 What inspires you to try for the civil services? Sir, besides job security. Sir, for me the prime motivation is job satisfaction. Sir, all of us have to go just look for motivation, not just salary. But for me, sir, the prime drive is working for the nation and what are you going to do to society? Okay. And do you think you possess the requisite qualities needed for being a successful civil servant? Yes. What are there? Sir, first and foremost, the leadership quality is not just leading, but working as a developer. Second is my determination and third is the ability for me to tackle the pressure situations. Okay. What about qualities like honesty, integrity, empathy of the world? Yes. Yes. These are also important policies. Yes. Okay. Yes, sir. What is the scope and ambit of right to life? Sir, right to life comes into article 21. That is the right fundamental right with the widest scope. It includes within it the right to health, the right to die as well as the right to life. So, how do you reconcile with death sentence when we have a right to death, a right to life? Yes. Sir, how do we justify death sentence? Sir, according to the Supreme Court, sir, the right to reasoning should be the norm and death sentence should be the exception. That is what the rarest of the rare. Yes. I am not on that. Yes. Since we have, I will say that I have a right to life. Yes. You cannot impose death sentence if it is unconstitutional. Can I say it? Sir, a person can make such an argument. But, however, sir, I mean, I think that the death sentence is there. Is the right to life absolute? Sir, there can be some limitations as well, sir. What is due process of law? Yes, sir. And the due process of law suggests that the law has been made by the government. Sir, as you said, the right can be taken away if it is under the due process of law. Okay, sir. Couch in a negative way, no person shall be deprived of his life. Just see. Yes, sir. You have a right to life. Yes, sir. Now, governor and president, what are the discretionary parts and why the tilt is more towards, more discretionary parts for the government? First, you tell us about the discretionary parts and then why the tilt. Sir, the first discretionary parts are that the, we have to, in general, both the president and governor to follow the advice of the council of ministers, but they can send the matter back for reconsideration. Along with that, sir, they sent a bill, an article, a dub triple one. The president has the veto powers as well. Along with, sir, if there is a parliamentary or legislative assembly in that matter as well. And so the reason for the discretionary power is that, sir, in our constitutional authority, sir, we have to have a nominal head as well. So, to maintain the balance and be stability in the court. There was some controversy with regard to governor's address in some states. Are you aware of that? To be specifically careful. Sir, there was a, but I'm not able to exactly devote myself. Okay. Extradition and deportation. What is the difference between these two terms? Sir, I can be really wrong on this. But, sir, extradition is under a treaty, where in its country A, under country A person has committed some crime. Then, and he is at country B. Is it a judicial process or an executive process? If there is a treaty that country can send the person back or there is a process. So, extradition, I think, sir, it is a judicial process and deportation is of the executive. And recently somebody was deported from the United Kingdom. Are you aware of something to do with cricket? Something what exactly? The ICT case. India, the last case. The last case if they had an international court of justice. What was the preliminary objection and why it was Pakistan? That's regarding the Indus quantity. No, no. The last one? Oh, yes sir. So, India wanted council access to pollution and the Pakistan and Buckingham was denied it. There was a preliminary objection because the ICT, what was it? Why, you know, there was two parts of that case. Did you follow that? Sir, I did, but the memories are a bit hazy. Is there something on the, with regard to international law and international affairs, international institutions? Yes, sir. The last DPSP, it's related to maintaining international peace and international peace and harmony. And with regard to law making, did we have some, one of the many of the lists? So, in the settings that you were talking about, Sir, in the union list, it's an union matter. Thank you. It is said that in international relations, there is no permanent friend or foe, but... National interest is permanent. But very permanent interest. Yes. Can you elaborate it with examples? Sir, national interest is the prime motivation of fulfilling foreign policies. So, one can take the instance of U.S. in this. So, during the Cold War, Soviet Union was its prime enemy, as suggested. And it had a sort of temporary understanding with China these days for some period. But today, as we see in context of trade wars, and there is an entire difference between the two countries, and even in the South China Sea, there are differences between them. In the Indian context? Sir, I'm trying to frame a good example, but... Is it the same with Russia? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Historically, in the initial years, we were a bit aversive of collaborating with U.S. But after the Cold War ended, sir, India has been going closer to the country. And Russia's relations have been on the steadfast, which are more cemented during the Cold War. Today, the relations are somewhat steady, but they are at the same level to some extent as our relations with the U.S. U.S. has a democratic government. We also have a democratic government. What are the basic differences between the two? Or they are the same? Sir, democracy and a political system will be the same because every person has one vote. But in the normative sense, the democracy can have differences. Sir, in the U.S., as it is a developed country, people tend to vote less. But in India, people have the right to vote less. No, I'm talking about the systems. The democratic systems. Sir, they follow a presidential form of government. And we follow a parliamentary form of government. But we also have a president. They also have a president. Sir, they have direct elections for the president. We have an indirect election. Our direct elections are for the parliament. Anything else? Sir... There are a lot of differences. I'm asking you to pick up that you can... Sir, there are the federal concepts. It's very much followed. Where the states have a lot of powers. Here we follow more of a concept of unitary government and some federal government with a lot of unitary features as well. How long can they just in the Supreme Court serve up to what age? In India? Sir, it is still 70 years. We're not sure. Okay, who can be waited just in the Supreme Court? Who is Elizabeth? Yes, sir. He should have been a high court judge. And long without a tenure of 5 years. Or should be a practising judge in the high court for at least 10 years. Or the president can even appoint an eminent jurist as well. So anybody can. If a lawyer who is working here can also be appointed? No sir, he could be a citizen of India. That's a very important aspect. Okay, we have opted for police also, isn't it? Yes. Sir, being in the civil service, I'm ready to join any service. So it's not that I'll skip any other service. I'm finding the IAS, IPS or IFSA. So any service you will do? Yes, any service. So you're giving these preferences only for the names sake? No sir, I'm already in service. These are not for names sake. I wanted to give the exam again. And for me sir, police are... What are the challenges to a policeman? So first, starting from the personal aspect, the biggest challenge is compromise in the personal life. So second is the entire... Compromise? So it's not a compromise but a trade-off is there because it's a very hectic job. So secondly, the problem is the entire police system which is there in India. So certain reforms are required which makes and the inadequate reforms service create challenges for the regular policemen to work at the ground level. And so thirdly, the political pressure also to some extent exists which makes functioning a bit difficult. So the police made independent of the executive? No sir, definitely not. Sir, some amount of accountability is also required. Inbuilt accountability system we built up in the system? Yes, of course it can be. Sir, for casting directives they suggested that the state security commission and national security commission should be performed and there is some states they have found so. But sir, more reforms are required in the function so that these bodies can properly function. Yes Nandini? Yes sir. I see that you are interested in following international relations. Yes sir. You've been participating in model UN competitions. Yes sir. IFS is right upon your list. Yes sir. What are you following particularly in international relations? Which areas interest you? Ma'am, firstly it is the neighborhood policy and more recently it has been the Afghanistan issue as well. And ma'am, secondly are there relations with the major powers like US, Russia and China. And thirdly, Middle East is also very much in need. And in the model UN, what did you talk about? Which? Ma'am, regarding the causes. Yes sir. Ma'am, the DTO MN which I attended, it was about the Uluzun debt crisis and the second MN which I listed. It was about the Syrian crisis at that time. Tell me about the Syrian crisis at today's time. Yes sir. It was at that time, not today. What is the situation? Ma'am, it is said that the Syrian civil war today is almost over. The last province of Syria that is Idlib, it is under pretension right now. Ma'am, the dispute is between Syria. It wants to capture control over it finally. But how it was since it touches Turkey and there is a huge humanitarian crisis committed. So Turkey is also very much apprehensive that what will be the future there. And Russia? And Russia is also there. Which side are these two countries on in the Syrian war? So Russia is in alliance with the Syrian government of Mosher-e-Razid. And Turkey is on the opposite camp. And recently Russia and Turkey have broken a kind of peace deal. They have to maintain peace over there, in Idlib. A 14 kilometre. Yes, they have called it off. Which they will jointly patrol. Yes sir. Any chances of success in the ceasefire being maintained? Ma'am, it is a very uncertain situation. Why? Ma'am, it is a very newspaper report. And the people at the ground level say that that the ceasefire will be there for a few weeks. But after a few months then again the Syrian government will start some sort of crisis. And the opposition forces also will be arrested. What was the Syrian crisis? It is a follow-up from a particular movement. Which are? Arab Spring. When did that start? I started in 2011 from Tunisia. Alright, now tell me. You talked about the neighbourhood policy. You are interested in it. What is India doing in its neighbourhood policy? Ma'am, in general... And has it been successful? Ma'am, first is that India has since for the past four or five years we are following the neighbourhood's first policy. Where the focus is on great engagement