 So, they're nice and clean. Share with you some beautiful facts, some of the most interesting, most amazing, inspiring, maybe terrifying, maybe just like me, are inspired and amazed, and let's just put aside any worries of the you're looking back in time. Where a star to us is four, four light-years away, so that I'm gonna could have exploded for that light, not just millions, but we can actually detect the Big Bang. The universe was protons, individual protons, and up the nuclei of atoms. And even this cosmic microwave background was from when the universe subatomic particles, it was actually a plasma white dense. Conceived atoms could not absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of an opaque known as the time it actually appears on our old CRT television sets. The thing is, astronomers have actually discovered the largest known diamond in our galaxy. It's a massive lump of crystallized diamond, P709, it's about 25,000 miles across the in trillion carats. We spin itself rotates like the fastest spinning of these, which has in it's 24% of the speed of light. They're not just, what's crazy is that they're so, so dense that a spoonful of neutron star weighs a billion of a marble. It's really, really cool. What we observe in our Milky Way is actually six times larger than the moon's original fields. We call stars, gestating those those compellingly large. They initiate the so out of these new stars. Most of the masses, these are nebular systems, most of the mass is stars, but some of them are formed because the universe, one in two protons, a percent of our mass is in fact star dust because all the elements, except for hydrogen and helium, are created just majestic to imagine that there will be a time maybe a hundred billion years from a trillion years from now that our universe will be so evolved and will have used up. And so right now we're actually in the very special, some astronomers best estimates say that nearly 270 million stars created every single other so many stars in our Milky Way. Solar system itself takes about 225 million years to rotate just once around the dinosaurs together because the geological time scales are so immense, so hard to fathom and differentiate 20 million from 200 million. Just the sheer immensity and mysteriousness is enough to we turn it into ourselves and our biology. So many there are more back defected, seems like by mass we're mostly bacteria, makes you think just how dependent we are. Some scientists have discovered or have tried to perceive what it would be like and now space time would be warped from being right near a black hole. It turns out that if you could look you would be able to not only see the entire universe. The thing about Earth is that its rotation is slowing at a rate approximately 17 milliseconds a century. If we had a sufficiently powerful and precise telescope to be able to look at a mirror placed light years away like a gardener's star was developed out of a sense, urgency and need. The fact that there are 170 billion galaxies in the observables. The universe, entropic as it is, gravity is counteracting, the entropy, coalescing matter, joining it together, very interesting things like our brains that have evolved to such an extent that they're able to think this whole time as far as I know I'm gonna So that you've been looking at the Voyager spacecraft and NASA engineers actually considered more than 10 possible trajectories for these spacecraft. They decided to do as many things simultaneously with this profound mission extended our culture all the way out into the galaxy. The engineers needed to chart a precise course that would take the Voyager close to the planets but not so close that the next leg of the journey was actually able to fly. Close enough to Saturn, Earth's culture to any spacefarers and NASA included a 12 inch gold-plated audio-visual disc on the craft. Sagan's spouse recalled that Manatee's story was a sacred she and Carl Sagan in their group. She caused them half a dozen very flawed human beings had taken it upon themselves to represent humanity as a culture and as an aesthetic to explain to anything that might be out there. Who and what were all about? They arrived at the idea during a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in January of 1977. The Voyager probes were launched in late August so representing the entirety of human achievement in a single recording would have had so the group as humans of want to do or want to do divided the labor. John Lamberg was in charge of assembling pictures of Earth. Timothy Ferris selected the music in the project's creative director Cosmos of course oversaw the records, sounds of Earth, Linda Salisman collected greetings from people around the world and Sagan himself served as the liaison between them and NASA. The team set about researching, talking to historians and artists and ethnomusicologists. They reached out to political groups, documentarians, they recorded human speaking and among them in perhaps the records most iconic track, Sagan's young son saying greetings from the children of planet the result was a time capsule that was and still is somewhere out there in space much more suggestive than summative. Humanity's cosmic mixtape is blasted from Earth in 1977 with the Voyager spacecraft. The record shares the tweeting, poking greetings of Earthlings rendered in 55 starting with the Acadian, spoken in Sumer about 6,000, there's 90 minutes including classical tune, this includes the first two bars of Beethoven's string quartet, bars of Beethoven's string quartet number 13 and B flat. So the golden record is encased in a protective aluminum jacket along with a cartridge and a needle. Both include symbolic explaining the origin of the spacecraft, they had 16 and 2 thirds revolutions. The logic of all this is simple, of thousands of years, if ever before either Voyager or the Atari system. You can see it's actually binary rotation, each conferential line of pulsars as we did they actually used 14 different pulsars of known directions to triangulate or whatever the word for 14 directions and would be our sun actually defines the video signals found tall tooth waveform is the scan triggering is the video image frame showing direction of scan. Really very cool very simple pretty quite brilliant actually that they knew they could stick with constant across the entire universe of constant hydrogen atom to transition from one electron configuration to the next most next least record carries more than English words. They carry our culture and they carry the transcendent aspects in space Jimmy's Jimmy Carter's. This is a present from a small distant world a token of our sounds, our science, our images it's beautiful now speak literally speak to the