also. The author suggests that the government must take steps to control inflation along with the RBI. Right now, RBI is controlling inflation by increasing the reporate. When reporate keeps on increasing, borrowing becomes costly. This brings down private investment and economic growth of our country. So in addition to RBI, if the government also through its fiscal policy tries to control inflation, it will have long term positive impacts in the economy. For example, currently in the global market, crude oil prices have come down. But we consumers are still paying the same price for our fuel. Government must take steps so that the fall in crude oil prices in the global market reflects for our consumers also. This move of the government will bring down inflation. So basically, the author suggests that both the RBI and the government must act hand in hand to control inflation in our economy. So that's all regarding this editorial. In this discussion, we saw the basics about inflation, deflation. We saw the difference between headline inflation and core inflation. We also saw the difference between CPA and WPA. Then we saw the basics about sticky inflation. And finally, we saw the steps suggested by the author to control inflation in the long run. So that's all regarding this discussion. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Now look at this article. It says that the apportion members were denied the opportunity to seek clarifications regarding the India-China standoff. So the apportion members reminded the Modi government about the 1962 India-China war. It was said that during the 1962 war, parliament discussed the incursions at length. Even the then Prime Minister, Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru, he rejected outrightly the idea of holding a secret session at that time. And this is about the news article given here. In this context, let us briefly see about the Sino-India war of 1962. And we will also understand about what is this secret session. First of all, let us take the Sino-India war. China got its independence in the year 1947 and the People's Republic of China was formed in the year 1949. At that time, Indian government was maintaining a cordial relationship with China. The first sign of discord between India and China came in the year 1950. It was when China invaded Tibet. The disagreement is because India supported Tibet and India proposed negotiations. The second issue is with regards to the borders. China started to deploy troops near the border area. India now had to contend China in its northern and eastern borders, that is near Akshay-Chin region and the Arunachal Pradesh region respectively. After this, India entered into the Panchashil agreement with China in the year 1954. This is called as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. This was done in hope to put an end to the Chinese provocation. But what happened? On the contrary, in the year 1957, China illegally occupied the Akshay-Chin region and completed construction of their western highway through it. So to counter continued Chinese aggression, India started the policy of establishing series of small posts along its northern and eastern borders with China. This is done to prevent further Chinese incursions into India's territory. And this is only called as forward policy. But the problem is that most posts were not capable of giving a fight and they were logistically unsustainable. So various conflict and military incidents between China and India happened throughout the summer of 1962. On October 20, 1962, China's People's Liberation Army invaded India in Ladakh and across the McMohon line in the Arunachal Pradesh region. So this is the crux about the Sino-India war of 1962. Now coming back to the article. In the article, I mentioned about a term called secret sitting, right? Now in our discussion, we will see about this secret sitting. As the name suggests, secret sitting means sitting happening in secrecy. If the leader of the house makes a request for secret sitting, then the speaker will fix a day or part of the sitting of the house in secret. Now on the side note, interested aspirants can post in the comment section who is the leader of the house in Lokshabha, okay? Now coming back, when the house sits in secret, no stranger will be permitted to be present in the chamber, lobby or gallery of the parliament. But the members of the council, that is the Rajeshabha, may be present in their gallery. Apart from the members of the Rajeshabha, persons who are authorized by the speaker may also be present in the chamber, lobby or gallery of the city. So this is about the term secret sitting. So that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the basics about Sino-India war of 1962. In addition to this, we saw the details about the term secret sitting. So with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Look at this op-ed article, this article talks about the urban-rural manufacturing shift. The author of this article says that this shift has both advantages and challenges. So in this article discussion, let us understand what is urban-rural manufacturing shift, the reason for such a shift and the challenges associated with it. First what is urban-rural manufacturing shift? That by this term, the author is referring to a trending India's manufacturing sector where employment and manufacturing activities are moving from large cities to smaller towns and rural areas. This phenomenon is evident from the report released a decade ago. The report was released by the World Bank