 Sarkophyte has a larger plastum than any other balanophoresia species, containing five genes not found in any other species, including the macagene. It also has five CIS-spliced introns, which are absent in all other balanophoresia species. Additionally, its protein-coding genes have a more biased codon usage than other balanophoresia species, with an increased number of in-frame tax stock codons. Furthermore, it has several structural rearrangements within its plastum, including a duplication event and a translocation event. These rearrangements suggest that Sarkophyte may be a sister group to balanophora, as opposed to being a sister group to the remaining balanophoresia species. This article was authored by Warren Kim, Thea Lawton-Sclagia, J. F. Bolin and others.