 So, and basically this makes the point that really green public procurements, which means in our case so taking into account environmental considerations in public procurement can really help reduce the environmental footprint of the public sector, as well as supporting faster decarbonisation of key industries, given that it has such a big impact on the private sector. I mean 15% of GDP is a considerable amount of money and can really make a big difference. So our point really is that delivering best value for money for taxpayers is not choosing the cheapest option, but really make use of this money to deliver the best societal value and that can be employment environment. And in our case we're really looking at how green public procurement can support achieving our climate targets. So we focus a little bit particularly on low carbon procurement, and on these two sectors so construction and road transport where there's high emissions and where it can make a difference in terms of climate. So looking a little bit at construction, one of our two sectors, the public sector there accounts for 20 to 30% of the industry's revenue, and with cement and steel accounting for seven and 8% of global CO2 emissions, they're really important sectors to decarbonise, to meet our climate targets, and they're difficult to decarbonise. They require profound technological shifts to transform these industries and here clear market signals can really help de-risk the investments and create the demand that is needed to support this decarbonisation. But low carbon construction procurement is quite complicated because there is high level of embodied carbon in the construction materials, there's the operational emissions, so the energy use. There's the differences between construction and retrofitting and there's also complex value chains involving a lot of actors. So if we look at, there's already a few EU directives that are targeting the sector. The energy performance of building directives, which requires public authorities to procure buildings with high energy efficiency performance. The energy efficiency directive that is a bit broader and applies to buildings, products and services, but it specifically mentions public procurement, especially for public buildings and with energy efficiency requirements. And then finally we have the construction product regulation, which is set up to facilitate trade in the EU, but also suggest the use of environmental product declaration to know about the environmental impacts of construction products. It's also important for public procurement. But what we see basically is that these policies so far really focus on energy efficiency and that whole life carbon is missing. But there is a current proposal for a recast of the energy performance building directive that will target more life cycle embodied emissions and aims to have net zero building by 2030. So we'll see how that evolves. And turning to the road transport vehicles sector. So this sector accounts for about 25% of EU's direct greenhouse gas emissions. And currently the energy source is the largest climate impact of road transport vehicles, but as we start to switch fuels and electrify the life cycle emissions will be more and more important. And this directive here that targets the sector is the clean and energy efficient road transport vehicles directive, which requires public contractors to consider operational lifetime energy and environmental impacts when purchasing vehicles. There's also the battery directive, which harmonizes requirements on batteries and regulates certain substances. And this is also a proposal here to to improve this directive with more ambitious requirements, including life cycle emissions, circularity and labeling. But here again we see that for this sector, the main focus remains on direct emissions and not embedded emissions. So to summarize a little bit where we are at. We see high momentum around GPP, given the technological progress that needs to be scaled up to meet the climate targets. But the implementation of GPP policies in the EU has been slow and fragmented, despite GPP being on the agenda at the level for over a decade, and actually almost two decades now. But the current implementation in member state is still much below the indicative targets. And the new circular economy action plan from 2020 states that the Commission will propose a minimum mandatory GPP criteria and targets in sectoral legislation and face in compulsory reporting. So we see that there's really some something happening there's political leadership going in the at the level. In the meantime, we see that there's a big gap and this needs to trickle down to the you know national regional and municipal levels to really encourage courage procurement officers in their day to day to set priorities towards low carbon tenders. Right, so this was a little bit the background and we'll turn now to our project overview key findings and recommendations. Today we're presenting the findings from our one year project funded by breakthrough energy. And our aim in this project was to unpack the existing barriers for green public procurement uptake at member state level, find opportunities to increase the implementation of green public procurement policies. And this basically in a long term effort to contribute to achieve greater policy coherence between the conversation policies and green GPP related policies. In addition to that we perform eight case studies so we looked at the set of member states Sweden the Netherlands, Estonia, Poland, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. And these basically we felt was a good mix of people countries that are seen as front runners and somewhere the uptake is slower but also larger and smaller economies and countries with more centralized and decentralized governance systems. And this is a new method so we perform the desktop review with of great literature and policy documents, we reviewed all the existing tools and support systems. And we also perform a set of interviews with policymakers procurement experts and procures. So turning now to to our first set of results will go through several themes. So the first one is governance. So our key findings in terms of governance is that we see that often at the national level there's several