 Stillmark discovered in 1888 that Risenous Communus was responsible for accidental and intentional human and animal intoxications. Risenous Communus is cultivated globally on an industrial scale for the production of castor oil. It is estimated that more than one million tons of Risenous Communus are produced annually. Rycin, a protein found in the seed, is highly toxic and can cause severe illnesses if ingested. Rycin has been considered a potential biological weapon since it is easy to produce and can be used to contaminate food supplies. Risenous Communus aglutinin, RCA, and Risenine, another protein found in the seed, can be used to detect intoxications. After oil extraction and detoxification, the remaining press cake is used as organic fertilizer and as low-value feed. There have been occasional reports of animal intoxications caused by poorly detoxified castor being meals. These observations in Germany suggest that the detoxification process may not always be thorough enough and should be regulated internationally. This article was authored by Martin Scheer, Bridget C. Doerner, Martin B. Doerner and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.