 In our first two speakers, they spoke very well, and they mentioned the whole idea of learning from the states. And this is one thing I teach, a number of short-term intensive week-long courses. And on the first day of the program, we always give the students a list of seven different principles that we would follow during the program. One of those principles is learning from your mistakes, so we actually ask the students to make mistakes during the course. Another of the principles is we ask the students to please contribute their own ideas, if they have any ideas to improve the course in any way. And in fact, this was where I first heard about this particular application, known as Anki. It was Dario, an Italian student, so thank you Dario. He gets a nod for this particular presentation. So it's called using Anki as a vocabulary, and before I get going, has anyone ever used Anki before, or have you heard about it? Hopefully, when the 12 minutes are up, you'll have a good idea to use it, and you'll be able to maybe share it with your own students. Even use it for your own learning as well. Okay, so over the next 10 minutes, I'm going to show you what Anki is, how it works, and how it can help both you and your students. So usually at the start of any course, we start with a needs analysis of the students. And can I just ask you, when you conduct a needs analysis with new students in your schools, what are some of the difficulties that they mention with the language? Or what are some of the objectives that they tend to list at the start of their course? Can I have some? This is idiomatic language. Idiomatic language, okay. Understanding different accents. Understanding different accents. So listing skills of course. Prepositions. Let's go recall. Let's go recall, okay. Oh, they have all the bits, but they can't produce. So on paper it's all good for the language. So linking it all together, which would be linked with the let's go recall. Synonyms and homophones. So we often, some of the suggestions that you gave, I've also heard them from my students. And it could be grammar structures, they will need to improve the different skills. Improving listening, especially to native speakers or from different accents. And then certain lexical chunks, phrasal verbs and set phrases, especially with students at a higher level. These can often be the needs that the students will identify at the start of their course. So this presentation is going to be how about the Anki software can help the students with probably the last two points more so vocabulary and phrasal verbs or lexical recall. And I hope that you'll be able to see how useful it can be. Okay, so when we teach a piece of vocabulary for a student to really know and that word to get over the learning burden as a word, we can go into nine different aspects of our particular word or piece of vocabulary. We can look at the form and the meaning. We can look at the concept and the reference. Is it similar to a term in the L1? What are the word associations they have with it? How can they categorize a particular word or phrase? You look at the form of course, so the spoken form. Is the pronunciation and intonation correct? The written form, does it follow the usual English spelling rules? And we will also look at the word parts, the different affixes that make up the words. And then of course the use, grammatical functions, co-locations, and also the constraints, the limitations of use so that it sounds naturally. All of these are very important if we want to get a student to really know a word or a phrase. But of course, one of the challenges. The challenge is that we only have our students, we only have contact time with our students for a certain amount of time per day, especially in short-term courses. Many students will only study for 15 hours, 20 hours a week in a class. So our time is limited. We are under pressure in the syllabus. A lot of our skills, we use a communicative approach. So we simply don't have time to go into each new piece of vocabulary in that much detail, like I showed in the previous slide. Or else another, of course we can come across the situation where some students will be much more familiar with the vocabulary than others. There would always be different levels of learning within the class. And then, but of course, this comes back to what Joanne mentioned in her presentation. She was speaking about the students who will have put a great focus on the exam at the end of their course. And I just listed some of the components of the Cambridge, Eastwell, Sweden exams. Because really, especially at the higher levels to score well in the use of English sections, it's very important that students have the in-depth knowledge of the vocabulary to be able to succeed in those particular areas. Yeah, sometimes just in the classroom, in the contact time that we have with the students, we simply don't have time to go into the detail that is necessary. So that's where independent learning on behalf of the students comes into play. And I will show you how the Anki software can help your students achieve their goals. So here's a solution. If anyone else was at the EOTG R&D annual conference this February, you would have heard Sean more than who told us that mobile learning can make you and your students happy. Okay, sorry. But basically, I didn't know this here in Atlantic language globally, that you have a no-mobile in the classroom policy. But in fact, nowadays, it's important that we do embrace mobile technology because this is what our students use all