 Good morning, everyone. My name's Josh Frost. I've worked with the TEMS Discovery Program. Some of you who are in the session Yes, they would have had a bit about the TEMS Discovery Program, but I'm going to look a bit more depth about what we do. The liquid history comes from a quote from a politician called John Burns, who is aering $0.19 politician who intrude 19th-century Britishness When an American moaned about the dirtiness of the regatems said Sir, the TEM is a liquid history, with the kind of confidence that only a 19th century British man could do, so that's where we're starting in. For those of you who don't know, the TEM Discovery programme is a community archaeology programme, we've been running for about 10 years, we're hosted by Mola Museum of London Archaeology a mae'r ofeniad arlaen iawn i'w dweud o fwn, a'r ofeniad arlaen iawn i chi i'w dweud arall, lle i'r wrthynnol ysgrifrwyr cyfanyddol ar gyfer y bydd Y Llywodraeth, ac mae'r tiddor wedi cael ei gafelio, mae'r fathai o mi ar y gafelio gwahanol, ar y gafelio. We have been running for 10 years as a project but we have pre-assessor organisations and terms of archaeological surveys which ran in the 90s and before that a lot of very interested archaeologists. A real moving force behind the whole thing has been Gustav Millen who has been heavily involved in the citizen which you've heard about earlier today. Felly, yw'r Gwstaf Steph ac rwyf yn ystafell yn ymddi'r pethau, felly rydyn ni'n meddwl i'r cyffredig yn ymddi'r cyffredig. Rwy'n meddwl i'r programau argymau argymwyntiol, ac rydyn ni'n meddwl i'r ffontiwn. Rydyn ni'n meddwl i'r ffontiwn, i'r cyffredig i Ranghwy, i'r Sfadban, i'r Llywodraeth, i'r ffontiwn. Roeddwn ni'n meddwl i'r ffontiwn i'r ffontiwn i'r gweithwyr a'u gw Russell. Fy fyddwn ni'n meddwl i'r ffontiwn i'r cyffredig, fyddwn ni'n meddwl i'r ffontiwn i'r ffontiwn. Mae i gael, mae ffontiwn i'r ffontiwn gan ddeinydd, i'r hollur i gael'i rheol tanwyd. Felly mae gael ei wneud oedd feysig, i'r ffyrdd yn cael ei wneud. Felly mae'r hwn wedi ddod i'r gweithfyr gweithiwn i'r ffontiwn, Mae'n gwybod beth ynghylch i gŷnol, ac efallai mae'r gweithiau yn meddwl. Cym techno'n rhiwm ein bod yn rhan cyntafol ar wahanol y gweithwyr mwy fyddion sydd yw'n meddwl Cym薁 o hyfforddiad a'r喂 hawthodau, sy'n meddwl ychydig ar hyfforddiad, i ddwynddiad gweithio ychydig yn meddwl, ac mae hwnnw ddwynt ychydig yn meddwl. but we also do a lot of lectures, we have an extensive lecture programme and workshops as well. What do we do then? We divide the river into what we call foreshore zones, which are essentially sites. Each borough in London we divide into a certain number of sites. We tend to try and visit as many sites as we can in a year. mae'r Llywodraeth a'r Ffordd Cllidol, yn ei gwaith ar waith gyda'r three-members o'r Paid Staf i'r angen, byddwn ni'n gobeithio cynddingen nhw, i'n gobeithio. Dyma, mae'r newydd dyma'r hyn yn gweithio gwaith. Mae'r hyn yn gweithio gweithio gyrwch, Stoneham, i'r ffrwyng iawn yn gweithio gweithdemonidol sy'n iawn iawn i'r ffordd Ieddon yn hynny o'r sefwrdd. Dwi'n gweithio gweithio'r Llywodraeth nôl mwy beth sydd yn ei… that's what we do. And this is our patch. We look at the tens within what we call Greater London. That's actually kind of a better example of what there's been, and of w dag i ddam o dda roedde임 yw'r gweithio, mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio ar unrhyw y tens, a'r weffordd grwyddoedd y London. Mae'n gweithio ar gyfer y botwn, yn y gwybod, yn y gwybod, yn y gwybod i'r rhowb, i'r gwybod i'r gwybod, oherwydd mae'n gweithio gwybod a'r gweithio gwybod i'r gwybod, a dyna'n fyddaeth yng nghyrch o gwybod i'r gwybod i'r gwybod. Felly mae hyn yn gweithio gweld, ac yn dd東os gweld yn gweithio. Mae hyn yn gweithio a'r gweithio yn dda siarad. Felly mae'r gweithio yn cynnig iawn. Dwi'n gallu cy destac ychydig ar gyfer yw eitem. A fyddwn i'n wneud i'r gweithio a'r gweithio yn oed yn agrofiwr. Mae gennych fod yn gweithio, ond mae'r gweithio. Efallai'r 1928, mae'rŷn dechrau'r London. Mae'r gweithio yn ymrddynau ar y gertig hanref – ac those is a massive flooding the last kind of fatal flood in london that claimed a large number of people's lives so this is the last time that the river flooded the motor of the Tav London this is what can happen at the moment this is what does happen this is in West London called Strand in the Green Gweithio'r rhaeg bod y bod ffilm'r benig yn cydnodol yn cedulio. Dyma'n risgo sy'n gyflwydoedd yn Llandau o ddim yn yw'r gwahodraeth iawn. Ar y amser, o'r famלהi, o'r drwydaeth i gyflwyno, oherwydd o'n gyfer ffaith wideg, oherwydd oedd, oherwydd mae'n cael yr ysgol, mae'n cyfrannu gwydech chi, oherwydd mae'n cyfrannu chi'n gwyntodaeth oedd ydych chi'n amser ydw i wneud yn cyfrifolio'r cyfryd ac oes y syrwy syrwy yn ôl, a'r rygwm dŵr ymlaen i gael i'w rhaglen i'r wyth gwrdd hynny. A wnaeth angen ychydig rywbeth, mae'r wneud yn gweithio'r wair o'r ysgol gyda hyd yn y rwyb. Dwi'n credu'r gweithio'n gweithio'r gweithio, i wneud yn awdurdod yr ysgol cychwyn. Now that there is a lot of risk for an urban environment like London. And also we have increased in eco-friendly river travel. This is Gus doing his bit, standing on a bit of a cheada jetty. As you can see in the background there is a Thames Clipper. There are a lot of Thames Clippers now more than there have been. River travel is touted by some as an environmentally friendly term. a'r wych o'r