 Good evening everyone and amongst us we have Advocate Vinesh Rao who not only deals with the advocacy as such but his passion for prevention of animal cruelty is one of the takes that we thought that on the eve of Mahatma Gandhi's birthday as well as of Lal Bahadur Shastri why not we speak in respect of animal cruelty when the constitutional framers itself in terms of article 48 gives us the way and insights to look into it though on animal cruelty it will be a much larger canvas but today's session would be on the cattle smuggling and legal analysis thereof and as we all know those who have been connected with us we bring speakers who have immense knowledge similarly Vinesh Rao is a well known name not only the advocacy part but the way he takes things forward to make things simplified he makes he blocks unblocked just like a Rubik you that one can understand how things are to be sorted out and what are the ways and aspects things can be looked and I will ask Mr. Vinay to take over the baton and share his knowledge over to you and we are thankful that you have accepted our invite. Thank you Vikas ji I am extremely grateful that you have given me this opportunity and your platform to discuss and talk about the laws relating to prevention of animal cruelty and the laws which are relevant to ensure the prevention of cattle smuggling which is widespread mostly in the border areas the reason I wanted to talk about this subject is that I have seen in my practice I have appeared across various high courts like for most of the bordering states high courts like Tripura, Assam, Odisha, Calcutta, Meghalaya and I have also appeared before various magistrate in session courts so in my experience I have realized that the knowledge about the prevention of cruelty act and the rules relating to the cruelty act is very low whenever I appear I see that the lawyer from the other side are not so well versed with the law and the jurisprudence which have evolved over a period of time relating to this prevention of cruelty not only that I see that even the judges not only they do not have much idea about this particular branch of the law but unfortunately most of the time they do not have the readily available books also to deal with such matters so what we do most of the time is to carry a compilation which we hand over to the other side which we hand over to the judges and I also feel that a lot of knowledge of this particular branch of law is required to be disseminated in the society so the society while we are all very well aware of our in these present times we are aware of our fundamental rights but very little is known about our fundamental duties towards the animals so I feel that it is extremely important that as a citizen we know little bit about our fundamental duties also with respect to the citizens article 51 a g within bracket small g that clearly states that it shall be the duty of the citizens to have compassion for living creatures and while in acting article 51 a g and giving it to the status of fundamental duty one of the objects sought to be achieved by the parliament was to ensure that the spirit and message of article 48 and 48 a are honored as a fundamental duty of every citizen article 51 g a capital a within bracket small g enjoins that it is a fundamental duty of every citizen to have compassion for living creatures which means concerns for suffering sympathy and kindness it is further article 51 capital a within bracket h says that it shall be the duty of every citizen to develop the scientific temper humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform particular emphasis has been made to the expression humanism which has a number of meanings but increasingly it also means sensibilities for our species human humanism also means to understand the compassion mercy for the animals who cannot look after themselves so it is the duty of this every citizen to look after the welfare and well-being of the citizens and it is our duty to prevent the infliction of pain or suffering on animals therefore if we read both article 51 a g and edge then we would realize that it is our fundamental duty to ensure the well-being of the animals and also to prevent the unnecessary inflection of pain upon the animals so before I deal with the subject of cattle smuggling which is my primary subject of the day I would like to begin with a little bit of history of article 48 which you see was incited to enjoin a duty upon the states to prevent slaughtering of the animals while many of the states have brought out the law to prevent cattle slaughter but unfortunately it is not implemented in the manner and the street in which it should have been implemented but the most unfortunate part of it is that a very large amount of smuggling takes place mostly to the Bangladesh Bangladesh shares over 4000 kilometers of boundary with India out of which 2100 kilometer is shared with West Bengal and 400 kilometer under South Bengal particularly is a very poorest zone and this is the South Bengal some of the areas such as Kugli, Ilam Bajjar, Rampur Heart, Suti, Murchidabad are the areas to which the cattle are smuggled to Bangladesh in fact it would be surprised to know that almost 76 percent of the smuggling of the cattle takes place through West Bengal you see the reason for smuggling to Bangladesh is mostly that there is a high beef demand in Bangladesh moreover there are large beef processing units in Bangladesh to export to other European countries and US and other countries so the cattle from states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Harkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Odisha are brought to the markets in West Bengal and then they are smuggled across Bangladesh border even though the government through the health of the border security force has tried to prevent cattle smuggling over years and the cattle smuggling has reduced in numbers but