the time. And if we can facilitate learning in an app, why not embrace it? Why not allow our students to bring it to us with them so that they can improve their learning on the go through a medium that they understand and that they will be using anyway. So I want to talk to you about the Anki-Droid flashcards. Do you use flashcards yourselves with your students, or does it depend on the level? It depends on the level. Sometimes you use them in inventories and reading e-hits. Exactly, and for me, before I discovered this software, I would have only considered using flashcards with those lower level students. But I think the beauty of the software is that it's very flexible and you can adapt it to students of any level. In fact, they aren't just used for language learning, but they're used across the board in any subject that requires memory recall and language, there will be vocabulary gaps which will indeed be the communicative process if that lexical recall isn't there. So they can be used in an app of the student studying for law exams. It's not just language, but over the next couple of slides I'll show you how you can apply them to your language teaching. Okay, so what are Anki flashcards? Anki is a program which makes remembering things easy, and it is based on two simple concepts. The first being active recall testing, and the second being space repetition. So I mentioned earlier on that our time with her students is limited. So of course we can encourage students to read widely, to watch English language television programs and listen to the radio, interact with native speakers as much as possible. But one way that Anki flashcards differ from these methods of learning is using these flashcards, it's an active form of learning. Often watching television or reading can just be a passive form of learning. With the flashcards, they work the same way as the flashcards that you might have used with lower level teachers. You'll have a question and then an answer, but it's up to you to think of the answer, and then check, confirm if you've had it right. Space repetition is another key feature of this program which I'll talk to you about in a moment. So another feature of our memory, we have to use it or lose it. So can anyone tell me what you've had for dinner last Monday week? I think that's the 11th of May. I want to have every day. One thing about it, because unless it was a very memorable restaurant or party and you told your friends and colleagues regularly about it, you simply won't remember it. And according to the developers of MP, we forget 75% of material learned within a 48-hour period. So this idea of repetition is very important and it comes to this idea of space repetition. So what space repetition means, basically it's a fancy way of saying don't cram. What we need to do is we need to have repeated contact with the material over a long period of time. And what the Yankee flashcards will do is they will allow us to be exposed to the new material, the new vocabulary as it may be, over a long space of time. The way it actually works. And this is, I suppose, the key selling point of Yankee even though it is free open-source software, so I'm not here to sell anything. But when you try to recall an answer, you get a chance to give it a rating. So you say is it hard, medium or easy? If it's an easy answer, you might not see that card again for another five days. If it's a word or a term that caused a lot of difficulties for you to recall or you simply didn't remember, didn't know it, you'll repeat it much more frequently. Perhaps every five or ten turns in the card pack. So this is the way it works. So it means that it's the way of sorting the most challenging material so that you'll be exposed to it on a more regular basis, thereby helping memory recall. So the original sold in Yankee was, you can forget about it, forgetting. And just before we go for our coffee break, I'm just going to give you a short demonstration of what it looks like. And basically, it's open-source software and there are many educators and learners who put together databases of these cards in a host of different subjects. So we have languages on the top and then other subjects in the second category. Here are some of the ones that I use just for my own learning and also my teaching. Here is a pack that I downloaded with idioms and phrasal verbs. Often the areas that can challenge are B2C1 learners, bring up. The student will have this displayed on their smartphone. They will have to try to recall the definition or maybe a sentence with bring up. And then they get the meaning and maybe an example. And right here we have the red, green and blue options. So you simply categorize how easy was it for you to recall that definition. And then this will automatically sort it. So you either get that definition again frequently or that's just frequently, depending on how hard it was. So just some of the advantages. It helps with self-directed learning and memory recall. There are hundreds and thousands of databases that you can download for yourself or which can be much more easily, you can create your own content as well. So especially for English for specific purposes and you could set this as a task for your students to create different databases. It's very simple to use and they have a very self-explanatory manual on the web. So the resources, thank you flashcards, you can get it on the Android or an iPhone app. There is a very clear manual online and James at EnglishWeb.com is my e-mail address if you have any other questions about it.