 Everyone and his dog has an attachment style nowadays. It could be a secure attachment, avoidant attachment, or any one of a set of four types of attachments. But the truth is that some people have what I call flat attachment. They are incapable of any kind of bonding, any kind of relatedness to other people at all. Flat attachments, people with flat attachment, regard other people as utterly interchangeable, replaceable, dispensable. Objects, functions, nothing more. They commodify people. They treat them as commodities. Like grains of rice, all people look the same to them. When a relationship is over, people go through a period that I call latency. It's a period where people mourn the defunct bond. People, members of the couple, members of the diet, process the grief, experience withdrawal symptoms associated with the breaker, but not so the flat attachment. Someone with a flat attachment transitions instantaneously, smoothly, abruptly, and seamlessly, from one insignificant other to the next insignificant target. People with flat attachments fully substitute a newfound bore, lover, maid, or so-called intimate partner for the one they had discarded. The one who is usefulness has expired for whatever reason. As you have already surmised, many narcissists and almost all psychopaths are flat attachments. They have flat attachment. Long time ago, when the dinosaurs roamed the earth in 1995, I coined the phrase, idealize, devalue, and discard. It is rare for me to admit an error, but I did commit it. I should have rather said, idealize, devalue, discard, and replace. Replace, that's the key word. You see, attachment, of course, has to do with intimacy. And here's the time to say that my name is Sam Bhatni, and I'm the author of Malignant Self-Love, Narcissism Revisited, and I'm the author of other books about personality disorders. Attachment has to do with intimacy, past intimacy, and future intimacy. Attachment has forged in early childhood through relationships with primary caregivers and primary objects, also known as parents, attachment determines one's ability to engage in intimacy, to create and participate in intimate relationships. But to some people, intimacy is like kryptonite, both sought after and dreaded and feared. The result is an intricate and crazy-making dance, dubbed approach avoidance repetition compulsion. Another aspect of this ambivalence, this love towards intimacy and hatred of intimacy, another aspect is what I call the menu scraps dichotomy. Those who truly seek intimacy want the entire menu of interpersonal togetherness. They want intensive talking, they want romanticized sex, they want it all. But the intimacy challenged, the people with flat attachment, make do and are fully satisfied with scraps. They feel threatened and overwhelmed by the totality of the intimacy menu. They want to taste, have a taste of things. They don't want the main dishes. They get by on occasional snippets of talk, on rare sex, and on swaths of personal space and time apart. The two types of people, the intimacy challenge and those who seek intimacy, intimacy start. They are utterly incompatible. They make each other profoundly unhappy. And yet, oddly, they are inexorably attracted and drawn to each other. The menu types are parental fixes by nature. And the scraps crave the unbridled and unconditional intimacy preferred by their antithesis by the menu people. They drive the intimacy, but they still seek it. Mix couples, flat attachments and deep attachments. Mix couples invariably end up in a mushroom cloud of agonizing mayhem and unmitigated catastrophe. They may drive each other to insanity or even to suicidal ideation or actual suicide. At the very least, they subject each other, one another, to excruciating theme. As the menu tries to alter and modify the scraps. And the scraps withdraws further and further and resolves to desperate measures such as cheating or reckless behaviors in order to undo the bond and revert to pristine loneliness. When rejected or abused, women, for example, overread or abuse substances. And that's a perfect example where flat attachment leads to outlandish and extreme outcomes. Because as I said, most women would overread or abuse substances. But a minority of women self-medicate with men. They hook up with friends, former flames or even total strangers for some good time, for some sex, casual sex. It helps them to restore their self-esteem, regulate or doubt their negative emotions, buttress their femininity, stabilize their labile sense of self-worth. Intimacy, however, is a different issue. Never mind how transient, limited or fake. Even if merely physical, it does wonders to the assertiveness and resilience of such women, the flat attachments. In some cases, such conduct involves defiant, in-your-face, rage-infused cheating on the intimate partner. And so that's an example of how flat attachments react to the stresses of typical relationships. But such misconduct has three other goals. First of all, to hurt, to cause excruciating pain, to grievously and often publicly offend and humiliate the rejecting or abusive counterparty or the counterparty that is perceived as rejecting and abusing. Because flat attachments, being narcissists and psychopaths of histrionine, are very often hyper-vigilant. They find insults and humiliation when there's none or none intended. The second reason for such behavior is to elicit a reaction, any reaction, from the indifferent and submissive spouse or mate. And this is usually done via ostentatious triangulation. The third reason is to win points in a never-ending power play of one-upmanship and brinkmanship between the misbehaving woman and the husband per date or boyfriend. The flat-attached women, the women with flat attachment, who default to this kind of choice are able to engage in emotionless and casual sex. They are often histrionic. Today we think of histrionic personality disorder as the female variant of psychopathy. That's the latest thinking in the field. These women lack impulse control. They suffer from emotional dysregulation, which is also common of all borderlines. Trauma victims with PTSD or extreme complex PTSD. And of course, when I talk about women, it's an example of a flat attachment that is somewhat sexist. Because this equally applies to histrionic men. Only the number of histrionic men is much smaller than the number of histrionic women. So this particular example applies much more to women than to men. Men undermine sabotage intimacy in other ways, for example by being passive-aggressive or by being outright-aggressive or by conspicuously cheating or in many other ways. Flat attaches, regardless of gender, male or female, men and women, being incapable of attachment feel threatened by it. Intimacy within a relationship is perceived as a trap, as imprisonment has been put in shackles. So to free themselves from this perception of being a hostage or a prisoner, these people would do anything. They would use nuclear weapons. They would soul murder others, they would hurt, they would defend, they would do anything. The extremes to which flat attaches are willing to go in order to free themselves from intimacy, these extremes are absolutely mind-blowing. The things I've seen and the things I've experienced defy description. Flat attachment is fast becoming a global social problem. The technologies such as dating apps, social pressures, cultural pressures, disintegration of institutions such as family and community, people become atomized, alienated, isolated. The incentive to become a flat attachment increases the rewards for being a flat attachment or on the rise. And as Kenan taught us in behaviorism, rewards dictate performance, dictate behavior patterns. We are all becoming more and more incapable of true attachment. We are all in a way becoming flat attachments. And in this particular sense of least, we are all becoming more and more narcissistic and even more and more psychopathic.