still a lot of work needs to be done now here comes the role of us citizens and the NGOs to help the government in prevention of cattle smuggling the question arises as to what and how we can we can help the government in prevention of cattle smuggling so before I deal with how to prevent the cattle smuggling it is essential for us to know what are the laws relating to prevention of animal cruelty then I will deal with how we as a citizen and how the NGOs can strengthen the hand of the government to prevent cattle smuggling in any form and in fact prevention of cruelty on any animal not only cattle's prevention of cruelty on any animal in any form in any manner how we can do and how we can perform our fundamental duty so first of all we should know what are the relevant act and what are the relevant provisions or the rules to prevent animal cruelty first of all you must know that there is a prevention of cruelty to animals at 1960 which extensively deals with the laws relating to cruelty these are anti-cruelty laws and how if any cruelty is done to an animal then how the accused should be dealt with then there is prevention of cruelty to animal care and maintenance of case property rules I will just put in the chat box the relevant name of the relevant act and the rules for the benefit of the viewers so this is the main act to prevent the cruelty to the animals then there is there was a rule which was introduced in 2017 to deal with prevention of cruelty to animal care and maintenance of case property in 2017 I will deal with the purpose of this particular provision in a short while then there is transport of animal's rules 1978 there is a rule called prevention of cruelty to regulation of livestock market rules 2017 which deals with how the purchase and sale of the animals in a market place has to be dealt with then there is a also a law rule called prevention of cruelty to animals establishment and regulation of society for prevention of cruelty to animals rules 2001 now in terms of this particular rule prevention of cruelty to animal establishment and regulation of society for prevention of cruelty to animals rule 2001 under section 38 of the prevention of cruelty to animals in 1960 with the view to establish societies for prevention of cruelty to animals in short SPCA in every district in the state so the rule says that every district must have a society for prevention of cruelty to animals but unfortunately despite several order of the supreme court and direction of the honorable supreme court to all the states in the country unfortunately these societies for prevention of cruelty to animals are not yet constituted so if this the responsibility which is enjoined or given to the state that look establish a society for prevention of cruelty to animals where you see the public at large of that particular district and respected citizens can be the member and they can ensure the prevention of cruelty to the animals unfortunately these so-tices are not yet constituted by the government despite the rules being there and despite several judgment of the supreme court in place so it is the responsibilities of the NGOs and the common man to ensure that the prevention of cruelty act is implemented and regulated now I will take you through some of the important provision of the prevention of cruelty act and the relevant rules before I go further because he may be permitted to share the screen or to show the relevant rules it would be useful if I show to the viewers the relevant rules and the act relevant provision of the act and the rules keep on I'm just allowing you that right just told them okay so section three section three of the prevention of cruelty act says that itself is duty of every person having the care or charge of any animal to take all reasonable measures to ensure the well-being of such animal and to prevent the infliction upon such animal of unnecessary pain or suffering so section three very clearly says that every person who has the charge of the animal or who is supposed to take care of the animal should take all measures to ensure the well-being of such animal and to prevent inflection upon such animal of unnecessary pain or suffering now section 11 of this act has provided various manners which will be treated or deemed to be treated as treating the animals too early for example if any person okay is it visible sex this section 11 I'm seeing yes so as you can see section 11 it talks about what will be deemed to be treated as treating animals too early if any person be it sticks over rights over rights overloads tortures or otherwise treats any animal so as to subject it to unnecessary pain or suffering employs in any work or labor or for any purpose any animal which by reason of it says or disease in permitting wound is unfit to be so employed then willfully or unnecessarily administers any injurious drug or injurious substance to any animal then D is very important conveys or carries whether in or upon any vehicle or not any animal in such a manner or position so as to subject it to unnecessary pain or suffering now why I'm saying that this is so important conveys or carries whether in any vehicle or upon value vehicle or not any animal in such a manner or position so as to subject it to unnecessary pain or suffering so if any animal is transported in a cruel manner then it will be dreamed that deemed that such animal has been treated query now I would like to show you the rule the detailed rule relating to the transportation of the animal you'd be surprised to know that there are elaborate rules to deal with how the different animals or the various animals should be transported transport of animal you see it says it provides room for transport of transport of dogs and cats these are very detailed rules you see transport of monkeys then there are rules relating to transport of cattle which starts from 146 so for transportation you will see