 There's a lot happening in the geospatial community these days globally and one of the major things that they're talking about is the creation of a geospatial knowledge infrastructure which is very much connected to the technologies which are embodied in the fourth industrial revolution. So these are technologies like artificial intelligence, big data, multi-platform earth observation and cloud computing and even high density terrestrial sensor networks. One of the things that we talk a lot about are smart cities, digital twins and as concepts which will be used to sort of govern the way I guess geospatial data and knowledge is used to manage cities. In the talk I'm going to give at the land aid conference I'll be discussing some of these some of these aspects these technologies and what they mean actually for what they might mean for land governance. I don't think we're in a position at the moment to really fully understand what the implications are but there are certainly a number of questions that can be asked and a number of aspects that need to be thought about critically and discussed. What we see with the adoption of these advanced geospatial technologies is cities are really at the forefront of these because of the great density and value of the infrastructures that are embodied there and the density of populations and the importance of cities for economies so there is a very strong focus on the urban areas of the world. It's not only but it's not only the urban areas which will be affected there will also be implications for the more rural less say less economically active or important regions of the world as well. What we're doing at the University of Twente where I work we also have programs on digital twins for example and we are colleagues that are doing research on how to create three dimensional models of cities or other environments how to look at the dynamics of those processes that are going on in those areas but we're also encouraging a critical look at what these digital twins actually mean who decides what is included in the digital twin and what its purpose is and who is more or less an outsider and what are the implications of the decisions that are taken to when designing such systems. We've seen these are not perhaps new questions because we these are questions which have been asked from for many many years also in relation to public participatory GIS for example or just mapping in general where questions about who decides what is mapped who decides how it is mapped who decides what what is the legend who decides what is important and what is not important and these are all really important questions and they will affect and they are affecting the way the geospatial knowledge infrastructure is developing or at least they should affect influence the way that this infrastructure develops so it's important to and one of the things I'll be trying to do in this lecture is to discuss what the implications are for the urban data scopes which are being created and what implications these may have from a more ethical perspective for land governance issues. I hope to see you at the at the conference and to have a discussion with you afterwards. Thank you.