ministries that have ownership of the matter. Often the Ministry of Economy or finance responsible for procurements and the Ministry of environments for the green side of it, let's say. Sometimes there's also like in Sweden and Poland, dedicated agency responsible for implementing policies. And in other cases, for example in Germany, the implementation is divided and tasks between several authorities. So already there we see that the setup is quite different and with several layers at the national level. But we see that in decentralized countries such as Germany and Spain, there's an additional fragmentation happening at the regional level where there's basically different regulations that apply to regional authorities. And this is important because subnational authorities account for 60% of public spending. So the regional and local differences directly impact the country's ability to meet the goals. Subnational authority is really important. And there there's this is one area where we really see that you directives help facilitating the implementation of more harmonized rules across the EU, across these different governance level. So looking a little bit at the EU we saw them also several directorates expert groups advisory groups are working on this topic. So here again we see this quite different governance set up in different countries, many entities involved at the national subnational and EU level. And this creates quite a complex landscape to coordinate and to keep up to for procurement officers because there's a lot of overlapping work and efforts to support the better implementation. So a little bit to our recommendation based on this. What we see is that basically we need to foster better collaboration and coordination to align environmental and economical targets with procurement policies and practices. And this needs to happen across national ministries and agencies with and within even institutions and across member states. So looking to highlight that we think it's important for some aspects that there is also better international collaboration to harmonize approaches to for example on on standards and data and so on. And this is important also so that we create an accelerated progress worldwide. And so this was about governance now we're turning to our next theme which is goals policies and regulations. And here are key findings are that most countries have national action plans in place to support the development of green public procurement. And these include overarching goals, for example in France there's a goal of 100% public procurement to include environmental criteria by 2025. And another example is Germany which wants to become climate neutral, like federal administration climate neutral by 2030. And here you see that it only touches on the federal administration so we're missing the sub national levels that we were just discussing just before. But the problem is we've seen that also often these previous targets have not been met. So for example in France the previous targets was 30% but the actual achievement was 17%. So one thing is to set targets and other thing is to actually achieve the implementation and that's what we saw at EU level. So looking a little bit at whether green public procurement is voluntary or mandatory we see that in most of the member states that we have looked at green public procurement is voluntary beyond EU directives. But for some countries like Italy and Estonia in our case studies, GPP is mandatory for selected number of product groups. Currently there's been a mandatory use of minimum environmental criteria since 2016 for priority groups which include construction and road transport so the ones we're looking at. But at the same time we found a study that showed that implementation rate of these criteria for public buildings was only 18% despite being mandatory. There's a big gap between the goals, even with mandatory rules and the actual implementation. And this is due to a lack of penalty systems and follow up mechanisms. In France, starting in 2026 there's a new law that will come into place and it is that at least one environmental criteria has to is mandatory in all procurements, but for procurement, sorry, procuring authorities that procure for at least 50 million euros per year. So but it's interesting with this rule because it allows for freedom on the formulation and the impact of the criteria. So it could result actually in an unchanged outcome you can design a criteria that doesn't really change. You know who the final tender gets to not who wins the final bid. Sorry. And generally we also find a lack of follow up and whether mandatory rules are applied and when they're winning bids follow the requirements and score that contributed to winning the bids. As we, we already mentioned the example of Italy where there's a lack of penalties and follow up mechanisms. Another example is Sweden where there's currently no follow up and penalty mechanisms for the application of the clean energy vehicles So this was our summarized findings and based on that we have a few recommendations. So the first one is that we need to set product specific carbon baseline values and targets and establish mandatory product level minimum carbon criteria, which is gradually sharpened I think here that it should be done in collaboration with trade association to ensure that the requirements follow and support the conversation pathways, so that we face out products with low environmental performance but also really give a push to to scaling up new technologies. We also think we need to introduce voluntary reward system for best performing offer and this is really like to highlight you know highlight the best performance not only cut off the band performers. So I think we need to expand you directives to include embedded emissions and impose you level minimum penance of thresholds if criterias are not met. Turning now to the monitoring systems. I'll take a sip of water. So here are key findings are that's generally the data is lacking on the practices impact and mitigation potential of green public procurement, which makes it difficult to arc for the best value for money of green public procurement, and also hard to follow up on progress made which is also not not very good incentive to make progress. In most countries we see that