 Ladies and gentlemen, very warm welcome to module 147, Entrepreneurial Decean Making. Now, let us talk on the Entrepreneurial Decean Making. Here, I am going to give you the example of the Howard Steveson, a professor of Harvard University. What he believes that the entrepreneurship represent a mode of managing an existing firm that distinct from the way existing firms are traditionally managed. Second opinion, which he believed that managers are all organization level have critical strategic role to fulfill for the organization to be successful. Senior middle and first level managers have district responsibility which are then associated with the particular managerial action. And then, if you look at Ireland, Coven or Hospice, it is written in 2005, it argues that the middle level managers work as a change agent and promoter of the innovation facilitated by their positioning in the organization hierarchy. So, what are the change agents, that is very important. Now, let us talk about the Entrepreneurial Decean Making, which I gave you a lot of examples of Jeff Bezos, I gave you a new platform of Google, YouTube, so you can watch it. One Buffet, in recent times, who watch all of your clips, he said that the places of amusement, as many platforms are there, you should look at your profitization or profitability. And look at your businesses, look at their expansions, your word connectivity, nods or nod development, then in this, in your web development, you will see that everything is changing. There was a time in which you used to watch Adobe Premiere in web development, you used to pay attention to Java, C++ and languages and codification. Now, the option of Dragon Paste, you are designing your website, you have a lot of exemplary websites, you have some websites in the name of Viz, you have to make your interface, you have to develop content, things will come for you and this is very easy way for you people to make the business. Now, in Pakistan, normally, this trend is less, for example, you have small startups, you need a website, you have small startups, you must be on Facebook, you have small startups, you must be on Insta, so your social media campaigns should be there, now in that, whether you are doing a merchant tile, your tiles are marble and in your business, or you have a shop across the river, it does not matter, the matter is the process and your availability, your face ability and where you are present. So now, here, what I have said, you write words in 5 things, they say, first of all, your strategic orientation of the decision making, entrepreneurial decision making is very important, second is the commitment of opportunity, third is the commitment of resources, as I have said, if the tiles are available, the river is available or other things are available, you should have a website handling that you are insuring people, that you are sending a product, in the new era, some people believe in shortcuts, when digitization comes, they think it is just a tension, it will be enough to show something on Facebook, it will not be like that, you must have seen that I do not take the name of Pakistani things, but you must have seen that with groceries, all your things, whether it is construction, whether it is, you just name it, everything is on the, your mega franchises, they are selling on face, or on website, and your online and in the name of super apps, those things have started selling, now in that, you have to make sure that, how is your pursuit on the back end, how is your orientation, how is your strategic orientation, and whether your structure is resources or not, so what happens here, strategic orientation is minus, commitment of opportunity is not there, resources, a structure, philosophy, a growth orientation, or entrepreneurial culture, everything is minus, so most important thing is to develop anything, whatever you have, you cannot sell, just like you are in the upper and cream style, or if you develop other things, for example you have done online selling, so what is the maximum, most of the things that come are not what you have ordered, so this is how trust deficit develops, so in Pakistan, it is necessary for such business people to do what they do, to ensure that, and for that physical presence and physical quality that your factors, quality assurances are very important, then your FAQs are very important, and your feedback is very important, and then to retain it, your employer retentions are very important, that what they got, they actually got the same thing as we get, the things they demanded, so these are the eight level tiers, we will see that GE commitment, corporate entrepreneurship can be made by the resource deployed to the innovation, here it is talking about 5 billion dollars, the annual budget of the research with the 2,800 employer and 1,000 of the whom hold PhD resulting in 2,537 patents through the 2008 general electric company 2009, perhaps no other organization has in the history of the sustained corporate entrepreneurship than does general electric, many of whose innovation we take for granted today, the carbon filament incident to the light bulb, the first practical x-ray technology in 1920, first commercial home television program in 1928, first successful jet aircraft in 1942, so providing the basic technology for the fiber optic communication in 1981, magnetic resonance guide therapy technology in 1993 for the medical diagnosis leading edge technologies of the today, such a breakthrough on a holograph data storage that can allow up to 40 high definition movies to be stored on a single DVD in 2007, so these were the general electric mega decision making examples, that in those developments orientation, commitment of opportunity, commitment of resources, control of resources, management structure, reward philosophy, reward philosophy is master in entrepreneurship or decision making, reward philosophy and the way of not giving credit to anyone is a third class businessmen have started, basically a set culture organizations have started to just not to give the credit, it is wrong to give incentives, it is wrong to discredit so that it gets minus, so growth orientation and entrepreneurial culture, to develop the entrepreneurial culture is important to see the structures, so this is how you make the entrepreneurial decision making, thank you very much.