 to actually grow again through open standards over a network from again in 99-2000 when people were talking about search engines it was settled there were already they were there right we knew about Yahoo we knew about like us we knew about hotpot who was this small company that didn't even advertise in a year that everybody was having IPOs and advertising now it's one of the old long-in-the-tooth companies so we get innovation participation and culture and network information economy that facilitates rapid innovation through edge experimentation over open system with a new significant role for common space peer production and we're getting essentially diversity game we get we're getting the fact that with sufficiently low cost experimentation prototyping running growing as it were through open standards as you were saying earlier what you get is mass scale experimentation mass scale failure and occasional success and the failure is okay because you can try again and you're getting different types of players both market and non-market both young and more mature all are playing in this space and this is actually what you're also getting with regard to the network public sphere and systems of cultural expression but I won't talk about them now I want to push back very heavily on what was said this morning about not by by the vice president but by the first speaker on the criticality of knowing your appropriation your appropriability conditions what we see as an environment where change in complexity replace predictability and well-behaved change where innovation and growth are more important than efficiency or optimization concept of flow rather than stock scruffy adaptive learning systems with late binding design as opposed to tightly coupled slower moving optimized system all of these essentially make rough first approximations that can be experimented quickly enabling distributed innovation you see low cost invention prototyping deployment experimentation as I said cheap failure rapid learning an evolutionary process with high variation selective pressure and adaptation and this is independent of and cumulative to what I've been emphasizing a lot in the past the importance of social production generally and pure production in particular this is not data it's just me scratching on a paper but here but the basic idea is this the basic idea is that when you get the cost of innovation the cost of experimentation low enough and by low enough that means the capital that's distributed so that you actually have it anyway but it also means the financial and cultural that says it's okay if you've been bankrupt three times that means your experience as opposed to no it also means that if you have an idea and you go out you're not going to be sued under a non-compete agreement this is the classic set of studies from Annalycexanian in the 90s about