 Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32G0 Voltage Reference Buffer. It covers the main features of this block, which creates an on-chip reference voltage. The VREF buffer, embedded in STM32G0 microcontrollers, provides a stable voltage based on an internal band-gap reference for use by both the analog to digital and digital to analog converters. Its output voltage is programmable to 2.5 or 2.048 volt. This output voltage can also support external loads up to 4 milliamps. External bulk and bypass capacitors are required when the internal VREF buffer is used. Applications can benefit from this on-chip voltage reference, as it eliminates the need for an expensive external standalone reference voltage IC. For space-constrained systems, it's common to use the analog supply as the reference voltage. By using this VREF buffer instead, it can create a stable voltage, even if the analog supply is changing, for example when the VDDA supply comes from a battery output. Two reference voltage values can be chosen. The 2.5 volt value requires a VDDA greater or equal than 2.8 volt. The VREF plus pin can deliver at maximum 4 milliamps. In this case, the VREF buff consumption from VDDA is 50 microamps. The voltage is held with the external capacitor. When the VREF plus pin is double-bonded with the VDDA pin in a package, the voltage reference buffer is not available and must be kept disabled. Please refer to the datasheet for a full pin-out description for each package. The internal voltage reference can be configured in four different modes, depending on ENVR and HIZ bits configuration. After enabling the VREF buff buffer by setting ENVR bits and clearing HIZ bit in the VREF buff CSR register, the user must wait until the VRR bit is set, meaning that the voltage reference output has reached its expected value. The VREF buffer is active in the following power modes, run, sleep, low power run, low power sleep, stop 0 and stop 1 modes. In stand-by and shutdown modes, the VREF buffer is powered down and it must be reinitialized after waking up from these modes. This table shows certain performance parameters for the VREF buffer. The VREF buffer can work from 2.4 to 3.6 volt for a 2.048 volt output and 2.8 volt to 3.6 volt for a 2.5 volt output. The quiescent current is very small, even with a 4 milliamps output current. It's possible to disable the VREF buffer when it's not being used. It can be available again 500 microseconds after it is re-enabled. The power supply rejection is 60 decibel. The STM32G0's analog to digital and digital to analog converters use this VREF buffer output. Please refer to the training modules for these peripheral for additional information. Thank you.