 If you punch planet Earth, how does she respond? Well, we built our economies, our governance systems, our societies on the assumption that if you punch planet Earth, she just changes incrementally, linearly, and predictably. That's where discount rates come from. That's where our governance systems come from. That's where our economic assumptions come from. Nothing happens in terms of tipping points or surprise. Science is today clear. It's exactly the reverse. The normality is surprise. Long, long, long, long periods of slow change can suddenly shift over when you cross thresholds into abrupt and irreversible change. We have evidence from wetlands, to rainforests, to oceans, to coral reefs, to ice sheets. All planet Earth needs to be taken care with cherishment and guardianship to preserve biodiversity so that we can keep the resilience in the system to avoid tipping points.