with the countries. We have extended LOCs to Bangladesh. We are also talking about maritime and defence cooperation with our neighbours. And Ma'am, as far as the success of this policy is concerned there are significant challenges as well. The biggest challenge is from Pakistan. And Ma'am, the even bigger challenge is that India faces competition from China in South India. Very good. But we already, even before this neighbourhood first policy we were already focusing on the neighbourhood through two regional organisations. Which ones? And first was the South. And we were also going for big steps as well. Why didn't they take off? I mean, what's the status today of South? And we mistake. Ma'am, it is said that South today is at almost a Samstill. And it's primarily because of India's tensions with Pakistan. Pakistan was deliberately going for stalling all the agreements which India was imposing. And Ma'am, as an alternative, India started to go for a South minus Pakistan initiative in the form of WIMS Tech. We have tried to revive it. And Ma'am, but more concerted efforts are required. More concerted efforts. And what else is required to keep this? The charters of these organisations should be strengthened. The secretariats should be empowered. And they should have some development fund. Yes, ma'am. What do you think if they have to execute? For that, India I think should collaborate with third countries like US and Japan so that it can serve as a counter for China in terms of economic development of these South Asian countries. Alright. Today is Women's Day. Yes. What is the Me Too movement? Since you are following International. Yes. What is... Ma'am, I... It originated with whom? Ma'am, it originated in the US entertainment industry with one producer, Harvey Weinstein. No, before that it went to Tarana Berg. She was the one in 2006. And then it took off slowly and then Harvey Weinstein of course escalated the whole process. What are the status of that case today? Ma'am, he has been convicted of the charges... On charges, yes. And he has been in jail for 29 years. And he faces the possibility of that for 29 years. What do you think of the movement, you yourself? What are the pros and cons? Ma'am, the pros were that it gave a chance to women who for all these years were feeling a bit more insecure that if they come up in the public towards their issues in sexual harassment at work that they have faced they would be criticized but give confidence to women to come up in the public. Ma'am, but the main issue here is that the problem is who will verify these claims? Who will verify the allegations? Ma'am, that is a very difficult issue because once the allegation is made on a person then his entire image is at stake. So it can be misused? Nectaric libel laws and unnecessary kind of... You've heard of Neutron Jack recently I've been even in opinion pages of newspapers about Neutron Jack. Then you have to give a little point on that. Jack Welch? C.O.G. Yes, ma'am. Why was he called Neutron? Ma'am, I... He believed in downsizing. So he would regularly cull 10% of the staff from below and so other imitators started following him and this led to social disturbance. I read on that. Ma'am was called Neutron because he figured in every newspaper he passed away last week. Yes, ma'am. And he reshaped the corporations of the 21st century and also led to the Silicon Valley and the kind of enterprises to come forward. So that's an important point. Okay, thank you. Hi, Naan. You are from Punjab. So recently the budget was presented in the Punjab Assembly. Can you tell us some of the salient features? Yes, ma'am. The first and most important development was that the age of retirement has been reduced to 58 years. Secondly, sir, they will be providing for free education until 12th class. It was for girls only and now for all. Good. Yes, sir. Isn't it a tax less budget? Yes, sir. It's a tax less... It's a tax less budget. Okay, today is International Women's Day. So can you tell us about some of our own constitutional provisions which safeguards women's equality and promotes women empowerment? Yes, sir. Yeah. So first is Article 15. Yeah. Before that, there is something. So Article 14. Right to equality. It all starts from there. Yeah. So then we had 15 and yes. So then along with that Article 25... Article 15 also talks about equality of opportunity and employment. Employment. Yeah. So after that we have Fundamental Rights for Religion as well which offers right to freedom of religion to women so that they can go to place the worship as well. Okay. That would come right to equality and freedom of... Yes. So there are two constitutional amendments which guarantee representation of women in our democratically decentralized institutions. Yes, sir. Which are those? Sir, these were the 75th and 74th constitutional amendments. Sir, these provided for 33% reservation of women and local self-contained. Yeah. Not only as members, elected members but also chair versions. Yes. Okay. You have heard about the IBC? Yes, sir. Insolvency Bankruptcy. Why was this code enacted? Sir, the earlier issue was that the bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings were going for very long. They were taking years and years. And secondly, sir, the issue was that the proceeds that we get from insolvency were also very less. And therefore, sir, to solve these problems and more importantly to facilitate ease of doing business, the IBC code was brought. So under these, there have been some judicial pogans which have been set up. What are those? Sir, we have the national company law tribunal and the debt recovery tribunal. Appellate