 Good morning. We're at Whipple Dam, Pennsylvania. This is a very quiet lake, the sort of place that geologists can take proxy records of ancient climate. In module one, we learned about how proxies work. And in module two, we're going to talk about recent climate, which is a combination of both proxy records and instrumental records. We could come here to a lake like this and make a proxy record of very recent climate. And what I'm going to do is I'm going to push a core in into the bottom of Whipple Dam and pull out some sediment. This is a very quiet environment and so we can preserve individual layers. And what I'm going to do is show you two layers in the sediment, the sandy layer and a muddy layer at the bottom of this core. And you can see how we can determine proxy records from this lake deposit. Now in this module, we'll be talking about the hockey stick. And the hockey stick was derived from both instrumental records from about 1900 or so and proxy records going further back than this. We wouldn't be using this type of a lake sediment in the proxy part of the hockey stick, but you can see how cores are taken and you'll be learning a lot more about the proxy and the instrumental records in module two. So you can get busy now.