 This is based on take look at overview of this session, color encoding systems, frame rates, file formats, resolution and aspect ratio, bit rates codec used for encoding and last compression techniques come to color encoding system. We hear PAL system and TSE system, remote method of PAL system and TSE system, SIECAM encoding system. What is the color encoding system? There are three types of color encoding system in the world, PAL, NTSC and SIECAM. You have just read that there is a luminance signal, chrominance signal, luminance and u and saturation. The formula to mix them is called color encoding system. How do you mix them? You have read that this comes through component video, S video, but how do you mix them? How do you process them? How do you show the color? PAL means face alternating line, NTSC means national television system committee and SIECAM means sequential color with memory. Color encoding system is based on interlace and progressive scan method. The scan line interlace with fields. One frame has two fields. These lines can be displayed into two parts, odd number lines and even number lines. First odd number lines will be displayed and then even number lines will be displayed. PAL, Asia, Europe, Australia and North and South Africa. NTSC, USA, Canada, Japan and Korea, basically South Korea. SIECAM, Russia, France and rest of Africa. Example of interlace and progressive scan techniques. Odd number lines will be displayed like this. These are odd number lines. Then even number lines display. Organics color. This is the interlace and progressive scan techniques. Now come to PAL color system. In PAL system, chrominance information is added to the luminance signal. In PAL system, 625 frames interlace with 50 fields. 525 lines interlace with 50 fields. Exactly the lines we are using in PAL system are 576. Others are used for sync data and captioning records. 625 lines interlace with 50 fields. That means 625 lines per frame interlace with 50 fields per second. A PAL video has 25 frames. 1 frame contains 625 lines in 2 fields. 1 frame contains 2 fields. Suppose this is an image of Kipas, whose properties line may cut the scope. Now come to techniques of interlace and progressive scan. 1 frame contains 625 lines in 2 fields. 1 frame contains 2 fields. Suppose this is an image of Kipas, whose properties line may cut the scope. Now come to techniques of interlace and progressive scan. This is the video. First, we are going to show you the techniques of interlace and progressive scan. 1 frame contains 625 lines in 2 fields. 1 frame contains 625 lines in 2 fields. 2 frame contains 625 lines. 1 frame contains 625 lines in 3 fields. So, we require a team control in NTSC system, in NTSC 525 lines in less than 60 fields and 480 lines there, this are used for the data and that is me. Vertical details also required to make a NTSC color according to system, if it does is uncorrected and frames 30 frames per second per second exactly 29.97 frames per second, in fall system 25 frames per second. Colors are carrier like this, video bandwidth 4.2 megards, Sikkim color system it is different from fall NTSC. The way of RY and BY signal, Sikkim transmit only one color at a time, Sikkim has 625 scan lines and 25 frames per second as fall system. The difference is only signal carries, Sikkim transmit only one color at a time of red and blue color information and uses the information about the other color from the preceding line, use only red and blue colors. Sikkim send first Y information, black and white picture information, brightness of the video and then send blue color information, this is the blue color, rest are used automatically green. Then DR, red color information. And final video will be display like this, I will be some component video, it sends only two color signals, blue and red and greens derived from other information. Sikkim also use 25 frames per second, now frame rate, a video sequence that plays frames in one second is called frame rate. We have already discussed in fall system require 25 frames per second and TSC 30 frames per second exactly 29.97 frames per second and Sikkim also use 25 frames per second. Now come to video file formats, there are 5 types of video file formats available in the world, these are VCD, DVD, SDV, web and streaming mobile phone also, VCD, MPEG1 type video, M1V and dead. Do you know about M1V, M1V, MPEG extension video, but do not have audio information. MPEG1 has audio information also with video, it has MPEG audio layer also, but in M1V extension, do not have the audio layer. Suppose if you have a video, that means MPEG1 video only, that is also a MPEG1 format, but 3db y VCD player, home VCD player, MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG2 video only, not included audio signal and VOB. VOB is also a DVD player format, readable by home DVD player. SD high definition digital video, extension is M2T, web and streaming, WMV, MOV, MPEG4, RM and FLV, Windows media player video, this is the clip time video, this is MPEG4 video, real media video and flash video, flash video, mobile phone 3GP and MPEG4 and others all depends on video player