and its title is India's manufacturing sector moving away from cities, policy research working paper. See you can note this down and use it in your main censor as a value addition, okay? Now let us see the reasons for the movement of the manufacturing sector from urban to rural areas. The first reason is the factory floor space supply constraints. Let me explain. Whenever a factory decides to replace labor by machinery, they need to expand the floor space of the factory. But the issue here is when the factory is located in urban area, it cannot expand easily as the urban areas are usually constructed. So this factor does not allow the factory to expand like it can do in the rural areas. We can say that increased capital intensity of the production is one of the reasons for the factories to move from urban to rural areas. Here capital intensive refers to the production process that requires higher percentage of investment in fixed capitals like buildings and machines. In capital intensive sector, they invest more in capital assets to increase productivity and profit. Opposite to capital intensive is labor intensive. If a sector is labor intensive, they invest more in labor like training and upskilling. So this is the first reason for the factories to move from urban to rural areas. Moving on to the second reason, the second reason is production cost differentials. See many firms experience substantial higher operating cost in cities when compared to rural areas. Usually cost of living is also much higher in cities than in rural areas. So this is one of the reasons that is pushing factories from urban areas towards rural areas. The third reason is the possibility of capital restructuring. The large multi plant corporations will have a tendency for increasingly accumulating capital and centralizing their operation. In order to do that, these big corporations deliberately shift their production from cities to rural areas. Why are they doing so? They are doing so to take the advantage of less skilled, less unionized and less costly rural labor which is not present in cities. So just to exploit this, that is low cost labor, the big corporations are moving from the urban area to rural area. So these are the three reasons why manufacturing sector is moving from India's urban areas to rural areas. See one of the main advantage of this trend is, this trend will help in industrializing the rural areas of India. See in India after the LPG reforms, the contribution of agriculture to our economy has been declining. But on the other hand, agriculture continues to employ most number of Indians in our country. So what we have to do is, we have to reduce the employment provided by agriculture and move them to the manufacturing sector. And this trend of moving factories from urban areas to rural areas will provide additional job in the rural areas which will ease the transition of the labor from agriculture to manufacturing. Ok, in addition to this, it will also industrialize the rural areas. This is one of the major advantage of the urban to rural manufacturing shift. See, this shift also has some challenges associated with it. Let us see them one by one. The first challenge is cost of capital, we saw that factories move from urban areas to rural areas to take advantage of the low cost labor and lower rent. And this advantage is compensated or negated by higher cost of capital. Because in rural areas, borrowing is very difficult and to borrow, they have to pay more interest. So the cost the factories save by low cost labor and lower rent is compensated by the higher cost of capital. This is the first challenge associated with the urban to rural manufacturing shift. Moving on to the second challenge, the second challenge is related to the skill shortage in rural areas. We know that the present day high technology global new economy needs highly skilled workers. Manufacturers who depend only on low wage workers simply cannot sustain their competitive edge for a longer period as their cost advantage might vanish over time. So the low skilled labor or the shortage of skilled labor in the rural areas is the second challenge associated with the urban to rural manufacturing shift. So to conclude, to actually realize the potential of rural areas are more educated and skilled rural workforce is required. If such a thing is ensured, then the factories can enjoy the comparative advantage of lower wages, higher reliability and increased productivity. This in turn will fasten the transition of our rural economy from agriculture to high paying manufacturing sector. So that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion is very relevant for your GS3 main paper. So see the points that we discussed very carefully. Here we discussed the reasons for urban to rural manufacturing shift, the advantage of this shift and the challenges associated with the shift. So make note of all the points we discussed. So with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Have a look at this editorial article. This editorial article talks about the Wildlife Protection Amendment Bill 2021. Recently, this amendment bill was passed by both Lokshaba and Rajeshaba. So in this editorial discussion, we will see some of the major changes made by the amendment and also we will see the significance of the amendment and the issues associated with the amendment. This is the plan for this discussion. Before getting into the discussion, I have highlighted the syllabus regarding this discussion. You can go through it. The Wildlife Protection Amendment Bill 2021 