cyfnodd yng ngôl yn ôl i gael gael deiwyddiadol, yn gallu cyfnodd, ac yn ôl i'r gael, yn ddweud i'r cyfnodd. Daen nhw'n gwybod, eich gweithio'r gweithio i'r rhwng. Rwy'n gweithio'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio i'r gweithio'r gweithio i'r gweithio'r gweithio i'r gweithio i'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. The other thing we've got is this. This is the Terms Barrier. This is one of London's major flood protections, opened in the 1980s. This is a view of it from one of our sites at Charlton. However, the barrier was designed only for about two or three uses a year. However, as you can see, if you look at that spike a few years back, it's being used much, much more than it was designed to be used for. Something like 77% of the closures of the Terms Barrier have occurred in the last 10 to 20 years. So there is a huge increase in the use and that is from both storm surges coming in from the estuary, also storm events coming down river as well. So there's about 12 years left before the Terms Barrier has to be redesigned. So it is a real pressing issue in London to have the river and kind of operate. I should mention though, even though the Terms Barrier is tidal, it is essentially managed by the barrier and by a series of locks further on river at Tellington. So even though it may appear to be a nice natural ebb and flow of tide, it is still managed. It's a managed river, but we're still having issues with climate change even though it's a managed river. So the first site we're going to look at is Greenwich. Greenwich is, as you can see, quite a nice place to work. The building in the foreground is actually the Trinity Laban Conservatory. So if you're working down the site, sometimes you get serinated by various music students playing, which is quite lovely on Thursday morning at kind of 8 o'clock. The building is part of the Old Royal Naval College. Before that it was the Royal Hospital at Greenwich. Before that, in the Tudor period in the 1500s, it was the Palace of Placencia, which was the favourite palace of Henry Day. So it's a really major site in terms of history, and it is a World Heritage Site, one of four that we have in London, all of which are on the river. If you look at this, I'll get the mouse over, or actually I'll write across. It's going to be easier. The range is there, just for you and yourself. I realise London Geography is not really helpful if you don't live in London. Over the years of work, we've noticed some timbers appearing on the foreshore here. You'll notice these are the ones Gus was standing on in an earlier picture. What we've noticed over the years is these have become more and more exposed. This is a very early picture when the colleagues went to this site in the 90s. There was nothing visible on this stretch of foreshore. But as you can see, slowly and surely more and more timbers have become exposed, and more and more timbers have been lost by water action. This site is right next to a riverboat here. In the time that you're down there, in the three hours that we tend to work between all the tyres, we can see as many as 7, 8, 9, 10 riverboats going past. They do not go past slowly, they go past very quickly, and the wash comes in, and that's what is causing the erosion. You also see the foundations of the river that became exposed here, which is what the rock armouring at the bottom is for. Another key site, another World Heritage site, that Helen mentioned, I know she says, Tower of London. Interestingly, there's talk about its World Heritage status being revoked that was in the news yesterday. Again, this is more in the city, you can see at the top right, there's a whole flurry of red, that's about where the Tower of London is. This is 2012, you can see this is the foundations of the river being exposed, and of course the crack of the wall one year later, and the temporary rock armouring was put in 2015. Underneath the rock armouring was exposed by erosion, so even where measures are put in place to prevent erosion, such as the amount of movement in the river, erosion is still taking place. Historic Royal Palaces who look after the Tower of London don't really want the bit in front of the Tower of London falling into the river, because then the tourists won't be able to take their nice photos, and it looks very bad. To conclude, the key things that we found in our work, the first thing you need really if you're doing the work like the type we're doing, is you need passionate train volunteers who feel an ownership of the archaeology, who feel involved and invested in what they're doing. You need to be coordinating with local organisations, we work very closely with the environment agency, Historic England and Historic Royal Palaces of Royal Naval College, the people whose land we're working in. You have to be looking at sites regularly, because if you're not, you're going to come back two years later and it's all gone. But I think there also needs to be a dialogue about the impacts of climate change on the archaeology, because if you don't, you're not going to get anywhere. And a key thing for us is we have to engage the public, if the public don't know what's happening, then nothing's going to change. We live in one of the biggest cities in Europe, so we have a real chance to engage people with the impacts of climate change in the environment and on the archaeology, which is really exciting. Thank you.