 Good morning. Welcome to the PLA. My name is Steve Irving. I'm from Southern Utah University. I am the Electronic Services Librarian at Southern Utah University. I'm Professor there. I teach Information Literacy. It's a class that all freshmen have to take on how to use libraries. We also have a library media program there, which is for our education students, where they can get a library endorsement on their education degrees, so I guess a little bit back up for them. And for that, I also teach technology and school libraries. I am the past chair of the ACRL Interluxual Freedom Committee, and I just came up last summer. I'm still a member on the committee, along with being a member of the Intellectual Freedom Roundtable. Oh, one thing that we're having with ACRL, the Intellectual Freedom Committee, and along with the two other committees, we're on the chopping block with ACRL. They're looking into the evidence and committees, so right now we're fighting to keep the ethics committee, Intellectual Freedom, and the third one is going blank, but there's three committees that are on the ACRL chopping block right now, and we have a task force that's hopefully going to save us, otherwise we might lose the next committee. Now, the Intellectual Freedom Committee as a whole under ALA is not in kind of chopping blocks and everything around, and I'll be talking a little bit later about intellectual freedom. That's something that's, I think, always going to be their pretty big part of ALA, but that's not going to disappear. It's just under ACRL, the Intellectual Freedom Committee might be out. What I'm going to talk about today is just some basics of intellectual freedom, how you can share with your patrons, how social media is affecting intellectual freedom, and again what you can do to help yourself and your patrons. So, we'll start off with some definitions. What is intellectual freedom? It is the right for every individual to seek both, to seek and receive information from all points of view without any restriction. It provides for free access to all the expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of the question cause or movement may be explored. And I got this from the ALA website. This is a great resource, the ALA Office of Intellectual Freedom. I got this cited here a few times. There are great resources for you on any questions you may have about intellectual freedom. And why is it important? It's the basis of our democratic system. We expect our people to be self-coveners, but to do so responsibly, our citizens must be well-informed, libraries must provide the ideas and information and it will give formats to allow people to perform themselves. So, we want to get full side to the argument too, not just one side, but give every possible view that the library can bring into their collection for their patrons. And so, it leads to basically intellectual freedom encompasses the freedom to hold, receive, and disseminate ideas. Intellectual freedom is a basic human right. And not only through in the United States, but according to the United Nations, everyone has the right for freedom of opinion and expression. This right is for freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek. And to seek, receive, and impart information ideas through any media, regardless of frontiers. So again, this is an international idea, not just something that is here in the United States. Some of the foundations of intellectual freedom, and again, we'll go back to the United States here, is firstly, our First Amendment. Congress shall make no law respecting the exception of religion, or forgiving the free exercise thereof, or bridging the freedom of speech, or press, or the right for people to peaceably assemble and petition the government, or redress the freedoms. Additionally, Fourth and Fifth Amendment also back up our right for intellectual freedom. So how does the First Amendment relate to our libraries? Libraries, academics, public, and rural, special libraries, anything that gets government funding are government agencies. Your collection development. Collection development, whatever your policy is, but it's basically asking you to provide a wide range of materials for a diversity of appeal for your population of your patrons. And most of it, as long as it has arts history and literary value. And it also deals with how we get book challenges, and censorship, and possibly banning the books in a library. Just a couple of quick little quotes here for our First Amendment. The first one is by Noam Chomsky. If we don't believe in the freedom of expression for people who despise, we don't believe in it at all. We're basically saying you need to accept everybody's beliefs if you agree with them or not. And Supreme Court Justice William Douglas, the restriction of fraud and free speech is the most dangerous of all subversions. It's the one un-American act that can mostly easily confuse us all. So what are some new challenges we are having to intellectual freedom in this world of social media? Digital content is easier to change or remove. A lot of items are being created digitally now. There's no book format and some items at all. And this is especially true of many of you who work in academic libraries. The databases is everything electronic. No means of having a fiscal. I know that some in Utah work down to less than 700 journals we have in print. We probably have over 20,000 journals online and 700 prints. So the balance does change you. Some examples of where content has been changed is Elsevier. They change content or new content as well as Google Books. They both removed it and their reason was that they were correcting errors. And in the past, correcting errors usually was the next edition of the book or they sent out a rada that you would get later on to correct. Also recently Huckleberry Thin was changed where the alert was taken out and it was replaced by Slave in the entire text of the book. Also with the creation of digital content, the doctrine of first sale is changing. When you bought a book, you could pretty much do