was introduced in Lokshaba by the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The bill amends the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. We know that the Act regulates the protection of wild animals, birds and plants. And the 2021 amendment seeks to increase the species protected under the Act. Also, this amendment seeks to implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, that is, CITES. Here CITES is an international agreement signed between governments in 1973. And CITES tries to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten the species, okay? Now let us see the major changes made by the amendment. Firstly, take CITES. Under CITES, plants and animal specimens are classified into three categories, which we call it as appendices. And this is based on the threat to their extension. The Convention requires countries to regulate the trade of all the listed specimens through permits. Then it also seeks to regulate the possession of live animal specimens. So this amendment seeks to implement these provisions of CITES, okay? This is the first major change made by the 2021 amendment. Secondly, the amendment rationalizes the schedules. See, previously the 1972 Act had six schedules, that is, one for specially protected plants, four for specially protected animals and one for vermin species. And here vermin refers to animals that carry disease and destroy food, okay? What the amendment does is it reduces the total number of schedules to four. This is done by reducing the number of schedules for specially protected animals to two. Then it also removed the schedule for vermin species. And instead of that, it inserted a new schedule for the specimens listed in the appendices under CITES. This is the second major change. Thirdly, the amendment implements the obligations under CITES. The amendment provides for the central government to designate different authorities for different purposes. First is the management authority. Management authority is to grant, export or import permits for trade of specimens. Second is the scientific authority. It gives advices related to impacts on the survival of the species that are being traded, okay? Every person engaged in trade of scheduled specimens must report the details of the transaction to the management authority. The authority can use an identification mark for a specimen. Also, no one can modify or remove the identification mark on the specimen. Additionally, persons possessing live specimens of scheduled animals must obtain a registration certificate from the management authority. So, these are the two different authorities established by the recent amendment. And this is in obligation to CITES. Moving on to the next major change. It is in regards to invasive alien species. The amendment empowers the central government to regulate or prohibit the import, trade, possession and proliferation of invasive alien species. Here, invasive alien species refers to plant or animal species which are not native to the home country. And in our case, it is India. And the introduction of these kinds of invasive species may adversely impact the wildlife and its habitat. So, the central government, after the amendment, may authorize an officer to cease and dispose of the invasive alien species, okay? Now, moving on to the next major change. This is regarding the control of sanctuaries. Earlier, that is according to the 1972 act, the chief wildlife warden is interested with the control, management and the maintenance of all the sanctuaries in a state. And the chief wildlife warden is appointed by the state government. What the amendment addresses, it specifies that the actions of the chief wildlife warden must be in accordance with the management plans of the sanctuary. And these plans must be prepared as per the guidelines of the central government. And it should be approved by the chief warden. Then, for sanctuaries falling under special areas, the management plan must be prepared after due consultation with the concerned Gram Sabha, okay? Here, special areas include scheduled areas or areas where scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers act 2006 is applicable, okay? These scheduled areas are economically backward areas with the predominantly tribal population notified under the fifth schedule of the constitution, okay? So, basically earlier, it is the state government that had major say in the control of sanctuaries. Now, the central government is indirectly controlling the chief wildlife warden by making him stick to the management plan proposed for each sanctuary, okay? This is the fifth major change. Moving on, the next major change is regarding the conservation resource. See, before the amendment, it is the state government that can declare areas adjacent to National Park and wildlife sanctuaries as conservation resource. But after the amendment, the central government can also notify conservation resource near national parks and sanctuaries. The next major change is regarding the surrender of captive animals. The amendment provides for a person to voluntarily surrender any captive animals or animal products to the chief wildlife warden. Here, you have to note that no compensation will be paid to the person for surrendering such specimen. And the surrendered specimen becomes the property of the state government. The last major change is in regards to penalties. The 1972 act also provided imprisonment and penalties for violation of the act. What the amendment did is it increased the penalties for violations of the act. So, these