 We are discussing how to teach punctuation. So we will continue discussing some of the strategies we can incorporate as language teachers in our classrooms. For instance, as we discussed in the previous module that we can especially start teaching punctuation at elementary level. So remember that we cannot ignore the significance of punctuation because poorly written work can leave bad impression, negative impression upon the readers. So we can make our students read shorter texts or longer texts and work out how punctuation is used by skillful writers. And then we can make them study a collection of words and make them identify how capital letters are written, why they are written, and what are the reasons actually? They need to work out, figure out the reasons, the rationale behind using small letters and capital letters, right? And where comes brackets or full stops or colons or apostrophe, right? If you look at this activity, for instance, that can be very useful at elementary level. You can, if you look at carefully, look at this slide, you can see that some of the words are starting with capital letters and some are starting with small letters. So we can ask our students and similarly, we can show them passage containing the proper use of capital letters and bad use of capital letters. This is how we can bring in different strategies. And then teaching punctuation can be an interesting area and we can make it in the classroom like in the form of pairs or groups or through collaboration. So at best, what we can do as teachers is to explain some of the conventions. Once the conventions are explained, then we can ask them to write, to punctuate a text, which could be unknown, which could be unseen. As you can see, on this slide, there is a passage, a short passage derived in Cambridge at 1 a.m. It was cold and we ran to the water's edge. Angela hurried up to keep up with him. So we can make our students notice how letters are used, small and capital, why they are not used, why the full stop is not used, what if, what compromises actually the meaning if we don't have punctuation. So this is how these are the norms of writing, which we can incorporate in our teaching. Similarly, we can expose them to some of the dialogues and the reported speech or inverted commas and then make them work like how how do we show that someone is speaking and how with the help of inverted commas or commas or full stops, we can show that someone is speaking and how someone finishes and where does the comma go and where we put the exclamation mark. So teaching punctuation is a messy business, but we can make our students learn punctuation through constant reading, through making them aware of the significance of punctuation by noticing bad examples and by remembering good examples.