that a valid certificate by a qualified veterinary surgeon the fact that the cattle are in a fit condition travel by mail or road and are not suffering from any infectious or contagious or parasitic diseases and that they have been vaccinated against interface and any other infectious or contagious or parasitic digital cell company such consignment then rule 48 says that the veterinary first-aid equipment cell accompany all batches of cattle further it says that I'm not reading out each and every room it says that average space provided for cattle in railway Megan or Wacky cell not released in two square meters the cattle shall be loaded after they are properly fed in given water the cattle in the advanced stage of pregnancy cell not be mixed with the young cattle in order to avoid a standpoint during transportation sufficient food and food with adequate results will be carried to the last during the journey water ring arrangement on routes will be made in sufficient quantities of water shall be carried adequate vital ventilations shall be ensured now let us go to rule 56 because rule 55 it is relating to transport by rail and generally you see the cruelty does not happen while transporting the animals through the railways the cruelty happens when the cattle are transported through goods vehicle now for the transportation of a cattle by goods vehicle there are very elaborate rules which is provided in sex room 46 it says that the vehicle shall be a specially fitted goods vehicle with a special type of tailboard and padding around the sides should be used ordinary goods vehicle shall be provided with anti-sleeping materials such as choir matting ordained wood on the floor and the superstructure if the load should be raised no goods vehicle shall carry more than six cattle now this is the most important provision that the goods factory should not carry more than six cattle now invariably we have seen in my experience that whenever a cattle is transported for butchering or smuggling then they are mercilessly loaded in the vehicle while the law says that more than six cattle should not be carried in a vehicle and there should be a minimum space of two square meter per cattle and there should be arrangement for food water and everything unfortunately the cattle are transported in a very very cruel manner you'd be surprised to know that even 35 to 40 cattle are transported in one goods vehicle even a vehicle like bolero there are cases which I have handled where six to eight cattle are loaded so this is very very important that not only in the goods vehicle even in a passenger vehicle like bolero they are able to transport six to eight cattle so how do we prevent such transportation what these NGOs do one of the NGOs which I regularly work with is Dhan Foundation they have Gaushala or animal welfare centers all across the country they work in tandem with the BSF and their volunteers whenever they see because you see generally this cattle transportation which takes place for the purpose of smuggling they were fixed room so so their volunteers keep track of such vacals and in fact they not only they are aware of them there are many such NGOs who informs the local police that look this vehicle is carrying the cattle in a cruel and illegal manner so once such information is given then what is the role of the NGO so here before I go further it would be important to refer to prevention of cruelty to animal care and mention in case property in 2017 now rule three says that the custody of animal spending litigation it deals with the custody of animal spending litigation it says so you see once you inform the police or whether the police on its own had seized an animal which is being transported clearly or which is being dealt with well so once an animal has been seized because the law very clearly says that if any animal is treated clearly then such animal is liable for seizure so once the animal is seized then this rule prevention of cruelty to animal care and maintenance of case property animals rules 2016 which was notified in 2017 springs into action so it says that if any animal is seized then during pendency of the litigation the custody of the animal should be given to an informally kindly referred to rule 3b which says that animal has to be housed at an infirmary pinjera pool spca animal welfare organization or ghosala during the pendency of the litigation now here comes the role of a NGO the NGO can file a application intervention application for custody after filing of the FIR the first requirement is that an FIR must be filed by the local police and even if you see many cases bsf seizes the animal at the border then bfs also bsf also is supposed to approach the local police station for lodging of an FIR so once the animal is seized and the FIR is lodged then a application under section 457 of the CRPC can be filed before the magistrate and the custody can be sought under rule 3 of the prevention of cruelty to animal care and maintenance of case property animals rules 2017 now on custody at the time of giving of the custody it is necessary that the authorities seizing the animal shall ensure the health inspection identification and marking such animal through the jurisdictional veterinary officer deployed at the government hospital and marking should be done by ear taking or by chipping or by any less ixum advanced technology so it is necessary that the animal is identified through some non ixum method and the health inspection of the animal is done after that the magistrate while handing over the custody as per rule 5 shall determine an amount which is sufficient to ensure to cover the all the reasonable expenses which are going to be incurred for the transportation maintenance and treatment of the animal based at the gosala to which it is given or any animal and family or nice and to which the temporary custody is given during pregnancy of the litigation so the