 Nuo, johonkin, johonkin. Olen, että on hyvä, ehkä tämä tuntuu, kuten olen tekemään, että yksi näistä präsentatioita on, että se on hyvä, että menee eri kompetenssia ja eri kentäriä työryhmisiä, jotta on more theoretical or academic approaches and then practitioner approaches like I am representing here. Or then different fields of development cooperation or economy. I think the world needs in general do much more in this merging and pushing different fields together in order to achieve greater impact in the work that we do. And I certainly have difficulties in following some of my co-speed presenters text because it gets so deep in the academic world. But I'm sure there are competent people who can then merge both the more practitioner and then the academic work. But luckily, like Rachel was mentioning there, I've been co-author of one of these more academic samples which I'm shortly presenting also today and this is about the secondment of Finchurch aid staff to the government of Somalia, which was written a case on it about the one mechanism to support a fragile state. So what is Finchurch aid? We are the largest development cooperation and humanitarian aid organization in Finland, which is focusing very much in the states of fragility. I joined FCA ten years ago and I think then we were discussing that our point was that we are working where others are not. And I think it tells already this that the fragile states, those who in today's language are being left behind, those are our focus countries and I think it's a good one. And this is approach that the rights-based approach also is directing us to watch. It's those contexts which are underprivileged and most fragile people and groups who are most discriminated against that we should be looking at. So you see there some of those countries where we work at Somalia being one of them still. We work three priority areas. It's right to peace, right to livelihood and right to quality education, which are very much interlinked to each other. So for example I've been working in Eritreä now for a long time and although our intervention there is I would say strictly about right to quality education, we cannot be blind to the connections that there are to the livelihoods that where are these trained people then going, what about the jobs, the livelihood options. There are and the implications to peace and stability in their societies and regionally. Just one slide on what I would call the evolution of these internationally agreed guidelines in addressing fragility. These are something that I think we as one as FCA we've been following, we've been studying what they mean and it's been kind of steady progress. I think the world in you know entity has invested a lot in these processes, the governments, but the civil society actors have been firmly on board. I would say increasingly on board. The new deal for engagement in fragile states established in Busan in 2011, there the civil society organizations were explicitly already part of the process. And it's a framework which was I would say much more credible than more tangible, not just the you know rich donors talking to the fragile states, but really those fragile states being on equal footing in the process. And then in addition the civil society in those contexts fragile context and internationally like FCA we were on board. And then finally the SDG 16 on peace justice and strong institutions, which is very much continuing the spirit of picking up where the new deal has reached. So this is a framework which FCA also has been following which the case study in the publication that Rachel was mentioning is very much referring to. I think this case it's still the boldest thing in my, if I would write my memoirs so this would feature in the biggest way there but I'm happy that now it's been written in more professional way not least thanks to Rachel and Rowley of course who was the other, Rowley lepistet the other the main author in the article. And if I'm thinking of the study or the case so Fincher Jade had been working in a fragile state Somalia for a long time. We had been working with the religious leaders and traditional leaders with the clans which really represent the people and they have the legitimacy and we knew this and we had been supporting their peace building work quite successfully I would say with the generous support of the government of Finland. So Finland the Minister for Foreign Affairs really saw this as a priority and our funding was big from the inception when we started around 2008. We had also been working with the international community with the United Nations, the UN Post, the UN political office for Somalia but we hadn't been working with the government and of course it was the position of the transitional federal government was not the strongest so it was contested all the time but still we felt that based on what FCA believes in our rights based approach that we not only work with the rights holders but also with the duty bearers and the accountability between the two that we really need to ask the question from the government that how can we help, what can we do for you and we come to one sunny afternoon in Nairobi in 2012 when we are sitting with the Minister of Constitution and Reconciliation, Abdi Hosh and I think it was then myself asking the question that Mr. Minister what can Finchurch aid do for you, how can we support and the Minister had immediate answer he was pointing to my colleague next chair, Mahdi Abdele and saying that I want this man to be my right hand man in the crucial state building processes in the months to come and this is a textbook example that we are not imposing something we are asking what the local ownership that what does the government want what does the duty bearer want and there is a request and then we were able to pull it through that we were able to send this colleague of ours Mahdi Abdele to the field many issues came together that he was willing to do it not an easy solution with the family man living in Finland for 20 years and now going to Somalia which was far from safe for example and it's also very clearly kind of logical continuation of the internationally