tribunal. So tribunals and then above is the appellate tribunal. Okay. Now, your subject is international relations and political science. So let me first ask you a couple of questions. Who propounded the theory of separation of powers? Which political? The laws of course. Sir, just the problem won't be skewed. Yeah. Do we have separation of powers in our constitution? Yes, sir. It is there, but it's not water type. Okay. Yes, sir. Okay. What is the economic philosophy of laissez-faire? What does it mean? So laissez-faire means minimal state. That is the government will not be interfering in the economic sphere. It will restrict itself to more administrative activities. Okay. Have you heard of Harold J. B. Laski? Yes, sir. What was his political philosophy? Sir, it was more in the nature of social liberalism. Sir, he advocated that protest, civic and political rights are there. We also should have socio-economic rights as well. It had a nomenclature. Pluralism. No, Fabian socialism. Yes, sir. Yeah. And was it embraced by any of our political leaders? Yes, sir. Sir, Joanne and I were first-time leaders. Okay. Now, I will end by asking you a question on international relations. What is our relationship with Nepal at the moment? How would you assess it? So, India has maintained its relationship with Nepal. So, in the past few years, there were some issues regarding... Any return to life? Sir, yes, sir. There were some decent developments about... So, there is a project. I can't recall that project. In the past, last month, there was some project. It's not a project. It's with regard to a geographical territory. Sir, there is a dispute over Kalapani as well. Exactly. Now, if I say the U.S.-Taliban deal was a dot deal. Sir, for instance? Was it dot... Dot... Dot deal. Yes. Would you agree? Sir, in diplomatic sense, I would say that it is an endeavor for the last few weeks. In a personal opinion, I am too very uncertain about whether this would be achieved or not. Why? Sir, because this agreement is just between U.S. and Taliban and the entire election in the room. That is the intro of the Ghan Dialogue. Sir, that is a very huge question mark. What is the result of it? What is the result going to be? There is some element based in Pakistan. But it's also a part of the Taliban. And the U.S. has prescribed that organization. Which is that... And India is very much concerned about that particular network. Sir, it's the Hakani network. Exactly. The leader of the Hakani network is also the deputy leader of the Taliban. On which the U.S. has announced a reward of 10 million U.S. dollars. So, nothing has been mentioned about Hakani, whether he would be away from Taliban territory or not. Okay. That just about sums up your interview. So, let me give you an assessment and what you can expect from the UPSC board. So, you are from Punjab. So, expect some questions about Punjab. The budget recently presented. The drug situation in Punjab. Yes. How Punjab is pairing an economic indicator, some social indicators, etc., etc. GDP and all that. Both the indicators. Then, your subject is also international relations. And you have also mentioned international relations to be your interest. Area of interest. So, obviously, expect a large number of questions on international relations. Which we did. Yes. Right. Which you handled to my opinion, you handled well. Political science also, that will be questions. So, I did ask you a couple of questions. There will be questions on constitutional matters, constitutional matters, criminal law matters, recent judgments of the Supreme Court. So, follow the newspapers. The courts are very busy these days with spite of, you know, cases going to them. Right to life. And how does it square up with the big sentence? You need to be a little more clear on that. Read out the constitutional provisions on that and the court decisions. Right. And let me... Yeah, that's about... I mean, there was no question on which you really followed. You have been doing quite well. So, keep it up and all the best. When is your interview? I don't think so very much. So, one thing, you said that I will be wrong on this. Never begin with a negative sentence. You said that I don't know. I'm not sure. No, no, no. Yes. Is it a question of saying things? Yes. I contacted, okay, no? Only I get to speak. Only the one who asked the question. Finish on that. You can throw a glance, but not... Yeah. So, I have two questions. Yes. So, first is that, am I being brief? Yes. Which is good, not to the point. Yeah, absolutely. Because if you wander, you get entrapped into more questions. That's a positive trait, just say. That's a positive trait. Well, because in my last interview, probably, I was feeding a little more. So, this time... Absolutely. That's the way to go about it. Yeah. Mainly, my main point is... Because who answered further questions? Further questions should be in general, yeah. So, the second question is, in my last vlog, they were saying that I was being a little monotonous. My answer was one coming out very naturally, and they were seeming a bit mugged up. So, do my answers seem like that? No, I don't think so. I don't think... I don't think... Yeah. I thought you were genuinely following international from my point of view. Yes, yes. I thought... Oh. Yeah. It's very difficult on anybody's part to prove that... It's all my fault. I mean... We have two mugged up policies. If you are stupid about your past, then obviously it will come out confident. The way you said... Yeah, you did well. Yeah, you did well. Don't worry. All the best. All the best to you. Thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update.