accused at the accused may be the driver of the vehicle or the owner of the vehicle or the owner of the cattle who comes forward to claim the ownership they are supposed to achieve execute the bond to ensure that the cost of the maintenance of the animal and the transport of the animal to the gosala is taken care of and the animal welfare organization or the gosala can draw upon such bond on a food nightly basis to recover the cost incurred for the maintenance to for the maintenance of the maintenance and care of the animal further the law also says that the vehicle which is used for the purpose of such an offense shall be held as a security so both things is important if the animal is seized and handed over to a gosala at the same time the vehicle which is used for the purpose of some illegal activities also seized and it is kept as a security with the police officers now it is very important that a intervention application is also filed by the NGO who is seeking custody of the animal that the vehicle should not be handed over back to the transporter because if the means of the commission of such offense is frozen then obviously such cattle smuggling will reduce in the time to come so we endeavor that not only the animal is seized and handed over to the gosala but we also try our labor base to ensure that the vehicle which has been used for such offense is also seized and held as a security now you see one may ask the question now what happens usually in such cases that whenever you see we file such intervention application seeking custody of the animal then the owner of the cattle comes forward before the magistrate he says that look I am the owner I am not involved with the crime I am not the accused I am running a dairy farm or I am a agriculturalist so please hand over the cattle back to me and I will ensure that the cattle are not butchered and they are taken care of so I being the owner I should have the primary right over the gosalas in many cases it is in some of the cases it is seen that the magistrate hands of the cattle to the owner on the ground that the animal and the owner has a better right over the gosala and while doing so they usually rely upon a old 1988 judgment of the supreme court in the case of I will just share the citation one second I will share the citation in the chat box it was in the case of manager pinjrapol devdar verse chakram or arji and others reported in air 1998 supreme court 2769 there in the honorable supreme court interpreted that the law uses the word may because section 35 says that the custody of the animal may be given to the custody of the pinjrapol or gosala or animal welfare organization but we need to appreciate that this judgment of 1998 is no more relevant in the present context because at that point of time this preventer of reality to animal care and maintenance case property in 2017 was not in existence and the detailed manner in which the case property pending trial should be dealt with such as the manner of the seizure of the animal intrigue custody cost of care and maintenance holding the vehicle of the vehicle as security and all these aspects were not there in existence and in fact there after several judgment of the honorable supreme court has also come one of the very important judgment of the honorable supreme court is a very recent judgment of 2020 wearing honorable supreme court elaborately dealt with transport of animals in 1978 prevention of animal cruelty and came to the conclusion that during pendency of the litigation the custody of the animal cannot be given to the accused it has to be given to an animal welfare organization gosala or an animal any animal welfare organization now the another question which arises is that why the custody of the cattle should not be given to the honor if it comes forward now relating to this it is very important to know that section 11 subsection 2 of the prevention of cruelty at 1916 very clearly says that the honor shall be deemed to be an accused so even if the honor has not been erred as an accused in the FIR as per section 11 he will be deemed to be an accused and once is deemed to be an accused then there are not only judgment of the supreme court which just I read out there are judgments of the various high courts which have clearly had that during pendency of the litigation custody should never be given to the accused now one of the judgment will which I would which I would like to read out is judgment of the honorable tripura high court a very recent judgment of 2021 I am just sharing the citation over here what does it say it says that under the prevention of cruelty to animals at 1960 that during the as per the act and the rules the custody of animal in respect of which an offense under the act has been committed should not be given to the accused pending litigation rather the right of the honor shall stand for fitted if he is convicted or he pleads guilty to offense section 11 2 of the act is unambiguous terms provides that the honor shall be deemed to be a committed and offense if he fails to exercise reasonable care and supervision supervision for preventing cruelty to his cattle therefore if any cattle is transported in a dual manner then the custody can never be given to the accused or the honor and it should always go to the custody of a gossala or animal welfare organization another issue which frequently arises is that in a criminal matter third party has no locus because once a criminal offense is committed that it is between the state and the accused and third party should not be allowed to intervene and play any role whatsoever in any criminal matter so here there are two judgments one of patna high court and another of alabad high court which has extensively dealt with the issue of the locus of a NGO or a citizen of the country i've shared the citation in the chat box these judgments very clearly say that the prevention of animal cruelty