agreed framework that I was discussing earlier about the local ownership how we need to be working so it really came together we look at the ministry it was only the minister plus one so now it was three persons with our FCA second man there so it was clearly badly needed thing to do but you know I think by the time of the writing 2014-15 of the article I considered this a huge success and I still do and something that really can be replicated and I still think that this kind of capacity support as one form of development assistance or development cooperation is something that everybody should have in their toolbox but then again if you think about impact then I think we can be a bit more critical that is this even if replicating such second man will this achieve overcoming fragility and I think it needs a few more studies before we go there and there has been lots of critique towards the new deal and how things are working and the next slide let me please first read it and then I start talking because I think it's the most crushing critique which is very difficult to counter but that's impressive one this was an email by an UNDP colleague working in one of the countries the Ebola struck in 2015 in West Africa and I was then working as part of the home of the new deal the international dialogue for peace building and asking for an appointment with this guy whom I knew well and he was very sharp but I was very open that it comes with the new deal and I'm not strictly FCA now and then comes this response about aspirational model and distant donor rhetoric and unfortunately I could confirm that this was the case in my interviews in those countries I discussed with the donors with the switch with the US and it was basically a snake in the barrel they were saying that the countries in concern they don't want this we have tried this for a couple of years and our capitals are pushing it and it's not flying and they believe so this kind of aspirational model it clearly showed that although it had and still has many of the good ingredients is the method still wrong if it's not flying if the impact is not there I shift into completely different domain now but I think it's some it's based on this at least partly failure the internationally agreed ways to address fragility that we have been as FCA working on so what would work how can we then build genuine local ownership in those countries where which are in fragility trap or in situations of fragility the statistics is of course very grim that 2030 80% of the world's poor will be in fragile state so there's so much to do we have been developing in FCA a new instrument which would address one of the key issues in which is also part of the new deal which is this kind of economic logic in overcoming fragility and now this is again about the mixing of the fields I have privileged enough to work with a colleague who is coming strictly from the financial investment field we have been developing this tool called Finchurch Aid Investment which will be launched very soon and you will hear more about it but it will be investing in small and medium size enterprises in those countries where FCA is working there's a good statistics to support this that you look at the SDGs and how what is the gap in financing 2.5 trillion a year the annual gap in reaching the SDGs and you look at the expectations towards the private sector it's huge expectations actually that they are stepping in because the traditional development cooperation funding it's either decreasing or staying where it is but now it's not exponentially increasing so something new needs to be there and now the world has said that it's the private sector but it seems that the incentives are not always there but the problem statement actually is quite clear about the role of SMEs in the developing world that this so called missing middle that there are small and medium size enterprises which are willing to grow there are people who are enthusiastic to grow their businesses, hire new people pay better taxes for governments which desperately need this money for the good public spending the logic is there but the funding for these SMEs is missing so this is why what we are now doing in the as we speak not alone of course but with partners is to seek ways to support these small and medium size enterprises in those countries where FCA is operating and this is a further slide on the problem that the so called missing middle problem that the financing is unavailable and now this is what I have been saying it relates to all developing countries of course and this is the main problem for the whole SDGs and the magnitude but what about then if we start talking about fragile states it's those states where FCA is currently operating so we see a big possibility for us being one of those partners which is looking for solutions in the most fragile states you can understand the companies who want profit they are not eager to first start investing in Somalia, South Sudan CAR or Eritrea there is a lot of work that needs to be done before such investments can go but due to our country presence in those countries perhaps we can be helpful but it takes a lot of work but now we are having one tool which hopefully could be one of those contributing to these fragility problems in the world that we are operating in this is the final slide it's a very superficial conclusions but maybe just a reminder to ourselves also that the fragility is not overcome there's been lots of good studies lots of good recommendations by the World Bank, the OECD and UNDP and others but many countries risk being left behind it's time to wake up in the SDGs already now because like I mentioned this financing for the SDGs in the most fragile states it's an issue that should be raised by us and by others yes I already mentioned about this blurring of the lines between development actors, development finance institutions and private sector I think much more should be done adding also the academic side here so I really look forward to understanding better the research is also done by fellow speakers here and it all should be just directing to better impact on ground from our perspective thank you