anything you wanted with it except make a copy of it. That's the spirit of digital content. Harper Collins, a year ago or so, attempted to limit the number of uses. I think it was 26. That book was checked out 26 times. You had to buy another copy of it. But that was withdrawn after much complaining. And the Amazon Kindle, they had an issue with the book 1984. Without telling anybody, they removed it from everybody's copy of who had Kindle. And they had good reason to do it, but people were just a little bit scared of why that they could just do that, take a book away from you. So anybody who had a Kindle, if they refreshed their title list, 1984 disappeared. Now like I said, they had a good reason to do it. They didn't have the rights to sell that edition, but they were never informed. They didn't get a lawsuit over this. There was a student and a professor who sued them. The student hit them using the text and was able to put notes in his Kindle about the book. And then like I said, he woke up one morning and it was disappeared. They didn't get any money out of it. Kindle or Amazon, they gave $150,000 to a charity. And then they said, let's do it again. So I don't know how much they learned about that. Another thing that happened within our book challenges. So why are books challenged and or banned? First, books being challenged. That's where someone will come into your library and say, we'd like to have this book off for whatever reasons. If you read the top reasons I give down there below, they're either sexually explicit, they have offensive language, or they're unsuited to any age group. Being banned is if they've gone through the process and whatever committee you've created, you've agreed to remove that book. Does everybody here have a challenged policy in your library? I think you should have one just to go through it. I haven't done one in Utah, but when I lived in Arizona, I was on a public library asking me a few times to be on their committee, and I worked with two or three challenges and none of them were removed, but there is a full process that we had to go through. We had to read the book. We actually had a full questionnaire that we had to go to. And that's one of the main questions that the person asking for the challenge or the book to be banned. There was the first question on the book, have you read the book and it's entirety? Some people just read certain passages and say, I don't like that part of the book, get rid of it. So we did make the person read it, and we would have discussions with them, talk about it, but most people, some had read it, some didn't. The Office of Electric Freedom that does it on their website, they do give a list of the top 10 books, and every year they do get a report, or they do ask libraries to report all challenges so they can do this and give a list of them. They go back a week to about the year 2000, and I have given the top 10 of 2011 year. Some are new books, some have been around for a while. These are clearly current books, but on the second list here, we still got small classics on there, Brave New World, and she killed a monkey bird, we're still on the top 10 list, seeing the end of the year. One book that came off the top list, and it surprised me, is Harry Potter, that was always on the top 10 list for years, and I was surprised I had to see that list this year. So what do you do when you have a book that is challenged in a library? Before I make sure you have a policy in place, have procedures that you can go through, also have your collection development policy available. So your patron or a person doing the challenge can see what your process is, and your decision making processes, what you've looked. And I've also got a couple of things here, this Powerpoint will be available online, so I don't have to copy these down, but these are some great sites to, what you need to go through if you're going through that, the challenge process. And also contact the Office of Intellectual Freedom, they have a great website to help you out, and they actually are both free, and hopefully this video works. What you need to do is, you want to help report challenge, or if you need assistance with some challenges. What is privacy? Privacy is the right to be left alone, the most comprehensive right, and the right most valued by free people, according to Supreme Court Justice Louis Brams. And according to Oxford Humanist Dictionary, it's also the state for condition of being alone, undisturbed, or free from public attention, as a matter of choice for right, seclusion, freedom, or interference from intrusion. Privacy and confidentiality. In any library, either a physical or virtual library, the right to privacy is the right for an open inquiry without having the subject of one's interest examine or scrutinized by others. Confidentiality exists when a library is in possession of personally identifiable information about users and keeps the information private on their behalf. What I can say about Southern Utah, and I'm sure every library is different, for our checkout system, the only records we keep in the library of checkout is who currently has a book checked out and who has last checked out the book. Anything before that, the record is purged from the system on a daily basis. The only other records where they're like the name attached to an item is if there's a fine attached to it. And once that fine is paid or purged from the system, again, that checkout record disappears. We've never had any people come to our university asking for library records, but that's our policy, and I think most libraries are similar to that. There's 1974 Privacy Act. This was an act that has been around since, well, it's been in effect since 1975. And it's a code of fair information practices that attempts to regulate the collection in maintenance and dissemination of personal information by federal branches, but it's very vague. There are other rules out there. There's NOFA and other laws that deal with it, but it's a Patriot Act. Some of those are very vague, and a lot of them are still being