 This review selectively describes the recent progress in the interactions of proteins, enzymes, and short-chain peptides with graphene and graphene oxide, GO. Particularly, the advances of the immobilization mechanisms of enzymes on graphene and GO, the catalytic properties of the immobilized enzymes, and their applications are summarized in detail. The interfacings of the peptides with graphene and GO, the as-assembled conjugates, and their potential applications are discussed briefly. The possible ongoing development for the assembly of conjugates of graphene and GO with proteins and peptides in a controlled manner is speculated upon. This article was authored by Zhang Yan, Wu Zongyu, Guo Xiaowu, and others.