 Thank you very much nice introduction. Good morning. Good up. Good morning, everyone It's really big pleasure to be here for me because when I was student in in France in Busan So I wanted to come to tours for for many times, but it didn't happen So now it's very nice to visit tour for the first time And thank I would like to thank also the organizers for giving me this opportunity to come here and to give a talk also on behalf of my Boss data she lingers at Indonesia of injury. So it's the next few 20 or 25 minutes or so. I when talked about the one hell from a livestock perspective and More particularly on the capacity and operationalization in the global south for one health Yeah, when I came here, I talked a bit about injury, but just for the information our institution is part of the Cgir system is basically 12 international Center for our country research for for developing countries and actually the headquarters in Montpellier in France Whereas in re is one of these 12 centers. We are based in Nairobi and Addis Ababa, but we have also some different office in different countries Okay, I just want to to make a few points due on in in this talk On the importance of livestock sector for food security and some of the health and environmental issue link to livestock production from one health perspective and discuss afterwards the one health capacity building and Operationalization in the in developing countries So you might have seen this before but as the discussion on the need of Animal sauce food so namely milk meat and eggs in particular is actually is very much rapidly Increasing in developing countries. So actually, you know, the terms of developing country or now is sometimes we refer to the global south Or low and middle-income countries kind of you know mix of these terms But you can see here that actually from the high income countries The the race of Livestock need and livestock product needs is actually quite stable in in the last column You can see here whereas in different other region in developing countries in particular Africa and Asia By 2030 you can see really rapidly growth in terms of demand for beef pork poultry milk and egg as well So this actually needs a lot of production in in this region and when you look Cut the density In terms of production in future, you know, most of this increase happening in the global south You know Africa Southeast Asia South Asia to meet the demand of this actually people in this country and When you look at the statistics, it's not very updated, but the trends in there is in fact, you know most of the Livestock production is in the hand of the small hunder For developing countries in the north, you know, it's about 10 to 20 percent. So, you know, of course in industrial livestock You know develop this very nicely But in developing countries for example where I come from Vietnam Southeast Asia and Africa for example about 70 percent Meat milk and egg are produced by the small hunder when we refer to small hunder. It means that you know, they have quite a small scale In in in their production system. So this is data from different organizations showing and that is on livestock side and recently with the pandemic we talk more and more about the bush myth and why meat consumption in different countries and From that perspective from a livestock research perspective, we also We are also dealing with that for example here. You look at the data in 2016 on for China Of course, it's after the pandemic China ban on this wildlife farming and animal why animal trade We are not sure what happening in the in reality between the policy and enforcement, but for example the Wildlife Farming industry in China is really huge. It's a business of 73 billion US dollar and it's employ also Many people in this country and this of course is a big business when you move to another country in Southeast Asia for example Vietnam, Laocambodia You also proportionally see this guy think and the consumption of wild meat animals in Southeast Asia and China is kind of you know kind of you know the high value Food compared to the food insecurity in Africa during COVID for example Many people poach and hunt wild animal for food because they don't have food for that So it's come from different Perspective insist to but the point I want to make is in fact from a livestock point of view We have the livestock in the classic mean but but also you know the wildlife farming in different countries and consumption And of course you hear on so different type of challenges linked to livestock from health and environment for example In one way it proved by nutrition health and food security for people, but some of the health issue in particular Relevant to one health concept for example food safety Infection disease and AMR for example Edices link on the bad side of thing of livestock and you know our previous figure talking about one health in terms of non-combatical Non-combatical disease and obesity and also the environment perspective you talk a lot about climate change because some of the emission issue And it's mixed a little bit So it affects a bit the development of livestock between the north and the south and To remind you that you know many people in the south don't have access to animal source food or protein So actually the discussion is a bit have a lot of new units between the north where people eat too much meat in particular beef You know linking to climate change where in the south people should have the right to eat meat And and it's sometimes affected by this global discussion of Climate change Here I just want to address some of the lesson learned of the work we are working We are doing we have been doing in CGI in Henry But don't so in embracing also as a work of other people on the topic of livestock and the informal market So it's very much linked to the food safety, you know, you know, we really address treating food safety AMR and and so knows this and you know that you know most of the food in Developing country coming from the informal market or sometimes we call traditional market And when we move to the east in China and Southeast Asia we own so called the wet market depending on where we talked about And it's it's estimated about 80 to 90 percent of food for people in that area coming from informal market And we have challenge challenges in this type setting because the hygiene is not good. Sometimes infrastructure is not optimal So the safety food sometime is not Good over there and we need to address this thing and recently the report from WS show and the one bank showing that the burden of foodborne diseases is comparable to the big three in terms of Darley's