challenged. I know ALA and the Office of Mental Freedom from right after Patriot Act was passed, they had some concerns with some parts about how the government could easily get any information at access from the library. Privacy laws that are relevant to libraries are library records. There is no federal law for protecting private records, but there are 48 states in the District County that do have specific laws, and the other two have an executive branch policy. Again, on the Office of Mental Freedom homepage, there is a link to every state and what their law is. In their own personal state, it is available on the Office of Mental Freedom. Google. Love them or hate them, they're out there, we use them. According to a 2011 Gallup poll, more than half the people surveyed said they're worried about the privacy issues with Google, yet 60% use it on a weekly basis. So we know that there's issues with their privacy, but we don't use that. I don't know if many of you pay attention or use Gmail, but you see the ads pop up, and it's always related to words that are in your email. Over in the pop bar there, they'll have those little pop-up ads, and that's how they make their money, so they use the key words that's in their email, so they're using your personal information to get a pop-up ad. First time I noticed this, it reminded me of the movie Blade Runner that came out a long time ago, and people just walking through the town, I don't know if you've seen the movie, but the ads were geared towards them. Just walking through the city and Blade Runner and saying, so-and-so, would you be interested in it? So kind of scary that they knew this 20, 30 years ago, and that's kind of the truth today. Some other personal issues that are ahead now is how people can hack into your accounts, especially with social media, Google and everything, and this article just came out in August. Gavon and his journalist for the Wired Magazine, and in the first paragraph of his article on this, is, in the case of one hour, my entire digital life was destroyed. First, my Google account was hacked, taken over, then deleted, then my Twitter account was compromised and used as a platform to broadcast racist and homophobic messages, and worst of all, my Apple Idea account was broken into and hackers used it to remotely erase all the data they got on his iPhone, his iPad, and his MacBook. Everything that he had was gone. And why did they do this? Or how was it done? All they had was his billing address and the last four digits of the inside credit card number. He accessed it all anywhere. And why was it done? They hacked it like his Twitter name and wanted to take it over. And I got a link here to the full article, but how he got the information, how he found out about this is, he actually was able to kind of, he somehow got a hold of it on his Twitter, he's the guy who had the account now. And he promised not to trust any chargers and he had to explain how he did it. And how do you know what who is? Is. That's where you can go see who owns the domain for websites. The guy also had a website. So he mentioned who it is. That's where you get the address for the forum. And then a website and also on who it is that he had the last four digits of his credit card number. So he was able to just go into those sites. The guy was able to call up Apple, get on e-changed and it was a pretty simple process for him to hack into his account and have some tired digital life taken over and destroyed. Library rule rights. These have been around since 1939. They've gone through revisions over the years and I could read and talk through them all the two of them. But this is our, based on our technologies, our bill of rights that we get comparable to the United States bill of rights. These are some basic rights that all libraries have. Books, in other words, books should be available to everybody. Libraries should provide materials, providing all points of view. Libraries should change censorship in all ways to provide information and enlightenment. Libraries should cooperate with all persons and groups concerned with constricting the enrichment of free discussions. So work with people who are trying to get your items removed. No one should be denied the use of the library and all libraries should have exhibit or meeting room spaces available to everyone. Again, this is adopted in 1939 and a few revisions have been made. The privacy in Web 2.0. Web 2.0 allows users to interact and collaborate with other social media downloads as creators of user-generated content. This has changed. Web 1.0 was basically static information on the websites and you just compare information and there was no interaction. Web 2.0 has changed that. It was coined in, I believe, 1999 by O'Reilly who comes up with the O'Reilly books and that's how websites have changed and constantly, still constantly evolving. And one thing I read that was kind of interesting is that when we first did all these websites where we signed up to, you had to sign up to be able to post a message or what have you, people got very creative with names. They would, you know, beany baby, 47, things like that. They used very creative names. They would really use their real names. But as you know now with Facebook and I think everybody's using their real names now. So that's one thing called changing and people are able to access more information because now you have the person's specific name instead of just calling someone beany baby. You have their first and last one where it's a lot easier to get their information. Social media. It's out there everywhere. These are just some of the ones that are out there and it's going to get bigger. Privacy in social media is just a contradiction of terms and one point I've seen a lot out there in one form or this or another. If you're not paying for it, if you're not a customer, you're the product being sold. So Facebook, Twitter, all those, those are all free access. So you're the product. You're not the customer there. And another interesting, I think I found the research is with the young people coming into the workforce. 