to animal sex has been enacted to prevent the inflection of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals and there is no doubt that apex court in various judgments have failed that the third party is no locus is standing to file criminal revision petition against the judicial order as the third party is neither complainant nor agreed party but the prevention of cruelty act has been enacted to prevent the inflection of unnecessary pain and the directive principle of state policy enshrined in article 1448 says that the state have endeavored to prohibit the slaughter of cows and cows and other milk and drought cattle therefore if any animal is put into cruelty and state fails to protect the animal even stranger to the proceeding being Indian citizen as every right to take legal records to prevent the cruelty towards the said animal so therefore the courts have held that since a citizen has a fundamental duty to prevent inflection of pain around the animals therefore any NGO or a third party who has the g-lane mission to come to the court and bring to the notice the matter of animal cruelty they should be heard and they should not be thrown out on the ground that they are third party now in this respect there is a judgment of the Orissa High Court with respect to the rules that the vehicle during the pendency of the litigation should not be released in favor of the accused that judgment of the Orissa High Court the relevant judgment citation I have shared in the chat box now one of the most important judgment in the field of animal cruelty act is the judgment of 2014 honorable supreme court in the case of animal welfare board of India versus the Nagraja and others now this particular judgment was in the context of prevention of that Jallikattu which was a kind of a festival being celebrated in the state of in the southern states and it used to result into a lot of pain and cruelty upon the animals who were used in such festivals so honorable supreme court dealt with the various aspects of the cruelty to the animals who and made some very very important observations I think which we all must know the court said that PCA act is a welfare organization which have to be construed bearing in mind the purpose and object of the act and the directive principle of state policy it was said that it is a trite law that in the matters of welfare legislation the provision of law should be liberally construed in favor of the weak and in fact and the court should be vigilant to see that the benefit conferred by such really medial and welfare legislation are not defeated by subtle devices court has got the duty that in every case where the ingenuity is expended to avoid welfare legislation to get behind the smoke screen and discover the true state of affairs court can go behind the form and see the substance of the device for which it has to pierce the wheel and examine whether the guidelines of the regulations are framed so as to achieve some other purpose than the welfare of the animals the court further said that the courts would not hesitate to strike down any attempt to dilute or defeat the welfare legislation and the constitutional principle the court also said that it has a duty under the doctrine of parents patry to take care of the rights of animals since they are unable to take care of them of themselves as against human being now one of the very other important or the new principle which emerged in this judgment it says that article 20 one of the constitution while safeguarding the rights of humans protects lying and the word lie has to be given an expanded definition and any disturbance from the basic informant which includes all form of life including animal life which are necessary for human life all within the meaning of article 21 of the constitution so the benefit of article 21 of the constituted in fact the fundamental rights were extended to the animals also in this context it would be important to know the historical background of the article 48 that in the constitution assembly when the debate was being done to have the prevention of cow slaughter as a fundamental right fundamental right in the constitution itself then it was said that article 21 fundamental right applies only to the human it does not apply to the animal so that particular provision was sent to fundamental duty under article 48 but fortunately the honorable supreme court has interpreted article 21 to extend the benefit of such right to animals also so i think this is a very very useful and important judgment in this context of animal welfare laws now before i conclude my talk i would just like to recapitulate what i discussed what i say is that if any cruelty to the animal in any form whether in transportation whether to the cattle or to any way any any other animal is done in any form then we as a citizen should immediately inform our local police station the local police station will file an FIR once the FIR is filed then any welfare organization or NGO can come forward to take care of the custody of such animal who has been treated poorly and for that there are very very elaborate laws which have been in very very brief that during pendency of the litigation the custody of the animal should go to such animal welfare organization and once that is done then automatically if any cattle is whether treated cruelty in any in any slot illegal slaughterhouse or in the course of the transportation then the large-scale cattle smuggling which takes place can certainly be reduced to a large extent so while there is bsf to guard the borders to prevent cattle smuggling we should guard our internal borders we should be vigilant to see if cruelty in any form whether in transportation or otherwise is taking place anywhere anywhere and if it is so we should perform our fundamental duty and ensure the well-being of such an animal now i once again thank vikaji for giving me this opportunity and