are all the major changes made by the 2021 amendment to the Wildlife Protection Act. Now, let us see the significance of these amendments. First is, through the amendment, our government is trying to merge the national law with the international law. This will enable our country to curb illegal trade of wild species. Second major significance is that by increasing the penalties provided for the offenses committed under Wildlife Protection Act, the government is signaling that the government will not tolerate further crimes against wildlife. The third major significance is that by making the amendment, our government is signaling that community participation is necessary for the conservation of wildlife. How it is doing so? It is doing so by involving gram sabers in making conservation plans in the scheduled areas. So, through this, the government is signaling that it is community participation that is one of the major requirement for the conservation of wildlife in our country. The last major significance of the amendment is regarding to invasive species. While discussing, we saw that the government can designate an officer who is specifically appointed to seize and dispose invasive alien species. So, these are all the four major significance of the 2021 amendment to the Wildlife Protection Act. The amendment is not without its fair share of issues. Now, let us see some of the issues with the amendment. The first issue is regarding penalties. We saw that the government has increased the penalties for violations under the Wildlife Protection Act. But the problem is there is no proper policing. The bill does not mention how the penalties will be implemented and how the policing will be done to implement the penalties. So, there is a void in the recent amendment. This is the first issue. The second issue is regarding forest raids. See, the 1972 act criminalized collective forest raids like fishing. And we know that collective forest raids like fishing forms one of the important part of subsistence of tribal communities. But this recent amendment also did not make any changes regarding this. After this amendment also, raids like fishing by scheduled tribes remains a criminal offense under the Wildlife Protection Act. So, this is the second major issue. These are the two major issues associated with the recent amendment. So, that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw some of the major changes proposed by the 2021 amendment. Then we saw some of the significance and the issues associated with the amendment. I hope this discussion was useful. Now, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Look at this article here. This article talks about the sixth schedule of the Constitution. On August 5th, 2019, the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir was bifurcated into union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. This led to the removal of special status that was earlier granted to the unified Jammu and Kashmir. After the removal of special status, several political groups in Ladakh have been demanding that land, employment and cultural identity of Ladakh should be protected under the sixth schedule of the Constitution. To address this issue, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs was constituted. Later, the committee tabled a report in the Rajesh Saba. The report recommended that special status may be granted to the union territory of Ladakh by considering the developmental requirement of the tribal population. Responding to this report, the Home Ministry said that the main objective for inclusion of tribal population under 5th or the 6th schedule is to ensure their overall socio-economic development. And the ministry also highlighted that the developmental process in Ladakh has already started and also sufficient funds are being provided to Ladakh to meet their developmental requirements. So overall, the Home Ministry said that it is not necessary to provide special status to the union territory of Ladakh under 6th schedule. So this is about the news article. In this context, let us learn about the 6th schedule of the Indian Constitution. First of all, the provisions relating to the 6th schedule are provided under Article 244, Class 2 and Article 275, Class 1 of the Indian Constitution. The 6th schedule consists of provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Thirupura and Misoram, AM, TM. The 6th schedule provides for administration of certain tribal areas in these four states as autonomous districts and autonomous regions. So this is the basic introduction about the 6th schedule. Now moving on, we will see the powers of the governor under the 6th schedule. Under the provisions of the 6th schedule, the governor of the state is empowered to determine the area or areas as administrative units of the autonomous districts and autonomous regions. The governor has the power to create new autonomous district or region. The governor also has the power to alter the territorial jurisdiction or even alter the name of any autonomous districts or autonomous region. So these are the powers in regards to governor under the 6th schedule of the Constitution. Now moving on, let us see about the autonomous district councils and the regional councils. The 6th schedule has the provisions for the creation of autonomous district councils and regional councils in states which are placed under the 6th schedule. The councils are endowed with certain legislative, executive, judicial and financial powers. However, the administrative powers and functions of the district