the national plans are regularly followed up on. But there's large differences in terms of systematic monitoring of the use of green criteria. And this is because it's not harmonized across countries, and we get basically incomplete and incomparable results. One thing for example is that the definition for the EU and member states are not the same. And it creates this like there is some monitoring but it's done in very different ways. In Estonia, for instance, we found that the monitoring system caught less green public procurement than actually performed. But and we also found that France was a good examples there was a good example there where they have a dedicated observatory for public purchases, which annually compiles data and makes it publicly available. In terms of impact monitoring so so you know not just monitoring whether the there was a green criteria or the number of procurements but actually the impact of this changed process of having green materials. That is still nascent so in the middle we saw the Netherlands was one of the only countries from our case studies that attempted to monitor procurement impact in terms of save greenhouse gas emissions. We found some good examples at some national level in Berlin and Catalonia efforts to do so. So this leads me to our recommendations in terms of monitoring systems. Here we see that we think we need that you level developing harmonized systems for definitions methodologies and reporting and monitoring to support following up on the use and environmental criteria considerations and procurements and assessing the environment, environmental impact of put your procured products. Sorry. And we also need to set mandatory annual reporting on environmental impacts and uptake on member states public procurement. Finally, we need to develop tools to allow procuring entities to monitor been public procurement uptake and its impact at the organization level to support aligning internal goals and create better incentives at the, at the, you know, really at the organization level, the organization level, and that would also help reporting efforts. Great. And so our final category is the largest one implementation and uptake so you will see we've divided up here in a few more slides. So if we start with implementation. So there's a lot of tools and support mechanisms that have been developed member states and you provide training capacity building and a help desk desk. This is everywhere. And in some countries, as well as the EU, there is criteria databases that have been developed for green public procurement, as well as life cycle costing or LCA based tools. And here a very famous example is the Netherlands, where multiple tools have been developed specifically for low carbon procurements, one called the CO2 performance ladder for instance, to help evaluate tenders. A couple of countries and as well as the EU have also developed collaboration platforms for procurers and public private sector groups. So to create more interaction between the public and private sector. And despite all these efforts to create, you know, better support for implementation, we see that many barriers remain. And the most common ones are the lack of knowledge capacity and peer to peer learning at the procurement officer level. We also have resources to spend time on procuring in new ways and this includes also learning about and using the tools provided. So, basically, even if there's many tools that being developed, the procurement officers themselves need to learn about them understand how to use them, and that requires time. We also see for example that annual budgets at organizational level can create split incentives. Another classic barrier is the lack of standardized data and reporting systems to easily compare and evaluate product impacts. We already kind of touched upon that. Another important one is the lack of public private dialogue to learn about market offerings offerings and ways to procure in creative ways. So basically, this also starts with understanding like making market research and understand what can be, but what is the innovative or new way of procuring. But again, this also requires time. And finally, the last one is the lack of mandate and the fear of litigation or disputes, basically creating back procuring in an innovative way may result in getting less, or the worry of getting less bids or creating a dispute because it's a very legal matter. So overall, we see that the good practices that we see they usually rely on very informed and motivated individual but for individuals, but for the majority, there's these barriers still standing in the way. So looking a little bit at the uptake. Here we see that basically there's big differences between countries like we already mentioned and here the numbers that we have is that it ranges from 1% in Poland to 67% in the Netherlands. But as we said previously, these numbers are quite as hard to compare and potentially incomplete because of the problematic monitoring systems. The number of states experience difficulties in systematically using green public procurement in an impactful way we see this gap between the targets and the actual implementations. However, in some countries, regions in cities, they're already ambitious and then innovative practices. For example, Catalonia, Berlin and we'll hear a bit about that in the panel discussion. So still a lot of a lot of examples to be excited about. So we have a little longer list of recommendations to try to improve the implementation and uptake. The first ones in terms of implementation are to further develop harmonize and promote the available tools and support material to ensure accessibility to put yours. This includes for example having them translated the ones produced at the level. We also need to develop standardized reliable product specific methods to calculate and report environmental data. We need to develop harmonized training programs, including components that support assessing the innovation potential as well as the procurement needs. And we also need to simplify the terminology and provide implementation guidelines for procurement directives to reduce this fear of litigation. And our next set of recommendations are on more mandates and resources so we need to ensure that procurement officers have clear