 Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to 45th module of Weber's view on legitimate authority. Today, we will discuss in a broad manner, which is about the legitimate authority. So, very first question comes in mind that, what are the types of authority? I mean, is that, isn't it that the structural authority, which is aligned by the hierarchy and which we call traditional hierarchy or traditional approach or a structure, which has a legitimate power and you have to work under it? No, it is possible that for an entrepreneurial approach or any other approach, we will have to look at the different sides of leadership. If you talk about authority, then sometimes your legal authority is that, you have a structure in the CEO and then your strategic level, your functional level, your operation level, that is, your top management, middle management, lower management. Similarly, if you go to the Qabayil, then the Qabayil has the leader of the Panchayat or the leader of the Qabayil. Similarly, if you look somewhere here, then there is a commissioner, deputy commissioner. So, these different powers, whether it is on the governance level, state level or organization level, then we call it legitimate authority. Okay, by the book we try to look at, one is legitimate authority. The other authority is the charismatic authority, charisma. Or the personality in which leadership is approached. And that legitimate authority also sometimes, I will not say that it is overruled, but usually legitimate personalities are followed by people. So, the ones who follow, they are removed from the common ambit. That is, people take it parallel to the government. Sometimes it happens that there is a religious and charismatic one. Or there is a social and charismatic one. Or in structures, in a particular structure, it is also called referential power. That is, its power is that it takes decency, it brings ease for people, it works. And people start understanding it in different ways. One is this. The other type of power is your by-defined power. That is, you give it by-cast color, creed, that kind of authority. But if we talk about legitimate authority, then it will be by-structured. Okay, what does an entrepreneur usually do? Usually, what I am going to give you an example is that normally it is charismatic. It is charismatic and then it moves towards legitimate authority. And it ultimately needs to be made legitimate authority because first it is a sole proprietor. Either it is a leader or it reshates something. And it brings people with its charismatic power with it. Not that it brings it with its hierarchical power. That is, it is not under any legal framework that you are an employee. Or it is not under employee-employer relationship. It is not under any money relationship. But it is a charisma, a leadership charisma because of which people come. The first sign of charismatic leader is that it is a promise. It takes decency, it takes decency quickly. If it is easy for people, it also gives benefits for people. And ultimately, it takes a stand for them. So, this is from charismatic personality. If we look at the chapter of entrepreneurs, you will see that there are moreover these charismatic personalities in entrepreneurs. Let's see what this legitimate authority is. To exercise the power, produce an enduring social order only if it manages to justify itself one. So, first very important thing is to justify itself only if it is able to secure certain minimum consent at least on the part of most socially important segments of the governed. This idea underlies a Weber concept of legitimate authority. So, legitimate authority obtained when the power of command is deemed valid, that is when persons subject to authority or might be the obedience or the ultimate obedience. You must have seen that there is nothing called ultimate obedience. Weber says that there is no ultimate obedience. There are different things in it. If we look at it, then you can now combine the structure and the text there. Now, consider legitimate authority that it describes three types. The first one is charismatic authority, the second one is legal authority and then a traditional authority. A traditional authority is that you go to any subject which has different authorities. If I tell you from a business point of view, let me tell you a little governmental structure, then there is something like MP1, MP2, MP3, there are some civil service cadres, some are your special cadres, some are your six cadres to nine cadres. Similarly, if you have different semi-government structures, different private structures, then the officiating structures are different, then according to their structures and their levels, your salary, your perks and privileges are defined. This is your traditional authority and then how many rules and regulations, rules and responsibility, how much you are responsible and how much traditional authority allows you to do this. The second is the legal authority. Legal authority means that the position you are sitting in, you have the legal capacity, what can you do? How much legal action can you take? For example, you have an interview with a company, if a man comes and he comes on a position, ad hoc basis, then legal does not allow him to take it out or question it or intervene in financial management. But if he does it, then he uses legal authority. So this is, what does legality allow you to do? As per the position, the third number is the charismatic leadership. It is also called referential. Sometimes it happens that if you look at the charismatic authority, sometimes it happens that the legal system and tradition are not in both. But you usually follow their opinions, their orders, their talks, people follow it in a completely different way. For example, if I give you an example of Iran, then the Ayatollah Khamanai or any parallel structure is considered to be their talk. If I give an example of Egypt, then the Shah-ul-Azar is parallel to the president. Similarly, in Theocracy, if I look at the Vatican City, then the Pope with the president is considered to be more powerful. Similarly, if your political, religious, governance, business, and if you take the biggest example in recent times, that Jack Ma, Jack Ma was doing business in China, he was spreading all over the world, he became such a big motivation speaker that his charismatic authority began to develop. So, but usually in China, there is no tradition that someone else should be born. But his charismatic authority began to develop, his words began to come true. So, entrepreneurs usually, better than their words, are recognized as their talk. So, I have discussed three types of authorities. We understood that legitimate authority will have to develop. If you have a charismatic authority, you are a entrepreneur, then you will have to develop a structure, and in the structure, you will have to get a hierarchical model, and in the hierarchical model as well, if you want to share good systems, good innovation, development with innovation, then you need to put horizontal linkages. So, you can create the ultimate, developed legitimate authority. So, this is how the Weber's idea of legitimate authority, we will discuss it more in the next module. Thank you.