 Abstract, cancer is a major cause of death globally, and its treatment remains a challenge due to the complexity of its pathology and the emergence of multidrug resistance. Metal-based nanoparticles have shown promise in cancer diagnosis and treatment, but further research is needed to optimize their effectiveness. Plant-derived nanoparticles offer a promising alternative, as they are non-taxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. This review discusses the current status of both metal and plant-based nanoparticle research, highlighting their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article was authored by Sunil Kumar, Manu Kumar Shukla, Apeshek Kumar Sharma, and others.