mandates and adequate financial resources to play a strategic role in implementing green public procurement practices. We need to develop educational material demonstrating the green public procurement societal and monetary value to build stronger political buying basically have a hard time showing that it's the best value for money because of this lack of data. And finally, in terms of collaboration, we think we need to deepen public private collaboration to and there's some examples already of sector bias groups so we think we need to keep developing those. We're finding new ways of collaboration between procurement officers so they can learn together from each other. So to conclude this long presentation, we see that public procurement is currently really an underused policy instrument that's really powerful and can drive low carbon innovation. There's no potential to turn it into a strategic policy tool. And for that, a GPP policies need to be better aligned with industry transition pathways. Procures need to be giving a clear mandate and capacity to play a strategic role in implementing these visions. And here we really think that the EU can play an important role in supporting the implementation and impactful practices for standardized reporting methods tools mandatory requirements. I want to say again that there are many innovative examples already out there and that are great source for inspiration. But what we think is really important here is that we, we need to get the scale and consistency to really have this impact on the markets that is required for accelerated decarbonization. I will take back some breath and hand over to Evelyn for the panel discussion. Thanks a lot and don't hesitate to share some questions in the Q&A if you have some I can try to answer them in the chat. Yeah, they are already great. You can check them. But yeah, I will take over here. We have prepared also some panel discussion. I'm happy to introduce here our panelists today. We have here Nancy Gillis, who is Program Head of Climate Action and First Movers Coalition in the World Economic Forum. Welcome Nancy. We also have here Anna Esteve-Tramaseth, Environmental Qualification Service Technician, a Directorate General for Environmental Quality and Climate Change Ministry of Climate Action in Government of Catalonia. And also Rona Vishov, Police Analyst at the Internal Institute for Sustainable Development. Welcome all our panelists and we have prepared some questions for the panelists but you are also welcome to post them in the Q&A in the chat. And we will take them as we can and we will see how many there are and we will combine them a little bit. And also yeah, if you have some questions related to study then also put them in chat and we try to answer them during the panel discussion or take them if needed also. So, Rona, you and your team at ASD have been working on similar research. Could you tell us a little bit more about that? What were your key findings and how do you or how do they relate to what Astrid just presented? Thanks Evelyn. Yes, we've done research about a specific GPP tool, the CO2 performance letter. The CO2 performance letter is an instrument for low carbon procurement and for carbon management for companies. And it has a long track record of being used in GPP in the Netherlands and in Belgium. So now we researched the potential of using this specific tools also in other European countries and we're about to publish our feasibility study about the potential of the CO2 performance letter. And while Astrid was presenting the findings, I really thought a lot of our findings overlap. So we also really see this growing momentum for GPP. It's high on the agenda of many countries and many procuring authorities and many really want to consider carbon emissions in their procurements, which is driving a demand for new tools. A lot of tools are out there already, but procuring authorities are still really using for which tools to use and how. And still monitoring GPP remains one of the main challenges that we heard about. GPP output is increasingly monitored so we know a little bit more now about the number of henders with green criteria, but we still have a long way to go when it comes to actually monitoring the impact, the outcomes of GPP. How many tons of carbon emissions are really reduced to GPP? So that is really the question that many people ask themselves now. And this also needs that we need more practical tools. We heard about the capacity constraints that many procurers face. They don't have the time or they don't have the knowledge to really integrate sustainability into their tenders in a meaningful way. So they really need practical tools that help them to raise their ambition level. But it also means that they need training both the procurers and the suppliers. I'll leave it at that. Anna, you work directly with procurement at the Government of Catalonia. How do these findings relate to your experiences of the daily hurdles of trying to implement GPP? The experience of the Government of Catalonia fits very well with the results of the study. In Catalonia, GPP is voluntary, but there is an action plan with an objective of achieving 50% of GPP in 2025. Currently, nowadays, we have 41% of GPP in Catalonia. We have since 2016 a follow-up system, a monitoring system, to have this data. And every year we try to have better data because, first of all, the procurers want to introduce the procurements in the public register. They have to check if it includes or not environmental clauses. And we do an effort to check if this data is correct or not for every ministry and public agency. I think that it's important to check the data provided by the procurers because if not, it could be a little bit tricky. And another result that I very agree with the study is that it's very important the cooperation between ministries here in Catalonia, the responsibilities of GPP are shared between the Ministry of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agency that I belong to, and the Ministry of Economic and Finance. And we cooperate for years and it's very, I think that it's the key of the successful of the GPP in Catalonia because, for instance, we develop guidelines for procurers for some product groups and all these guidelines are approved at the end for the