37% of companies, research candidates via social networks. So they look you up on Facebook to see what you're posting. And it's something else to say about that. And whereas one in five job seekers over rejected employers who pay in social media. I think this is a contrast here where people are rejecting jobs, but people are finding information about them. And right now, there's only two states that have made a law against employers asking for your Facebook user name and password. And it's California and Maryland. Technically, all those states can ask you for your Facebook user name and password to log in and see your personal information. So who does see your information? And if you're a curator of information and say, I don't know who to answer this question. It's out there. It's on Facebook. All your personal information is out there. We all agree to the end user license agreements. But we don't know really who this curator of information who's taking care of it, who's protecting it. And so what other people are putting in mind is like I said, they're putting everything. They're putting their personal information as well not what your journals did. Complaints, adjudges of friends, state speech. And that's what happens to a lot of people on Facebook. They're not always posting bad things. But if you go out one night, a friend takes a picture of you, tags you in that picture, you're going to come up on search. And what can happen with all this? Again, identity theft will happen. There's cyber stalking, harassment, and people have lost jobs. They'll bring up, they'll post it on their Facebook accounts or other social media articles. This video just came out. I thought it was really interesting. I don't know if anybody has seen this one. But again, talk to you on the social media. And what else for all of us? Our life is out there on the internet. Thank you very much. So what can you do to protect yourself and your patients? Know the privacy policy of your social media sites. Read them before you agree to own them. And know that they're giving up. I know some of them are very long. I think apples is probably almost 45 pages. But I know someone did that. Richard Dreyfus actually does a leading court. So if you actually want to listen to Richard Dreyfus read the entire Apple agreement and you guys have time to prepare. Anticipate different questions and have a fair answer. So again, know your enemy. What are they going to be the major complaints against you so you can have some answers in hand. Try to be as prepared as much as you can. Don't judge the person. Just take the issue. Support your answers with a positive. If they are saying they have concerns, for example, they share a concern for your children but our approach is use facts. And if you don't have the answer, get back with them later. Do not reuse low term negative words. Someone says that focus much. Don't use that word. Just use a different word, a more positive word to give them an answer. Again, stand up points. And don't give out any extra information. Just stay with the question and don't give out anything additional which might be possible for them to work on later. If you're unavailable or if you can't speak from personal experience any truth will come. And just remember that nothing is really truly off the record. Nobody may say it's off the record. It probably isn't. When talking use some positive and non-verbal don't stand up there with your arms crossed or anything like that. And take the high road. And just stay on point. Libraries are one of the few institutions where we do enjoy credibility and goodwill and being honest and open will be the best way to promote the intellectual freedom. Oh, I figured it out. Okay, yes. You mentioned that you work at a university setting, what kind of challenges do you have? We have nine. Repeat the question, please. What kind of challenges do we have at the university level? I personally am, I've only been there two years and I don't know of any challenges we've had. I think academic libraries, excuse me, not as bad. I think public libraries and school libraries probably have the most challenges. I know some universities have challenges but it's not as probably as it is in public libraries and school libraries. We have more parents involved because it's adults at the university. What are things that people can do to protect their information when they're not the one that is posting it? Like you mentioned the photos on Facebook. What can people do to protect when other people post about it? You have to control that person. Really, it's hard to control how the people are saying about you out there so there's really nothing you can do if someone posts a pitch review or whatever. You can ask them to take it down but proactively, just hope you've got good friends and don't let your enemies take pictures if you look at posts about them. That's where you have to know the privacy settings of all the social media views and use them to your best advantage and filter as much as you can. I have a question about the statement you made about employers who ask for your login and your password for your Facebook. It's one thing to just go and look on somebody's site asking for the login and password which means they would have access to all your private messages and everything. I assume these are all private companies that ask for the decision like the government. I would think the government can't but I'm not sure. I know there's only the two states that they cannot do it. The articles I read they didn't say if they were government or private companies so I can't say for sure. I think we're giving an example even though it's the one of the jobs so they gave out that information. One example I read about was the potential candidate for a correctional officer's job but most of the others have big corporate jobs. Correction is official to get the person who is applying for it in order to be considered and be handed over. Thank you for coming today. Again I'll have this presentation here today. Thank you.