loss You know namely HIV S tuberculosis and malaria So that's why you know the instruction to fund some of this research on food safety It's also important recently and in terms of economic loss. It's about a hundred billion US dollar loss per year due to the foodborne diseases and in this context, what do we do? Actually, we come up with the risk-based approach and also some intervention That is simple and social accept socially acceptable in this guy of environment So we conduct risk assessment to estimate the burden of health and economics of this foodborne diseases but really coming up with very practical and and simple Technology and training to change the behavior of different food actors along the value chain in particular Link to livestock people working at slaughterhouse and in the wet market and where they they are they have the critical Critical control point to control the safety of this thing and for that we work on the guy of simple technology To address this thing and sometimes you see there's a standard in this some of the country are not met By by by the food system over there It's traditionally if you take a pork or meat sample in the wet market You'll find the Sun Moon Ella a contamination prevalence is about 50% whereas we go here in France or developed countries So one to two percent so but the standard of the country with a one really To bring down this prevalence to zero and I think that is not realistic at all So we need this guy have been acceptable risk between these two and and with that we work on a different technology But also from a social a perspective for example here introducing the nuts To stimulate the chain of behavior both from the slaughterhouse and also the market level The second area we have work on is about antimicrobial resistance and of course, you know, it's very Interesting and promising to see the perspective in Europe European country You know you could bring down very much use of antibiotics in livestock and human health status here data showing that actually You are in on the right track to fight antibiotics resistance in in Europe whereas in developing countries the overuse of antibiotics in livestock and aqua can aqua country production for example is very prevalent in particular in Southeast Asia But you have on so the issue in Africa some area They don't have access to antibiotics for for this livestock So this guy a mix of ting but the bottom line here is in fact You know, you have quite high prevalence of infectious disease and also the access to drug Vet drugs is varies from one country to another and in particular the knowledge of farmers on AMR Is not there in most of the case But also the incentive for them to use antibiotics to push the pro-promotion of animals It's one of the key issue that we need to do to to to work on We have also as the issue of you know, low quality of antibiotics and also You know how people trust the local vet in Prescribing or seeking the support from local vet or not when the animal are sick So it's very it's really from one region to another and and in this gap areas You know, you don't we have very low of you know Kayap, you know biosecurity and and the environment and and dealing with AMR in in that area this very very challenging Next area is about Zoonotic disease or neglected tropical diseases and and the challenge here and so that you know Basically for some of these tropical neglected diseases when the country Increase the level of economic growth So automatically is infrastructure is also improved from Vietnam for example 20 years back We have we had a very high prevalence of sister psychosis and now our our studies show very low Less than 1% prevalence in quite remote area and it's linked very much on the improvement of sanitation system Thanks to the investment of government and also behavior change But this is been very challenging for many African countries and remote area We have solution in some of these things and I lie as the approach please Talk about environment before and actually very much from on my Previous work we refer to eco health approach. So so to something Certain complex health issue really we really need like one hell is part of the system approach We are we are working but we need really a guy integrated intervention You are not about in a vaccines not about drug alone But also in the same time investing on sanitation and water and also behavior change and only only in this way We can solve comprehensively Things related to neglected tropical diseases Another area linked to livestock is about emerging infectious diseases and here is this zoonotic disease in particular if Ali fever In Kenya in particular our colleague are working on it's really to look at different risk factor and also coming up with a vaccination strategy for For the country and recently, you know European are also concerned about if Ali fever I think that you develop a new program to fund if Ali fever work because There's a lot of transmission or in an increasing transmission of if Ali fever into you Because of the travelers from Africa and and and other countries and actually from our Perspective of livestock. We look at both from the wildlife and also from livestock to come up with the solution For example here. There are some trials of vaccines. It's not my area, but actually in Kenya. We have a range we have a pack of 13,000 heads up where that can offer very good interface between animal wildlife Livestock human and environment to test different type of vaccines and also studying on interaction of different groups Human and animals in in that areas and Finally here in the context of COVID-19 pandemic We did some research to look at the impact of COVID-19 on food system in particular in on in in developing country for example the capacity of purchase of food and Reduction of income but also from a one-health perspective is quite interesting to see on so in Developing countries that you know people are using animal health Facility system to do more testing of COVID because public health system cannot really meet the demand of some of this country So we have portrait in Kenya funded by BMZ Germany For example where we have Kenyan government to analyze Something around 30,000 COVID samples during the pandemics and it's shown so nicely how animal health and public health People can work together to address some of this pandemic issue Now let let me move to a little bit on on on the perspective of future and how to address The one health from a livestock perspective here I would say that you know we are in one very glad to see the Open definition of one health recently developed by OLEP one health high-level