administrative contracted advisory board. These give a lot of legal security to procurers and they use these guides broadly and we also cooperate to monitor the data of GPP and to develop indicators for GPP. And we also green all the centralized contracts and framework agreements of the Ministry of Economics and Finance and it makes that the data of GPP are very higher now. And on the other hand, I think that it's important also the cooperation between different public administrations. For that, we, for instance, we are a member of Procura Plus to know the best practices around Europe and for us it's very useful because we can share experience with another countries and a lot of times we will learn experiences that we can introduce in our tenders and for us it's very useful because it's difficult to know the market and the market now nowadays is international and if a close it's good for Italy, I don't know, or Sweden, it's also, we can also introduce this close, we know the results, the problems that we can have with the bidding and for us it's very useful and we also have a network of Catalan public administrations, local and regional, because we want to harmonize a little bit the green clauses that we include in tenders to give a clear signal to the market and also to share experiences and it's very useful also for us and what these are the most important results that fits with our reality. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for sharing that. We now turn to Nancy. You have a long experience of working with GPD, both at the Obama administration as well as global electronic council which provided training for procurement offices, officers. What are your reflections when hearing about our findings. Thank you very much for including me. I am in an interesting position because as was mentioned, I have a long history of working in GPP so public procurement as a way towards addressing sustainability or reducing climate impacts. But that was of course in my time at being a representative of the US government and working in public procurement there. Or as the CEO of the global electronics council that actually runs one of the leading equal labels for it equipment. But now I'm on the side of leveraging private sector procurement, being here at the World Economic Forum as part of the first movers coalition. What's interesting as we have had this conversation to see where there are changes over the last 20 years of my career in what's been being driven by public procurement. And now what is the role of public procurement, even harnessing and leveraging what private sector procurement is doing. So first, I would just say that I agree with all of the findings that that was shared, and also want to highlight the importance of collaboration amongst industry. Excuse me, amongst agencies, particularly also the collaboration necessary now between public sector and private sector where it's relevant cement and concrete. An area that the first movers coalition focuses on very relevant. Even some of the additional long range transportation sectors where governments actually do procure in trucking and aviation and shipping. Again, what what I see is really important is the collaboration between what their what is being asked for for within public procurements and what is potentially now being asked for in private sector as well. And then I think what is a really big important aspect of what needs to still happen is definitions. So we talked about run you talked about pragmatic tools. It's not only the tools, because there are many of them, it's really the what are you asking for what is a credible definition of a net zero product or or supplier. And so this is or service even. So I think really one of the big emphasis that I continue to see is how do we define it so that when we are monitoring that it's being bought appropriately, that we know. And then the last I would say in interest of time as well, and forgive me for my camera, it has now turned into a very sunny day to where I am, which is nice but not for an on on camera discussion. But it's not only the standards and making sure we actually know what what we're buying that it's credibly more sustainable or my case. I think the last is then also this question of that Ronnie brought up impact. We used to now monitor for do we have the contract clauses have we actually included in procurements increasingly and this is where I see the shift in now private sector taking it's not have I put it in there it's still what what is the actual impact and absent our ability to not only monitor and say okay, this has been included the terms have been met, but to quantify that into an impact. I think that's going to be one of the big challenges that's coming at us much faster than we're actually prepared to address. So that would be my feedback from the findings but I thought the research and the findings themselves. Wonderful. And I can't help but say having been in the field of procurement as a way to actually address and increase sustainability and address the climate emergency that we're in. It is so exciting to see this recognized as such a powerful way, especially from a policy mechanism that I hope many, many more countries will now implement and really leverage. Yeah, thank you. Thank you Nancy for this valuable feedback. Now going back to Anna. What do you think is the most important action for the EU to take to make GBB easier to implement for you at the government of Catalonia. For us it's very important to know the reality of the market, and we make a lot of efforts to do to cooperate with the private sector. Doing prior market consultations, market dialogues, but sometimes it's not easy to have data and to know exactly the reality of the market. For that, I think that the guidelines of the European Commission about GPP are very useful for procurers around Europe, but they cover a few products and services. 