with this i conclude my talk thank you very much as it was a very niche area and to give an insights to especially the animal lovers we've always been hearing about what initiatives were taken under the patronage or what we can say with when menaka gandhi was in the helm of the field and thereafter but to understand the law and they are very limited issues so we see article 48 article 51 but the dynamism if one sees on a platform one has the more insights if i will just take a question as to what career you feel that and advocate because a lot of people will feel as one in this law of animal cruelty what scope do you feel or like you said that the participation of an NGO in such a phase is good so how NGOs can actually bridge the gap between the society the legal fraternity as such so that people are more sensitized as well as understand because we are talking of cattle we hear a lot of issues regarding the after this dog etc or you have to control this very limited litigation in respect of the cruelty as such what do you feel as such see i feel that i don't think that once you take up this practice in this branch of law as a matter of career because as you said that you want to take up exclusively practicing this particular branch of law then i don't think it is so well because mostly the NGOs comes forward to to ensure the implementation of such laws and i in my personal capacity i do all such matters pro bono i don't charge any fees rather most of the time i end up spending some money from my pocket to file the petition or to see sometime in traveling also because they do reimburse a part of the traveling cost but sometime we ourselves don't charge them but yes of course at the magistrate labor court or even at the high coke level there are advocates whom we engage and we pay them also but the NGOs you see they are mostly more concerned with spending money in taking care of the animals to maintenance of the gozala and they always they try to have a understanding with the lawyer either to charge less or to charge it to the minimum so if anybody who wants to practice in this particular branch of law if they have a passion for for the welfare of the animals if they want to take it up as their duty as a citizen or to perform their fundamental duty as a citizen i think those sort of lawyers mostly they are they are in this field who are animal lovers or who wants to have some sense of their responsibility as a citizen but as a career there are very few yeah so the takeaway from mr vinish roff says that if you have a passion to pay back to the society or what we say as what are the right we all speak of the rights of a citizen but as even related supreme court judgments have said that we all speak of our rights but we know do not much speak on the duties as what lincoln said do not ask what the country does for you but at least ask what you have done for the country the point well taken that if you want to pay back to the society this is a career where you can actually pay back NGOs can become more active and two parts participation of sensitization of the society at large like we have talked about cattle the monkey manans is also one where we see a lot of litigation as to how the monkey manans can be done because there are very few takeaways as to how it can be prevented they are old theories like i also defended a case on behalf of the administration of ut chandigarh they are not as such very regulated instructions you have to go by pamphlet sensitization or by the beat of the drum but it's eventually how you actually carry the message and people get improved and more of the reading skills habits will definitely improve so thank you mr viney for just one last thing i would like to say that uh you see anybody who is watching your show on youtube or year and they wish to do anything anywhere in the country to help implementation in this law if they want to know further about the integrity of this law how to file the petition in the court how to go further what to do if suppose magistrate rejects then how to move the session court or high court then i am there to help i can help them with the draft petition i can help them with the understanding of the law i can help them on a one to one basis personal basis not necessary that there should be a large gathering this is the first opportunity which i have got on a big platform like yours but i am always available for anybody who wishes to come to practice in this branch of law thank you viney that's very kind gesture we have also filed one petition our chambers have also filed a petition in respect of as to the rights of the channels and all how they can be protected and those were actually breeders for that we have filed a petition because there are certain challenges that the rules are behold of the main act so let's see what has been issued you know if india has appeared state of Punjab has appeared how things shape up so everyone stays safe stay blessed and tomorrow we start a series on the part of pleadings tomorrow it will be a simplicity then overview of pleadings and justice pradeep nandhra joke a former chief justice of rajasthan high court and bombay high court have been kind enough to take this into five six parts of the series but do stay connected with us on the social media we are posting it tomorrow it's five p.m everyone stay safe stay blessed and prevent the animal cruelty that's the bottom line of the today's webinar and that is in tune and it syncs with the obligations casted upon the citizen under the constitution india and there couldn't be a better homage to the greatest two greatest sons of the soil that is lal bhabdu shastri and mahatma gandhi and what a way forward to pay it to be with him and as we see this comment of ours is also taking a lot of initiatives today's all social media the prime minister taking into the front highlighting all those aspects thank you thank you very much thank you