express panel in 2021 and this is very much Approved and supported by by WSO FAO Why war and also would nap and joy to support the definition and it links a little bit to my question to To Chris in the Previous talk is about what is the one health here and and finally you see one health can be everything when you look at this A new definition it can be climate change. It can be obesity can be environmental health And of course each of us here it looks to me that this is the first One health conference or meeting I saw Many people from medical sites to come because usually when I we go to one health conference For example, it's very much dominated by by vet people. So so can you raise your hand if you are from animal health or veterinarians? Okay, you know not many can you raise your hand if you are more from medical science side of thing you see It's really 50 50 very good very good proportion here But you know, we can position our cell bones so in from a perspective of the interest of the institution and and about The work we are doing so so from that point of view in the other Livestock research Institute we develop the one health strategy where we position What is one health first and what type one health work we can do and of course we can come up with the quiet last first Vision, but the key teams areas We can address from from injury and CGI is really on epidemics and pandemics caused by emerging Viruses we work on under mixed zoonosis Because it's very much with the poor people as a football diseases I mentioned before and anti-microbial resistance AMR and the way we do is really coming up With three main pillars on technical is more on the research side of thing But more and more we look at the policy and the institutional setup of one health because at the end of the day You know with a lot of research night research We show how to bring it to make one have happened on the crowd to change the life of people and We are having a few Initiatives at the moment to address this one hell in the new context Actually, we we have at the moment one CGI initiative on one health So I have a pleasure to lead and call it this is our colleague from from e-pre international food policy research Institute To protect human health by improving the detection Prevention and control of zoonosis football diseases and AMR in developing countries. So it is actually a global project we work in seven countries so three in Asia Vietnam Bangladesh India and in Africa we work in Uganda Ethiopia Kenya and Cody what you see as the three main pillars is really to reduce the disease emissions and transmission of Zoonotic diseases football diseases and AMR Sky up in our main pillar one hell we refer to as you can see here But also we add a quite interesting component to look at the economics governance and behavior One health as I said before we need to identify the barriers of You know that That's that prevent up from applying this one hell at the institutional and government level and also the environmental Looking at what the issue Another set of project is and this is very much focusing on Africa. We have a set of project funded by Germany and and OECPS from EU Looking at the research on one hell for Africa But in the same time Transmitting the capacity of the government and one hell practitioners in in Africa here We have a one health center in Africa looking at the capacity building in different countries on neglected Zoonotic diseases emerging facial disease food safety in formal market and AMR and recently the cohesa Projects standing for capacity day team one hell in eastern and southern Africa looking at the More on the operational aspect of one health in 11 countries in Africa and to do that I think that and our strengthening the national one hell platform or partnership is important We have some good examples for example Vietnam They develop the one hell partnership where they bring Ministry of Health Agriculture and environment to work together on one hell at the Ministry government level in Kenya They have the zoonotic disease unit where health and agriculture Ministries work together to control zoonotic disease But actually did it's very high level and I think that in a most of international Organization and research institute need to assist them to transcend the Interceptor of collaboration at national level that is important But also it's not about the high level of concerning capacity one hell alone You need to bring one hell on so on the ground and for that we develop different one health in size or lapsed at the Local level because you need to really bring local people from different perspective for example public health people animal health University but even students like many people are doing the master of one hell here to work together on a specific side to Make one hell happened we open the one hell site in Thailand last week But we develop on so other one hell site in southern and western of Kenya where we Have access to the lab in the field so that people can sample and treat and analyze some of the basic Analyzes in the ground and for some more advanced analysis you can send afterwards to the more advanced lab in different provinces the next thing is about Next generation of one health People of next generation and actually Chris already addresses very nicely I just want to bring the cup as a sample from Southeast Asia and Africa here USAID have been funding quite a bit Program on capacity building for university so we have Southeast Asia one hell university network in Contributed to that also and we develop curriculum We do develop training for students But also for lectured university and government people about the core competency of one health a core competency It's not about don't think this is AMR food safety But also the soft skins on behavior chain working together because intersector of collaboration is important in Africa We work also with university council for East Africa to develop curriculum on one hell on food safety that being applied also in different universities in such region And finally, I think that's a coordination of one hell is important in Africa You have many one-hell project for example our study showing you can see here hundred and hundred one-hell portrait in Africa But it looks like that the coordination is not very optimal there so that it cannot at the moment Keep very high impact. So coordination is so key for for one hell or in Southeast Asia You have on so many people organization working on one hell and I hope that we can coordinate better in Indifference region to work on that final slides I think From these things and I'll ask we are from research perspective