council and regional council differ from state to state. This is about the autonomous district council and regional council. Now let us see about the composition of the council. According to the 6th schedule, each autonomous district shall have a district council and the council shall consist of not more than 30 members. Among the 30 members, four are nominated by the governor while the rest are elected on the basis of adult franchise. Note one point here, there is one exception. That is, Bodo Land Territorial Council in Assam can have up to 46 members in the council. This is about the composition of the council. Now finally, let us see about the important powers of the councils. The 6th schedule confers certain executive, legislative and judicial powers to the district council. They have the autonomy to make laws for their land. The councils also have the power to manage their forest that are other than the reserved forest. Even the councils have the power to appoint traditional chiefs and headmen for their land. So this is about the powers of the district council. See, I have not covered every aspect of the 6th schedule due to the time limitation, but I have given a basic introduction and basic points about the 6th schedule. So in the future discussion, if the news article again appears, let us cover the 6th schedule in detail. So with this, let us conclude this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the issue in Ladakh and also some of the major provisions of the 6th schedule. So with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Look at this news article here. It speaks about District Disability Rehabilitation Centres, that is, DDRC. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment has said that so far, only 55 to 60 DDRCs have been made functional. But the target was to establish 269 centres in designated districts. So the committee advocated that the government should lay down a proper roadmap to establish District Disability Rehabilitation Centres in every district of the country as targeted. This is about the news article. So in this discussion today, let us learn about District Disability Rehabilitation Centres, that is DDRCs. The DDRC is a initiative by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It aims to facilitate comprehensive services to the persons with disabilities who are residing in the rural areas. The Rehabilitation Centres provides services like identification of persons with disabilities, then awareness generation, then early detection and also intervention. This is the basic about DDRC. Now let us talk about the administration of DDRC. The Rehabilitation Centres are run jointly by the district management team headed by the collector and a reputed NGO. Here the NGO is usually Indian Red Cross Society. The DDRC is a joint venture of central and state government. Here the role of the central government is to establish, initiate and implement the Rehabilitation Centres. The central government also provides funding for manpower contingencies and they also provide required equipment and coordination. Now coming to the role of the state government. The state government has to provide rent free well constructed buildings for the Rehabilitation Centres. Then the state government also provides support system to the centers like telephone facility, furniture, etc. The state government also monitors and coordinates the activities of the Rehabilitation Centres through the district management team. So that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw some important points about the district disability Rehabilitation Centres. With this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Have a look at this news article. This news article speaks about Sri Arbindo Ghosh. Yesterday our Prime Minister released a commemorative coin and postage stamp to mark the ongoing 150th birthday anniversary celebrations of Sri Arbindo Ghosh. In his virtual address, our Prime Minister hailed Sri Arbindo's life and work. He said that the modern thoughts, higher consciousness and uncompromising nationalism of Sri Arbindo should inspire India's leadership role in the world in greater measure. This is about the news article given here. In this context let us learn about the contributions of Sri Arbindo Ghosh in India's Immunerence Movement and we will also learn about some of the points related to Alipur bomb case. First let us see in brief about Sri Arbindo Ghosh. Arbindo Ghosh was born in 15th August 1872 in Kolkata. He was an Indian philosopher, poet and nationalist. When Arbindo was five years old, he was sent to a convent school at Darjali. Then after two years in 1879, Arbindo was sent to England along with his brothers for higher studies and he completed his schooling from St. Paul's in London. Then in the year 1890, Arbindo got admission into the University of Cambridge. To comply with the wishes of his father, Arbindo also applied for ICS while at Cambridge and he passed the Indian Civil Service examination with great merit in 1890. However, he failed in the horsemanship test and hence he was not allowed to enter the civil service of the Indian government. Then in 1893, Arbindo Ghosh returned to India. This is the brief about Sri Arbindo Ghosh. Now moving on, let us see about the contributions of Sri Arbindo Ghosh in India's Immunerence Movement. After returning to India, Arbindo became the vice-principal of State College in Baroda. Then in 1906, Arbindo resigned his job in the wake of partition of Bengal and he joined as a professor in the Bengal National College. From