 George McGovern, who died last year, aged 90, was best known for his 1972 presidential defeat to Richard Nixon. But he also chaired a committee that released the first dietary guidelines in the United States in January 1977. The simple fact is, quoting from the press conference, that our diets have changed radically within the last 50 years with great and often very harmful effects on our health. These dietary changes represent as great a threat to public health as smoking. The diet of the American people has become increasingly rich, rich in meat and other sources of saturated fat and cholesterol, and in sugar. Most all the health problems underlying the leading causes of death in the United States could be modified by improvements in diet. Eschemic heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension are diseases that kill us. They're epidemic in our population we cannot afford to temper us. The public wants some guidance, wants to know the truth. And hopefully today we can lay the cornerstone for the building of better health for all Americans through better nutrition. As Dr. Hegstead later recounted in an interview a founding member of Harvard's nutrition department that spoke at the press conference, the meat, milk, and egg producers were very upset and they weren't the only ones. The president and chair of the International Sugar Research Foundation called the report unfortunate and ill-advised, all part of the emotional anti-table sugar tidal wave conspiracy, evidently. From the official record of the committee hearings, simply stated, people like sweet things, and apparently the McGovern committee believes that people should be deprived of what they like. There is a puritanical streak in certain Americans that leads them to become do-gooders. The president of the Salt Institute felt that there is definitely no need for a dietary goal that calls for the reduction of salt consumption. In fact, the assertion from the report that improved nutrition may cut our nation's health bill by a third was challenged. See, what the committee didn't understand is that health care expenditures increase if the lifespan is prolonged. See, if people live longer because they eat healthier, it could be more expensive. Some researcher pointed out if tobacco were banned, the increase in the expected lifespan would simultaneously increase the cost of care of old people, which comes under the category of health care expenditures. If people eat healthier, the Salt Institute warned, we might have more old people to take care of. The National Dairy Council likewise recommended the dietary goals be withdrawn and reformulated to have the endorsement of the food industry. You know, as soon as Haagen-Dazs says they're okay, then go for it. The two industries that went most ballistic, though, were the meat and egg producers, who demanded additional hearings were held. Egg councils requested the distribution of the dietary goals be immediately stopped. The frightening development, as far as the egg industry was concerned, is that the advocates of a modified low cholesterol diet now have the credibility and prestige of the U.S. Senate. The president of the American National Cattlemen's Association described why the meat industry reacted rather violently, complaining that meat is never mentioned in a positive way in the guidelines. The only mention of meat are those associating meat consumption with various degenerative diseases. If these dietary goals are moved forward and promoted in the present form, entire sectors of the food industry— meat, dairy, egg, sugar, and others— may be so severely damaged that when it is realized that the dietary goals are ill-advised, that surely they will be, production recovery may be out of reach. Thus, guided by my conscience at the president of the National Livestock and Meat Board, I am certain that actions of the animal industries to ensure Americans are properly fed with abundant meat and other animal foods is an honorable and morally correct diet course. The meat industry recommended the committee withdraw the dietary guidelines and issue a corrected report. They especially didn't like guideline number two, to decrease meat consumption to lower saturated fat intake. Senator Dole, Kansas Senator Dole, offered to have that amended from decrease meat consumption to instead increase consumption of lean meat. Would that taste better to you? He asked the president of the Cattlemen's Association, who replied, decrease is a bad word, Senator. So what happened? By the end of the year, a revised version of the dietary goals was released. Indeed, the guidelines was changed from decrease meat consumption to choose meat, poultry, and fish, which will reduce saturated fat intake. That wasn't enough for the meat industry, though. They wanted the whole committee on nutrition eliminated completely, and its functions turned over to the Agriculture Committee. The New York Times, noting that the Agriculture Committee looks after the producers of food, not the consumer, editorialized that folding the nutrition committee into the Agriculture Committee would be like sending the chickens off to live with the foxes. And that's what happened. The Senate Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs got disbanded and placed within the Senate Committee on Agriculture. George McGovern fought until the bitter end, though, when an interviewer confronted him with the serenity prayers, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change. McGovern rejected the notion, saying, I keep trying to change them.