14 I think currently and I think that it's important to make this that the European Commission or in a in a European level. An organist, an organist could do this, this effort to to have some minimum criteria or a standard of environmental criteria that could work that the market is prepared to and that it's aligned with the environmental European policies. I think that it's it's really, really important for us. And on the other hand, I think it's also important to have easy tools or methodologies to assess the environmental impact of GPP. Currently we can we have this data we know the percentage of economic value and the percentage of number of contract and procurements that include environmental clauses, but we need to say to the politicians and to the society, which is the advantages of doing that, because if not, I think it's difficult that GPP being a strategic tool for environmental policies. We need methodologies that are the maximum harmonize around Europe easy to easy free and for for bidders and also for procurers to check this data and to communicate the benefits of GPP. We only made a pilot project to evaluate the CO2 emission savings of some tenders related with vehicles and IT products. It was very interesting, but covers only the use phase is a specific part of the environmental impact of the products and I think that it's necessary to develop this tool for me. It's the it's the most important to communicate and and to position GPP as a strategic tool for environmental policies. Thank you. Thank you. Now a question to Ronja from from chat. To what extent can the CO2 ladder work in other countries. Or maybe you can also mention which countries you have. Yes, of course. It's a very good question a question I thought about for the last one and a half years. So thanks for bringing that up. We researched 10 European countries in detail like Germany, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, the UK, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Poland and Slovenia. And we do see a big potential for the CO2 performance ladder. I mean, it has 13 years of track record in the Netherlands. So we know that this aligned with the procurement directive and it is legally safe to use and a lot of material is available. We do see a need, of course, for training procurers and also informing the market that this tool is coming because the companies need to get certified on the CO2 performance ladder. They can get certified and that of course needs preparation. But we see the great potential there because the CO2 performance ladder is third party verified. So it's not the task of the procurers to check whether the companies really meet the requirements that they put in the tender, but the third party does that. And this is really a way to overcome these capacity constraints that we heard so much about. Like really relying on third party proof makes this process of ambitious GPP a lot easier. And in the interest of time, I'll leave it at that. But I will also share a link to some of our materials and our feasibility study is coming up in the next weeks. Thank you. Thank you. And now we turn to Nancy. You are currently head of First Northwest Coalition, a group of companies trying to implement similar principles but within the private sector. Would you say that the EU is lagging behind in terms of implementing policies and securing markets for clean products. I always love making myself popular. And I hope that most people have gone to get another cup of coffee because yes. I do believe that the EU is lagging behind because what building on what Rania just shared. And it has as well. It's the fragmentation it's waiting for GPP to actually get down to implementable levels. And it's the inability to actually leverage some of the tools that are out there that I have found both in public sector time that I had and now increasingly in private sector, which is the use of standards and more importantly, equal labels. So I pointed out something where that what it is is defined clearly is publicly available. A company can decide to meet it. And then a third party validates that it has been met. And that what the procure just needs to know is this is this an acceptable in that it has been third party validated and does it cover the category that I'm buying it and give me enough access to the products and services. My, my country, my city, my company, my organization and my program needs. Right. It really does reduce the reliance on training capacity building that we find is still a big inhibitor to engaging in sustainable procurement public or private sector. So I think what the United States is doing right now, as an example to what the EU isn't is at the federal level, creating a single list of standards and equal labels third party validated and pushing all of their spend against in all of the categories that they buy. I think it just simplifies it and it really helps private sector supply base because then you have a lot of money going against a very clearly defined group of products and services that are being considered credibly sustainable or addressing from the carbon perspective so even looking at embodied carbon. And I think that really is a leadership position, and is something that's not what I'm seeing in the EU at this time. Thank you Nancy so it's clear that we have to keep up. Yeah, so it's good that we have also hope that our findings and our work also are contributing to to that. But I now thank you all the panelists. It was, it was really good having you here and addressing our findings and answering and giving your feedback and experiences to us. And I now give over to or back to Astrid for the closing words. Exactly so I want to take more of your time just wanted to share that. There's already some material out there that you can find on our website. Three briefs describing and comparing the so Sweden and the Netherlands, Estonian Poland, Germany and France and here we chose them to see a little bit similarities and differences for countries that are seemingly similar so the Netherlands for example seen as front runners in in Europe but are actually quite different. And the project report with all eight case studies and more on the EU legislation will come out anytime soon. So we'll share that with you as soon as we have it with recording of this session and with the slides. And there will also be a policy brief covering the key insights and recommendations that you heard today. So thank you again for participating. And I'm sharing here the context of my colleagues, which will be, because I would actually be moving on from SCI so please reach out to Catherine I've lean or Eileen for future work. And big thank you. And yeah, goodbye everyone.