there, he became involved in the revolutionary movement against the British. Then from 1908, Arbindo Ghosh played a leading role in India's freedom struggle. He was one of the pioneers of the political awakening India. Arbindo functioned as the editor of English Daily Bandhe Mataram. In that, he openly advocated the boycott of British goods and British courts. Also, he asked the people to prepare themselves for passive resistance against the British. This is all about the contribution of Arbindo Ghosh in India's freedom struggle. Now moving on, let us see about the famous Alipur bomb case. In 1908, the British judge Kingsford had imposed severe sentences against Indian nationalists. This made anger amongst the Indian revolutionaries. Some revolutionaries, including Kudiram Bose and Perfulla Chakki, tried to kill the judge. They threw bomb at the judge Kingsford's horse carriage and the bomb lost its target and instead landed in another carriage and the bomb blast killed two British women. In that case, Arbindo was also arrested on charges of plotting and overseeing the attack. Then he was jailed in Alipur jail in the trail of Alipur bomb case, which lasted for over an year. Arbindo eventually was acquitted in 6th May 1909. The defense council of Arbindo was Chittaran Dandas, that is C.R. Das. Before he was acquitted, he was placed in the jail. During the jail term of Arbindo, his path of life was radically modified. He was influenced by spiritual experiences and relations. Due to various spiritual experiences, Arbindo devoted his life for service and liberation of the country. So this is about the Alipur bomb case. Okay, so that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the contribution of C. Arbindo Ghosh for India's freedom struggle and we also saw about the Alipur bomb case. Now let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Have a look at this news article. The news article says that 13 tribal settlements from Pillur and Palamalai forest areas in Coimbatore districts were recently accorded community forest rights. It was accorded after the forest area that they dwell and collect minor forest produce for generations were mapped using GPS based land survey. It was a year long process and it was the first case in the state where GPS based land survey was done to accord community forest rights to the forest dwellers. Okay, this is the crux of the news article given here. The community forest rights in India is provided under the Forest Rights Act 2006. So in this discussion, let us revise about this act. The Forest Rights Act 2006 recognizes the rights of the forest dwelling tribal communities and other traditional forest dwellers. This is to ensure their right on forest resource because these communities were dependent on these resources for a variety of needs like livelihood, habitation and other socio-cultural needs. This act recognizes the symbiotic relationship of the scheduled tribes with the forest. So it reflected the scheduled tribes dependence on the forest as well as their traditional wisdom regarding conservation of the forest. Now let us see the objectives of the act. Firstly, the act tries to undo the historical injustice that is committed on the forest dwelling communities. The second objective is the act tries to ensure land tenure, livelihood and food security to the forest dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. The third major objective is the act tries to strengthen the conservation regime of the forest. This is done by including the responsibilities and authority of forest right holders for sustainable use. Also, the conservation of biodiversity and maintenance of ecological balance is strengthened through this act. Now let us see the rights that are provided by this act. The act provided right to self-cultivation and habitation. These are usually regarded as individual rights. Then it provides community rights such as grazing, fishing and access to water bodies in forest. Then it provides habitat rights for particularly vulnerable tribal groups. Not only this, it ensures access to biodiversity and traditional seasonal resources. Then the act ensures the community right to intellectual property and traditional knowledge. And it also recognizes the traditional customary rights. It also provides the right to allocation of forest land for developmental purposes. This is mainly done to fulfill the basic infrastructural needs of the community. Then it also protects the tribal population from eviction without rehabilitation and settlement. Then the act envisages the Gram Sabha and rights holders the responsibility of conservation and protection of biodiversity, wildlife, forest, water resource and ecologically sensitive areas. Also, it gives them responsibility to stop any destructive practices affecting these resources or cultural or natural heritage of the tribals. So, the Gram Sabha is also a highly empowered body under the act because it enables a tribal population to have a decisive say in the determination of the local policies and schemes impacting them. So, we can conclude that this act empowers the forest dwellers to access and use forest resources in their traditional ways. Also, it envisages the forest dwellers and other communities dependent on forest the responsibility of protection, conservation and management of forest. Then it protects forest dwellers from unlawful evictions and provides basic development facilities to the community of forest dwellers to access facilities of education, health, nutrition and the infrastructure. So, that's