 The World Health Organization estimates that over 17 million people suffer from neglected surgical conditions, NSEs, which are surgical conditions that are not prioritized by governments or other organizations due to limited resources. This results in a large backlog of untreated cases, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. To address this problem, we propose a framework based on the human rights-based approach, HRBA. This framework focuses on six specific NSEs, including cleft lip-slash-palate, clubfoot, cataracts, hernia and hydroseal, injuries, and obstetric fistula. By defining these conditions, we can better understand their global burden and develop strategies to reduce the backlog of untreated cases. Additionally, we can use the HRBA to identify the social and economic benefits of treating these conditions, such as improved quality of life and increased productivity. Finally, we can use the HRBA to advocate for greater funding and support for the treatment of these conditions. This article was authored by Jamie A. Henry, Angela S. Vogue, Cicely K. Kariuki, and others.