 So, this is going to be a demonstration of the liver. Now, let us come to the fissures that we can see here and that will divide the liver into various segments. As I have already mentioned, this is the forcifer the gallbladder which is empty here. Normally, the fundus of the gallbladder would have protruded out a little bit from below the inferior marginal liver. And opposite the forcifer the gallbladder is this, this is the forcifer the infiravina keva or the infiravina keva groove which passes out through the bare area of the liver. So, therefore, if you were to consider the whole thing together the forcifer the gallbladder and the forcifer the infiravina keva it forms one limb and that is referred to as the right sagittal fissure. The right sagittal fissure continuity is broken up by this part of the liver. This is the cordate loop of the liver and this portion of the liver which breaks up the continuity of these two is referred to as the cordate process. And this projection of the cordate lobe is referred to as the papillary process. We will come back to this again just a little later. So, this is the right sagittal fissure. Now, let us move a little to the left because if you must remember that we have turned the liver. So, therefore, this is the right and this is the left side. Coming to the left we see again another fissure here. This is the fissure for the round ligament of liver and we can see the round ligament of liver is passing through and here we can see the phalseiform ligament. And just above the fissure in continuity we can see this another fissure here. This is the fissure for the ligament of venosum and we can see the remnant of the ligament of venosum here and we can also see the hepatogastric ligament attached here which is the lesser moment. So, therefore, here we can see again there is another continuous fissure to the left of the right. This is referred to as the left sagittal fissure. This ligament of venosum, this in embryonic life was the ductus venosus and the ductus venosus carried the oxidated blood from the umbilical vein like this. It bypassed the liver and entered into the inferior vena cava. After birth the ductus venosus gets fibrosis and forms the ligamentum venosum. So, therefore, to take a step back, we have the right sagittal fissure formed by the inferior vena cava and the gallbladder fossa. We have left sagittal fissure formed by the fissure for the ligament of venosum and the fissure for the round ligament of liver. Joining them is this transverse portion here which is the portahepatus. So, therefore, it forms a rough edge. We will use this edge as the basis for dividing the liver into surgical segments. Coming back to this left sagittal fissure. In surgical segment, the left sagittal fissure is also referred to as the left umbilical fissure or the left portal fissure. The right sagittal fissure, this in surgical segment is called the main portal fissure. And now I am going to turn the liver again back to its normal anatomical position and I am doing that so because I wanted to show something very crucial at this juncture. And I am holding the liver up like this and we can see the opening of the inferior vena cava here and we can see the fossa for the gallbladder here where my two hands are located. On the anterior superior surface of the liver if we were to draw an imaginary line connecting the fossa for the inferior vena cava with the fossa of the gallbladder here. This line is referred to as the cantileal line. So, the cantileal line on the anterior superior surface continued as the right sagittal fissure on the visceral surface. They come to be known as the main portal fissure. Again I am going to turn the liver back and further lateral to the right of the cantileal line approximately where my finger is tracing. If I were to trace my hand like this this is the approximate location of yet one more which is there is no fissure but this location. So, we have now made three lines one is the main portal fissure then we made a line for a right portal fissure and the other one was the left portal fissure. These are the three lines which are used to divide the liver into hepatic segments. So, now I am going to turn the liver back again. The main portal fissure divides the liver into a right surgical segment and a left surgical segment and if I were to cut through the main portal fissure and through the cantileal line we will see the middle hepatic vein. The left sagittal fissure which now is called the umbilical fissure or the left portal fissure. If I were to cut through this we will see the left hepatic vein and the other imaginary line which I traced on the anterior superior surface of the liver if I were to cut through that we will see the right hepatic vein and this is an ultra sonogram of the liver to show the three hepatic veins in the three portal fissures draining into the IBC and these are the three veins which demarcate the three segments of the liver and further transverse divisions convert the liver into eight hepatic segments. We shall not name the segments, but we shall just quickly mention that in this eight hepatic segments the chordate lobe is denoted as hepatic segment number one. The quadrate lobe which is located between the fissure for the round ligament of the liver and the fissure for the gallbladder is denoted as part of hepatic segment number four. Since we have already mentioned the locations of the hepatic veins the middle hepatic vein the right hepatic vein and the left hepatic vein now let's take a look at the openings of the hepatic vein all these three hepatic veins are located their form inside the liver and they drain into the inferior vena keva also inside the liver therefore we never get to see them from outside. This opening that we see here this is the inferior vena keva where my instrument is gone in so we can see one opening here where my instrument is gone in this is the right hepatic vein this is the middle hepatic vein which is located in the main portal fissure and this is the left hepatic vein which is located in the umbilical fissure or the left portal fissure and these three hepatic veins one two three they all open into the inferior vena keva so that brings me to the next point what are the structures which are holding the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm one of them is the inferior vena keva itself as it passes through the cable hiatus in the diaphragm. The next structure are these three hepatic veins which are passing through the liver and they're opening into the inferior vena keva. The next structure which holds the liver in place is the remnant of this which I showed you earlier the coronary ligament and the right left and the right triangular ligament and the final structure which holds the liver in place is this one here this is the falsiform ligament so these are all the structures which hold the liver in its location very tightly it took quite a bit of effort to remove the liver from its location under the right dome of the diaphragm. That pretty much covers whatever we want you to mention about the liver both those diaphragmatic surface and the inferior surface thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out David who is our camera person have a nice day