all regarding this discussion. With this, let us conclude the news article discussion session and take up the practice problems questions. We have five practice problems questions. Let us see them one by one. Let us take up the first question. Three statements are given. We have to find the incorrect statements here. So, let us take up the first statement. WPI captures changes in the service prices. This statement is wrong. Actually, WPI, that is wholesale price index measures change in prices of goods only, okay? Moving on to the second statement. CPA is released by RBI. This statement is also incorrect because CPA, that is consumer price index is released by the NSO, that is National Statistical Office. Moving on to the third statement. Clothing and footwear is a component of WPI. This statement is also wrong. Actually, clothing and footwear is a component under CPA. Since all the three statements are incorrect and they are asking for the incorrect statements here, the correct answer here is option C123. Moving on to the second question. Two statements regarding secret sitting of the houses given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. The term secret sitting is found nowhere in the constitution of India. See, actually, this statement is incorrect because the term secret sitting is mentioned in the article 361A. This article is concerned with protection of publication of proceedings of parliament and state legislature. According to this article, no person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court. This protection is applicable only if true report of proceeding of either house of parliament or either house of state legislature are published in a newspaper. The article also says that if the publication is proved to have been made with malice, that is with wrong intention, then this protection will not be available to any person. Additionally, it says that nothing in this class shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of secret sitting of either house of the parliament or either house of the legislature of the state. So, the term secret sitting is mentioned in article 361A. But the definition and conditions are not given in the constitution. It is given in the rules of procedure of the house. So, statement one in essence is incorrect. Moving on to the second statement. Disclosure of proceedings or decisions of a secret sitting by any person in any manner shall be treated as a gross breach of privilege of the house. This statement is correct. In addition to this, you have to know that when the necessity for maintaining secrecy in secret sitting has ceased to exist and subject to the consent of the speaker, the leader of the house or any member may move a motion that the proceeding of the house during the secret sitting has no longer be treated as a secret. On adoption of such a motion, the secretary general of the house shall prepare a report of the proceeding of the secret sitting and publish it in such a manner as the speaker may direct. So, after this motion only, proceedings of the secret sitting will be published. Until then, only speaker decides how to make a report of the proceeding of secret sitting and no other person shall keep a note or record of the proceedings or decisions of the secret sitting. So, statement two is correct. So, the correct answer here is option B, two only. Moving on to the third question. Three statements regarding Shri Arabindu Ghosh is given, we have to find the correct statement. Let us take up the first statement. Arabindu Ghosh edited the English newspaper Bandhe Matram. This statement is correct. This we saw in our discussion itself. Moving on to the second statement. Arabindu Ghosh was arrested in the infamous Alipur bomb conspiracy case along with Kudiram Bose and Parfula Chakki. This statement is also correct. Moving on to the third statement. Arabindu Ghosh opposed the spiritual experience. Actually, this statement is incorrect because Arabindu Ghosh got influenced by the spiritual experiences and realization and he did not oppose it. Since they are asking for the correct statement, the correct answer here is option A, one and two only. Moving on to the fourth question. Here, two statements regarding sixth schedule is given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. It consists of provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in the states and unit territories of Assam, Mahalaya, Ladakh and Andhamaran Nicobar. This statement is incorrect. The sixth schedule consists of provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Mahalaya, Tirupura and Visoram, that is AMTM. So statement one is incorrect. Moving on to the second statement. Under the sixth schedule, the president of India is empowered to create a new autonomous region or district. This statement is also incorrect because in our discussion we saw that under the provision of sixth schedule, it is the governor of the state who is empowered to create a new autonomous district or region and not the president. Since both the statements are incorrect, the correct answer here is option D, neither one nor two. This is a quiz question for you. Interested aspirants can post the answer for this question in the comment section. The main questions based on today's discussion are displayed here. Interested aspirants can write the answers and post it in the comment section. If you like today's video, you can like, comment and share it with your friends. For more updates regarding UPSC preparation, subscribe to Shankara IS Academy's YouTube channel. Thank you.