 And then, Robert Singler, who many of you know, is the Director-General of EERY, the International Rice Research Institute, which is part of one of the flagship centres of CGAIR, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, which this year is marking its 50th anniversary for taken cutting-edge agricultural research and improved crop and production technologies through to the farm, at all levels internationally. A plant specialist in his own right with experience in the Congo and the Burundi, he's also worked and led programs with CGAIR Ciat in Colombia prior to leading EERY, which, as many of you know, is headquartered in the Philippines. For a long time happened this. Well, absolutely. I think when we look at your question of what has changed, I think the first thing that comes to my mind is what has not changed. That is that we still have the vast majority of the world's rice being supplied by very small farmers. We have 200 million rice farms in Asia alone. Now, in terms of what has been changing, I think this is extremely exciting from a research institute perspective. And that is we're seeing farmers having access to tools of communication, unlike they've ever had before. We've heard a number of speakers over the last couple of days repeatedly bring up the prevalence of cell phone technology. And I think that means of communication is something that will completely revolutionize small order production at a global level. We look at, we've heard a lot about seed production and how new seeds can revolutionize production systems around the world. Jeff Rakes mentioned some of our flood tolerant rice that's going out. But I think we have an opportunity now to see the whole way that rice farming and by extension other small holder agriculture is being managed to be changed. We see today technology that we're rolling out that will allow farmers to get real time information about what is the best fertilizer to apply on their fields, at what time and what populations. It's only a small step to then see how that with that information they can have access to credit and again credit coming through a cell phone. That access to credit will crack one of the most difficult nuts in development that we've had in developing countries over the past decades. Going beyond that the crop modeling, geographical information systems that are coming together that can be used in a real time way allow us to begin to imagine a crop insurance program that would allow farmers to participate in the credit markets in a way that would give them a level of power and decision making they haven't enjoyed before. And of course participating in markets in a way that they are have not traditionally been able to participate. That is empowering them with the price information that Mr. Page talked about. So I think that when we look at how things are changing for small holders around the world, I think we're on the tip of a revolution that we're just beginning to appreciate. We've heard a mantra over the last 20 years or so that the private sector can do everything. But the private sector can do an awful lot. But one of the things that it's not particularly good at is a lot of the innovative research that is pre-competitive. It actually goes out to creating a platform upon which new technologies, new products are built. I think we have to keep in mind that without a vibrant public sector research dimension to our whole overall food security strategy over the long run, we're going to run into trouble. Phil Pardee here at the University of Minnesota has done some outstanding work that's shown that a reduction, a dramatic reduction in investment in public sector research will show up as a drying up pipeline after only about 15 years. So you can have a short-term cut in public spending and research and not see the consequences of that for a decade or more, which is a very dangerous scenario when you put that sort of thing in the hands of politicians. Now I think, now having said that, there is a very important role for the private sector. This is someone who spent his entire life in the public sector. I'm seeing more and more that there is going to be a much more positive contribution by the private sector in its relationship with the public sector. I think there is a much more mature relationship that allows us now to enter into the kinds of partnerships that were unthinkable 10 or 15 years ago. Before Al Gore's movie came out, An Inconvenient Truth, I used to talk about a convenient convergence of this nexus of food security and climate change. And that is basically that addressing, and I think one of our speakers this morning alluded to this, that when you address the challenges that small holders, particularly rice farmers are facing, drought, floods, seawater intrusion, etc., that are becoming more of a concern because of climate change, you also address the needs that are directly affecting or challenges that are directly affecting farmers today. So I think it's not an either or kind of thing. And likewise when you look at the challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions, managed properly, economically, should be very attractive to farmers economically. So I think that by applying ourselves and looking at the challenges from the perspectives both of the farmers needs today, the needs of the environment tomorrow, and the challenges that we'll be facing farmers in the future, we have an opportunity to develop multiple wind solutions and multiple wind scenarios. And I'm extremely sympathetic with the European farmer who is instead of being allowed to take the best of technology and aggressively meet the demands of society, that same society is placing constraints on the farmers. And I hope that that doesn't happen in developing countries. My place is the flood-prone area. What is the research work on GM rice in Guinea? Since we have a variety of problems like biotic and symbiotic stress, we need saline, blood-toned, drought-toned variety, and other biotic-best disease and root problem, also things we need. Is there any research work going on in Guinea? Yes, in a word, yes, in precisely the areas you outlined, vast majority of that work uses tools of biotechnology, particularly marker-assisted selection. Very little of it, if any, is involving the use of transgenic or GMOs. We are moving these materials with our partners across Asia, in particular in South Asia and India, through various state governments, universities, and we are seeing them actually move into farmers' fields. In Tamil Nadu, looking at the partnership with the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, we expect to have these materials moving out and benefiting yourself and your colleagues in the rice fields over the next several years. Golden rice project? Golden rice is in its final stages. As we speak, it is being field-tested. We have transferred the pro-vitamin A capacity to the background of varieties that farmers know and like, for example, IR64, that you'll be sure you're familiar with. That's grown by many farmers in India, equally popular varieties in Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Philippines. An extensive network of relationships that we've built up over the last 50 years with civil society, NGOs, national research systems, and government agencies that allow us to receive a lot of direct feedback from farmers, exactly what they need, what they want, and equally importantly, how technology is working for them and how it's not working. I think that relationship has allowed us to guide the development of next-generation technologies. We started our agricultural development program. We announced a package of six grants. They totaled just over $300 million, and they were designed to help more than 5 million poor farming families in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia improve their lives. These grants span the agricultural value chain, much like what I described in our work with Heifer International in the East African Dairy Project, and they amount to a test case of our strategy. And I invite all of you to look at the foundation's website where we are tracking the progress of these grants. Two years in, these grants are having a direct impact on hundreds of thousands of farm families and are on track to reach their goals. And I want to give you just one example. We gave a grant to the International Rice Research Institute to develop a variety of rice that can tolerate submergence so that rice farmers aren't wiped out by floods. There you can see on the, just look at that, there you can see on the right-hand side the so-called sub-1 variety of rice that tolerates submergence next to the rice on the other side that you can't see because it has died underneath the water. Now by the end of this year, more than 400,000 farmers will be planting this variety. And by 2017, we projected 20 million farmers will benefit from it. And that is tangible progress. Smaller bolder in sustainability, sustainable agriculture, one of the very important methods by which they could ensure sustainability of agriculture was by genetic heterogeneity, bringing a number of varieties, mixed cropping, large number of varieties grown, what we now call land races, over 150,000 land races of rice varieties are available, and of them more than 100,000 are in the chain bank of the International Rice Research Institute. Farmers have always valued diversity, they are the great consumers. In the broad world of biodiversity, if you take agro-biodiversity, economically important crops and so on, agro-diversity is the product of interaction. Between biodiversity and cultural diversity on one hand, and biodiversity and culinary diversity on the other hand, the way in which we use the grains, the very lot. The second recipient of this year's Elaine Simoneak Intern Award is from Mount Vernon, Iowa. She completed her summer internship at the International Rice Research Institute in Bosporus, Philippines, and attends St. Olaf College. Ladies and gentlemen, please congratulate Lauren Schefter.