 Thank you, Jim. Let me at the very outset thank Terry for giving me the opportunity of being here today and Let me on behalf of all of us here and perhaps on behalf of all the people in the world who care Thank Terry and his team were brought together in this wonderful City of Marrakesh a Galaxy of global leaders and thinkers Who have devoted the last three days of their time to find solutions? Which we confront in common the grave challenges Which all of us face in common which make This world a challenged world. I'm a hopeful person by choice and by nature but all hope and all initiatives towards realizing our hopes must begin with a candid acceptance That we are living in a very troubled very challenged Conflict driven and violent world. We are living in a world Which is for a very large number of our people Neither just nor stable nor peaceful Nor a world that gives hope to future generations But what do we do? Do we put our hands up and say that all is lost? certainly not we know from Carlisle's theory of history that The story of human civilization and its progress through the ages Could be measured in terms of the contributions of genesis and great world leaders Who came for a limited Time on this earth, but to change the course of history for the better What we see today is not all gloom what we see today is a vastly Superior world in the sense of the fastest and the and the most abundant growth of material prosperity We see a world in which there is hope for the very sick people because of technological advancement We see a world Which has endless possibilities for better life for a very vast majority of our people But who has got to realize that potential? When I come to the conclusion of my presentation, I will talk about the way forward but but today Let me at this point of time Talk about the fears that I have My first and foremost fear is that The trouble spots The potentially volcanic trouble spots in this world are growing We discussed about the situation in the Middle East and North Korea Yemen Libya Afghanistan Pakistan Iran Qatar Saudi Arabia. We've discussed all these and these are these are potentially growing areas of conflict the South and East China Sea and I think These conflicts are going to exacerbate in the future Depending upon the proclivity of the rising powers to assert their expansionist programs We see this phenomena We recognize it as well, but sometimes We are diplomatic enough not to assert it in the manner that we ought to as a lawyer I'm extremely worried at the impotency of the international legal order We recently had the Hague tribunals judgment About East China territorial claims and China great power in fact in some ways a responsible power to openly defied international legal order and said it does not accept the judgment of the tribal I Asked myself the question What is the point of Repeatedly asserting that we must live by the International legal order if we have in our midst not one but several powers Who if they chose to defy the international Rules of the game cannot be held accountable for defiance of the law Therefore, I think one of the foremost challenges is for global leaders to sit together And to devise rules of engagement that would not depend upon their enforceability upon the sufferance of one or two or three powerful states and I think as somebody rightly pointed out international morality and law are Important without the backing of power Power is the only constant Which defines the contours of international relationships? This has been the theory for as long as we have read it. We have known from history that at the end of the day The week must yield what they must and the strong take what they can Is that the world we want our children to live in? No We need a just fair law-based international order and that and the establishment of that international order Is one of the foremost challenges for statesmen of the world the second point that I want to make in this regard Is that we are witnessing a Shore retreat from multilateralism President Trump's walking out of even UNESCO Leave aside the TPP or live aside the other arrangements, but all the Paris Accord, but even from UNESCO shows an utter contempt for what has been achieved thus far It is not my place to pass judgment on an individual leader of a great country But it is time for us to interrogate ourselves whether Collective judgments and democracies are always the right judgements of course Some may argue that the collectivity has spoken and Democracy is about the rule of majority and so wait. Yes. This is certainly a point of view But does the majority always get it right? It's the question that we have to ask and the terms of Engagement in the debate between right and wrong is what we all know instinctively to be right and what we all know Instinctively to be wrong or bad the second take away that We can all claim from this conference is that whether we like it or not Globalization is in retreat. Is it necessarily a bad thing? I Think the jury is out. We will have to await the verdict of history But the fact remains that globalization has not necessarily led to a just society or a just world order In an age of rights a great International lawyer professor Louis Hinkum Hinkum who has described our age as the age of rights What is it that we actually confront we confront the sad and the tragic reality of Three billion people by 2020 Having to live and subsist in less than two dollars a day Seven hundred and ninety-three million people facing hunger eleven million children dying of hunger every year and 155 million children being undernourished Globalization leading to imports from China into the US Led to job losses in America to the extent of two point four million jobs Surely Surely Americans had the right to challenge The conventional wisdom and the established order we know that drugs and human trafficking continue to be a Grave reality and all the laws in the world and all our collective resolve and resolve of leaders in the world has failed to check that menace Something is therefore not right and I would like to compliment theory for Organizing this conference because as Goeth reminded us we must proclaim from time to time what we believe in and reject what we must condemn And I think Conferences and platforms like this Or to be used to repeat what we believe to be right and to reject what we believe to be wrong That will be I think the lasting service of conferences of this service that conferences of this kind will make to humanity Fundamentalism a rise of identity politics break down of interfaith dialogue And as somebody said the failure of happy modernity are inescapable realities of the present world and my very grave Doubt about our capacity to we generate Failing democracies Troubles me a lot. I come from a country which has provided itself in the defense of human rights and In this irrevocable commitment to the fundamentals of constitutional democracy democracies But what do I see? I See my country rejecting lock stock and barrel The plea of Rohingya's for asylum in our country I can understand any government's right to reject one two five ten hundred five hundred people on grounds of Suspected involvement into a receptivity, but how can you dub a whole class of helpless people as? Potential terrorists and deny them to humanitarian relief of asylum and this is a country Associated with the Mahatma and the Buddha Who taught us the first principles of humanitarianism as the country that give to the world the slogan of Vasudeva Kutumbakam That that is that the whole world is one family and I see this happening We have a stellar record of human rights Jurisprudence in our country which has been borrowed by many many countries not only in a neighborhood But even in the advanced countries I myself fighting a case for the Rohingya's in the Supreme Court of India and on a number of issues I'm myself a public and presbyterian and I find that the rise of a dominant person perhaps in reaction to things that were not so positive does lead to the weakening of the institutions of libertarian democracy This is the lesson of history whether it is in the United States of America or India or Or in any other democracy and I think it is absolutely necessary for us to insist on Diffused power structures whether that is represented by multilateralism on the global stage or by institutions of constitutional democracy in In in democracies across the world a diffused power structure Yeah, one a diffuse power structure is something that we have to struggle for I will just take one or one minute more technology and ethics Yes, technology Has been a great saver in some respects, but technology has Defied our humanity. It is invading our humanity the right to privacy the right to dignity the right to reputation which are Absolute casualties of fake news is something that we have to be concerned about the monster of social media is threatening Our family lives it is threatening our social existence and we need to ask ourselves whether in the name of technology we can allow all of that to happen and Finally, I Have to say do we need to barter our freedom to qualify as patriots? This is about the assault on liberal democracies are we our freedom and nationalism mutually exclusive Do we need to pronounce the demise of reason to appease radical populist demagogues? Is it fair to invoke moral relativism to eliminate the testing measure of power and can we fork and can we afford to forget the caution? Sounded by James medicine that there are more instances of abridgement of freedom of the people by the gradual and silent encroachments of those in power then by violent and sudden recipients Jim I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity, but let me conclude by what? Toin B my favorite historian Reminded us. He said civilization moves forward on the basis of challenge and response and Each age has to write its own history and Martin Luther King told us There is no such thing as tomorrow and he said We are confronted with a fierce urgency of now in the unfolding of life and history and let me tell you ladies and gentlemen We are all individually and collectively Duty-bound not once not twice, but over and over again to repeat what we Believe is right because as Dante Cautioned us the hottest place is in hell The hottest places in hell said Dante are reserved for those Who in a period of moral crisis which we face today preserved their neutrality. I thank you for your attention. Thank you very much