 Two-dimensional, 2D transition metal oxides and calcogenides, TMO and CS, have gained increasing interest in recent years due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties. These properties make them ideal candidates for use in photocatalysis, where they can be used to convert light into chemical energy. This review summarizes the properties, synthetic methods, and applications of 2D TMO and C-based photocatalysts. It focuses particularly on strategies to enhance light absorption and charge separation, such as elemental doping, surface modification, and hetero junctions with other materials. Finally, it discusses potential future directions for this field. This article was authored by Farjana Haq, Torban Diniq, Karash Kalantarzadeh, and others.