We need to come up with more evidence on one hell and this is one of the report we developed together we would nap during the pandemics on preventing the next pandemics addressing the cause of Pandemics, but also the solution for that, but recently we launched Guide up, you know different reports to promote the investment in one hell because the developing countries You know that is really the place to apply and one hell problem come But investment is very limited and minimal and sometimes almost zero from their own country to do one hell is it in this country? Most of the resource coming from outside you can see in a different example So I think that we need to advocate more on investment to make the case of one health and here we launched a series of brief To invest how to show donors to show Government and also practitioner on our private sector how to invest in one help link to livestock in particular to ensure Different type of thing for example through food safety through AMR through zoonotic disease through environment But even on on gender and we need to translate this into the policy So we had some example we work we develop nicely one hell work on food safety We brought into the government government take up to develop new program to control food safety in Vietnam For example and to do that it's not about a medic or vet or politician But really the example to this really need to bring all these people together around the table So that is about one hell working together the example we work on Parasitic diseases in Laos where we could bring government people medical people vet but also scientific and school to discuss and this some Intervention that is a come across project funded by you implemented by sirat in particular in South East Asia Okay, it brings me to the end with some key message. I think that I know Livestock is important in ensuring the food security in our own in particular for developing countries But this represents some hell issue and challenges we need to do to address for livestock but also for wildlife farming and as a capacity Binding and Organization of one hell in developing country need to be done really from different levels regional country But also local level like I talked about the one health inside and one hell up and from a research perspective I think that we discussed this morning already We need to come up with the portfolio to address different perspective on research capacity binding But also engagement so stakeholder from different sectors to address one hell and hopefully we can Prepare better detect and respond to this challenge. Thank you very much for that Testing, okay So do we have any questions from the audience? Thank you so much for the talk there. I was really interesting. I really enjoyed the fact that you're talking about behavioral science and nudging and also the need for more investment and Educating people that this isn't a really important cause that needs to be addressed more one question that I had particularly it was about your point on lower middle-income countries when you said that Wild markets are in fact safer most you're saying then Supermarkets, and I was yeah, I'd like you to expand on that because wouldn't there be more regulation in super but in Supermarkets, okay So if you if I get the question when it's actually you want to know more about the owner of wet Market or traditional market. Yeah, why it would be safer because you're How I safer no no no it says the traditional market is not safer than Supermarket, but it's not always less safe than in than super market in different contexts some of the studies shown Show that in Africa and Southeast Asia You know some of the samples mid samples from supermarket Have the same level of contamination the bacteria or some time higher than the traditional market Wet market And you know this can be explained by the electric system There are many power cut in these type of places and you have a very you know fast turnover of Meat in in in traditional market You know they slaughter us and two or three hours after you know everything is sold So so so that is actually the balance between the two However, from a long-term perspective, we need to improve more as a hygiene and practice in in in traditional market Because we cannot close this you see the example of China to close some of the wet market because of the pandemic But but it is actually the place where people buy food and you know really reading on so livelihood for for many poor people So the boy is not too close, but how to manage better to in the same time You know having access to giving access to people and also make sure that's a social Benefit of this type group of people involved in in the wet market. Yeah, that makes sense. Thank you Just quickly. Do we have any questions from the online audience? Seems not any further questions from the audience quickly Thank you very much for the talk and I just had a question about Agricultural intent intensification that you briefly mentioned. Is there sometimes a tension between? Increased intensification with all the problems relating to infectious diseases and animal welfare versus I suppose more free-range Livestock farming that might solve some of those issues, but in risks encroaching on Natural ecosystems with risk of spillover events and so on and how do you navigate that? Yeah You see the lifestyle instantiation in particular or aquaculture Actually, it's linked very much to some of this one health issue and you know our Agricultural instantiation is in general is happening everywhere. I think that we cannot avoid it Even the graph I show on animal source food demand growing in different countries so So how to control it or how to manage it better in future is a big question And I think that you know studies currently shows that enough in terms of antibiotic use in livestock and aquaculture Farmer tend to use much more than needed and I think that we have an opportunity To reduce antibiotics use in that area a few years back It's a data estimate shows that you know to produce one kilogram big pork or chicken live with Southeast Asian countries use from hundred fifty to two hundred milligram of antibiotics Where whereas in the Danish Danish systems they use something like ten to twenty milligram. So it's a factor of ten Higher in Southeast Asia compared to European system So I think that I know we have an opportunity opportunity to reduce from that thing and it should come from Biosecurity it should come from behavior change and knowledge of farmers and also in particular. We need also a stronger Reinforcement system regulation in the country to control some of these things