 Hello, I am Professor Dr. Siti Shkumarkashi, Walshan Institute of Technology, Solapur presenting a topic, Interbasant Transfer of Water for a National Development of India, NWDAS National Perspective Plan. Learning outcomes of this session, the students will be able to describe NWDAS National Perspective Plan of Interbasant Transfer of Water, describe advantages of Himalayan River Development Component of National Perspective Plan, and they will also be able to describe the advantages of Peninsular River Development Component of National Perspective Plan. Introduction to Interbasant Transfer of Water, India has limited land and water resources. It is necessary to increase food production from 200 million tons to 500 million tons up to 2050 for 205 crore population expected in India by 2050 AD. Hence it is necessary to generate additional irrigation potential by transferring surplus waters from surplus river basins to deficient river basins of the country. This is called as Interbasant Transfer of Water or Interlinking of Indian Rivers. What is the need of Interbasant Water Transfer in India? India has Mansoon type climate, 85 to 90 percent of river flow is there in just Mansoon months June to September. Small rivers almost go dry after Mansoon, whereas flood is a recurring phenomena in some of the states of North East India and North India. Many times one third of the country is affected by a drought in a particular year. So this shows the water resources potential in river basins of India. So I will just give you the figures. In Indus Utilizable Surface Water is 46 kilometer cube, in Ganga Brahmaputra Meghana system 274 kilometer cube of water is there, which is utilizable. In Goudhavari it is 76, in Kushnoi it is 58 kilometer cube, in Sohna Rakhide it is 6, Kavari it is just 19, Brahmani it is just 18, Mahanadi just 50. So we find again that in Ganga Brahmaputra Meghana highest utilizable surface water of 250 kilometer cube is there. That's why we need to transfer this Ganga Brahmaputra Meghana system water to the South India where rivers have very less water, like Narmada has just 34.5 kilometer cube, Papi has just 14.5 kilometer cube and so on. So the broad objectives of inter basin transfers, first is the equitable distribution of water resource available with us, second is self-sufficiency in food and hydro power, next is providing livelihood and employment for rural people and food self-sufficiency, this can be a broad objective. Government is working on the proposals which are given by the National Water Development Agency and these are the inter basin water transfer links which are proposed by NWDA. Some of the links are completed, some of the links are under construction, some of the links are not yet started. So for example this is a link 6, link 6 Yamuna Rajasthan link, say this is a link number 4, it is the Sarada Yamuna link, this is the link number 3, it is Gangadak to Ganga link. So in this way shown by the red colors are the links which transfer the water from foothills of Himalayas and those rivers to the south up to Ganga. Now the excess available water from North India is proposed to be brought to the South India through link number 10 that Ganga Damodar Surnarekh and thereafter from Mahanadi to Godavari along the eastern coast by link number 15 that is Mahanadi Godavari. Here in number system Godavari Krishna, link number 17 Godavari Krishna up to Nagarjunsagar and thereafter the link 22 will bring water from Penar to Kaveri and link number 23 bringing water from Kaveri by going to Guntur. There is also a link between Krishna and Penar here and so on. So this national perspective plan has two components, one is Himalayan river development component as we discussed and Peninsular river development component as we discussed. So just the Himalayan river development component, Himalayan river development component is such that it proposes construction of storages on main Ganga Brahmaputra rivers and their principal tributaries in India and Nepal so as to conserve monsoon flows for flood control, hydropower generation and irrigation. Interlinking canal system will be provided to transfer surplus flows of Kosi, Kandakan and Ghagra to the west. Brahmaputra Ganga link will be constructed for augmenting dry weather flows of Ganga. Surplus flows available on account of interlinking of Ganga and Yabuna are proposed to be transferred to the dropper regions of Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The scheme will also enable large areas of South Uttar Pradesh and South Bihar to obtain irrigation benefits from the Ganga with a moderate lift of say 30 meter. So water transfer proposals of Himalayan rivers, not to south these are the rivers Manas, Sankos, Tista, Ganga, Damodar, Swornari, Kham, Maniprabha and then the links will be rather from reservoir to reservoir. So here this is a Manas reservoir, Sankos reservoir, Tista barrage is to Manas and Sankos are proposed reservoirs. This is Tista barrage existing, Frakha barrage existing, Durgapur barrage existing. Again a new reservoir proposed as Swornarkha barrage across Swornarkha from which what will be transferred to the Manipatra proposed reservoir and thereafter it will be going to Mahanadi towards south. For the use of Himalayan river development component about 30,000 megawatts of hydropower will be available, 140 cubic kilometer of additional water will be available which will be sufficient for 22 million hectares of land in Ganga, Brahmaputra Plains apart from Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan. It will provide sustained minimum flow of 1,120 cubic for navigation in Ganga and scheme will also benefit Nepal and Bangladesh. These are the links in the Peninsular river component as we discussed and the Peninsular river development component it consists of Mahanadi and Godavari link. It is proposed to have terminal storage on Mahanadi and Godavari rivers to divert surplus flows from Mahanadi to Godavari for that transfer surplus from Godavari system to water short rivers named the Krishna, Penna and Kaveri. The link from Mahanadi to Godavari will be along the east coast and will not involve any lift. The link between Godavari Krishna will be partly by gravity and partly by lift of 120 meter maximum. The transfer of water will enable irrigation in drop-fall areas of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by successive exchange. Peninsular river development component proposes to divert part of waters of west flowing rivers of Kerala to the east of irrigating drop-fall areas of Tamil Nadu, bringing new areas under irrigation Kerala to construct storages and interlink small rivers flowing along the west coast, enable partial release of water from Tapia and Narmada which may allow extension of irrigation to Savarashtra and Kachcha, extra water to Bombay i.e. Mumbai as well as providing irrigation to some coastal areas of Maharashtra. Interlinking of southern tributaries of Yamuna like Ken and Chambal, constructing small storages in the intermediate tributaries and dams Yamuna at Panchanar. So this is schematic showing what a transfer in the peninsular river component from Mahanadi so dotted rectangles show proposed reservoirs and these rectangles show the existing reservoirs. So Mahanadi to Kodawari what will be transferred at Dauleshwaram Barrage, so two storages are proposed at Inchampalli and Polawaram then links from Inchampalli reservoir to Nagarjunsagar link from Polawaram reservoir to Prakasham Barrage and these are the existing dams of Almatti, Sri Shalem, Nagarjunsagar but what will be received in Pulinchintla reservoir in this way, here there is a Prakasham Barrage. Kushtha to Penar links will be starting from Almatti and Sri Shalem and ultimately what will be collected in Somesila, from Somesila what will be transferred to Gran Anikat, from Kaveri another link will go to Gunda. What are advantages of peninsular river component, additional 84 cubic kilometre of water will be there which will benefits Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh it will provide additional irrigation benefits for 13 million hectares. Let me discuss the financial aspects, the cost of implementation of NWDA's proposal for inter basin transfer of water for both the Himalayan as well as peninsular components at 2002 price level it was 560,000 crores present cost in 2020 may reach even up to say 20 lakh crores out of that this is the power component and remaining is required for the irrigation and water supply. What are challenges anticipated in inter basin transfer of water first is the existing tribunal awards of different rivers will get disturbed it means Krishna tribunal award, Kaveri tribunal award all those are going to get disturbed. The states may not agree with surplus water we know that decisions regarding water resources are taken combined by central government and state government because the water resources is a subject in both the list the state list as well as the central list. Appropriate rules and fresh regulations will have to be made. The difficulties in land acquisition due to limited land resources will be a big challenge and further satisfactory resettlement and rehabilitation of the people who are likely to be expelled due to the scheme will be again a challenge. Objections are anticipated from environmentalists also and we will have to satisfy them also. What are the technical problems pumping large quantities of silt laden water over high heads during monsoon will be a technical challenge. Construction of high embankments, long river crossings, seismic safety of high dams especially Himalayan regions will be another technical challenge. Choose for requirements for lifting water is one more technical challenge. So, reflection spot, Himalayan river development component of interlinking of rivers will make additional water for use through inter basin water transfer. The quantity will be these are the options. Answer is 140 billion cubic meter. Himalayan river development component of interlinking of rivers will produce additional irrigation potential these are the options. Answer is 22 million hectare. Peninsula river development component of interlinking of rivers in India will produce additional irrigation potential of these are the options. Answer is 13 million hectares. Conclusions, location specific solutions shall be finalized for inter basin transfer of water it is from state to state we will have to work. The basin shall remain as a planning unit for water resources planning of a country. The regional non-cobasin and state interest shall be required to be safeguarded so as to fully meet the other encompassing challenges. Long distance inter basin transfer will become unshakable part of Indian strategy for having strong agricultural base. We need to popularize the national perspective plan in spite of various difficulties. These are the references special thanks to Balchan Institute of Technology in Sholapur, IDP in Educational Technology at Bombay. Thank you.