 Hello, everyone. This is Mr. P. On today's lesson, we're going to look at the past perfect simple Let's take a look at some examples After Sophie had finished her work. She went home. I Had not eaten at that restaurant before today What I had they said that made him so angry So let's first start with a timeline. We have a horizontal line on the left hand side We have the past on the right hand side. We have the future the vertical line represents now so the past perfect would be the black star and The past simple would be the white star So when do we use it? The past perfect simple is used to describe one action that happened before another action in the past so Looking back at the timeline. We can see the past perfect happening first and then the past simple In the majority of cases a complete sentence is written in two parts The action that happens first or earlier uses the past perfect simple And the action that happens second or later Uses the past simple tense So how is it for you know by now that in English we need an auxiliary verb or helping verb for most Tenses in this case we have had for the auxiliary verb We also need the past participle that can be regular or irregular The past participle would be the third column on your chart Do not confuse it with the past tense That we use for the past simple tense. We're talking about the past perfect simple So let's look at a positive Sentence the formula would be subject plus helping verb plus past participle Plus the object and then the time expression if you have one They have missed the lesson So missed is the past participle and is regular of the verb to miss For a negative sentence we need the subject plus the helping verb plus not Plus the past participle and then the object and then the time expression if you have it I had not seen him tonight So we have had as a helping verb Plus not and then seen is the past participle of the verb to see Be careful here because it's an irregular verb. So it's not saw is seen past participle then four questions if you have the WH question word how when were etc You write them before Otherwise, we write WH question word plus the helping verb Then the subject and then the past participle of the verb and then whatever is next So first the auxiliary verb or helping verb. So had Then the subject you then being past participle of the verb be Then when we need there before so there before would be what is next What is important here is the order of the subject the verb helping verb and the main verb Now time expressions and adverbs of time that we use with the past perfect simple already for since and yet Then use after as soon as the moment that until before using the past perfect simple like in this example, I didn't say anything until They had finished talking. So until is before the past perfect So until they had finished talking Instead use before when by the time Before the past simple So by the time he found her so we have by the time before But simple he found her found her She had found someone new Had found is the past perfect simple So let's compare Past perfect simple and simple past So when do we use the past perfect simple to describe an action that happened before another one? What about the simple past for completed actions habits facts in the past short actions The helping verb for the past perfect simple is had The helping verb for the simple past is did only in questions and negative sentences Instead for positive sentences you need the verb in the past That can be regular or irregular if it's regular you add ed if it's irregular You need to learn the verb the irregular verb For the past perfect simple instead Don't forget that we need the past participle regular or if irregular of a verb So you need the helping verb had plus the past participle everywhere so for questions for negative sentences and positive sentences These tenses are usually used together to show sequence of events So one action happened first and then another action happened next. Let's look at some examples You had studied English before you moved to Toronto So which one is past perfect simple? Had studied. Okay past simple moved She only understood the movie because she had read the book past perfect simple Had read very good past simple Understood very good We were not able to get a room because we had not booked in advance So past perfect simple Had not booked very good but simple Were not able Very good be careful here because it's the past simple of the verb to be and you know that the verb to be Stands alone so we don't need it with the verb to be Had you ever visited Canada before your trip in 2020? So past perfect simple Had visited We don't have the past simple tense here So let's do some practice complete with the past simple and the past perfect simple Be careful. I will give you 10 minutes to complete this so pause the video and then I'll give you the key Okay. Now that you have Written your answers. Here's your key. So after the company had hired Joe he began to work on His first project Number two had you heard the news before you saw it on TV? number three Michael didn't want to see the movie because he had not read the book yet number four the concert had already begun When we entered the stadium number five Until and met mark. She had never been in love number six Bill had smoked for years before he finally quit number seven Had Sarah ever driven to London by herself before then Okay, so that's it for today. Don't forget. This is one last tip that I need to tell you In North America People hardly used the past perfect simple It is I suggest that you use it for your writing is very important Okay, and write the extended version. Do not write the contracted version when you Do some writing as assignments If you have any more questions, please post them under the video. I Hope you enjoyed the lesson. 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