installed in the mobile phone, now video file extension, there are lots of video file formats available in the world, most common and useful formats and extensions are AVI, audio video interleave, very common, introduced by Microsoft, uncompressed AVI or compressed AVI, uncompressed AVI is a high quality video, but the size is 1 or equal to 12.5 GB or compressed, we can reduce the size of video through compression technique, MPEG, MPEG extension, MPEG1, MPEG2, both files extension same MPEG, the encoding techniques is different for MPEG1 and MPEG2, MPEG4 has MPEG4 extension, full form of MPEG, moving picture expert group or motion picture expert group, WMV, Windows media video, Windows media video 7 series, Windows media video 8 series, Windows media video 9 series and Qt time video MOV extension, it is also accept MPEG4 video, FLV flash video, FLV extension and F4V extension, both are for flash video, DV video digital video, DV tape and many DV tape video, that VCD format readable by home VCD player, MPEG1, VOB, video object full form MPEG2 video, VOB readable by DVD home player and that readable by home VCD player. DVD can play that and VOB file also, but VCD player cannot play VOB file, 3G mobile phone video file extension, MPEG4 also for mobile, resolution and aspect ratio, resolution the number of pixels in each dimension, width and height of video screen is called display resolution, means width and height make it a pixels, we can customize resolution of video, but the standard resolution of the video are display in this table, VCD, PAL encoding video, 352 into 288, for NTSC 352 into 240, why 240, because the NTSC field is different, PAL has 50 fields and NTSC has 60 fields, SCAM video 352 into 288, same as PAL, now DVD resolution for PAL 720 into 576, NTSC 720 into 480 and SCAM 720 into 576, wave we can customize the above mentioned ratio. So, for mobile phone depends on the screen size of the mobile, aspect ratio, there are two type aspect ratio of the screen, wide screen and standard, this is the wide screen and this is the standard, bit rate very important for video, bits used per second to make a video known as bit rate, it is also known as video data rate, to uncord the video two types of bit rate used, CBR or VBR, constant bit rate and variable bit rate, what is the difference between constant and variable, constant bit rate are fixed and variable bit rate are variable is changed according to the colors, constant bit rate, to uncord the video bit per second are kept fixed, for example, suppose we have to make a video for wave, handed to 400 kilobyte per second is not necessary, but it should be kept like this, so it can be kept less, the quality will be very bad, it can be kept more than 400, it will be a problem to download from the server, use in between handed to 400, 4 m take 1 or VCD, use 1150 to 170 and for DVD purpose 2500 to 7000, you can use this bit also for DVD, but the quality will be changed, so that DVD will be of VCD quality, the more the bit will be kept, the more the quality will come, but suppose you have kept more than 7000, a level is there, after that the bit rate may be you have kept more, but the quality will not be more than that, so use for DVD purpose 2500 to 7000 kilobytes per second, variable bit rate to uncord the video bit per second are kept variably, sometimes video screen has less color and sometimes more color, suppose if you make a video, it will have a background, it will be white, it will be blue, at that time you keep 7000, there is no need for 7000, there are a lot of trees, it has a shooting, there are a lot of colors, there is movement in that video, then 7000 is fine, but suppose you are showing only the background, there is not much in it, one color or two colors, at that time it is not necessary, so use variable bit rate, there are three category, in variable bit rate we use, minimum bit rate, target bit rate and maximum bit rate, you can change, suppose your video has sometimes less color, sometimes more color, variable bit rate can be used for two techniques, we we are two pass and one pass, one pass goes to video and audio together and two pass take first video encoding and then audio encoding, two passes of rendering, so first M2 will be made for Mtech 2 and then Mp extension audio will be made, two passes better than one pass, for Mtech video there are no need to put the variable bit rate, because it is already small bit rate, if you use Mtech 2 video then use variable bit rate, not for Mtech 1, example in this category we have to adjust minimum bit rate, target bit rate and maximum bit rate depends on video quality requirements, codec used for encoding, every file extension and video format has their own encoding formula and codec, codec, what is the codec, codec is a encoding or decoding program to use a encode or decode the video, encoding karne ke liye to program use otai usko codec kate, there are not so codec available in the world, Mpeg 1 codec Mpeg 2 codec for Mpeg video, Windows media video codec for WMV video, Flash video codec FLV video, Cinepeg codec for MOV video, VP codec for Flash video, each codec has different techniques to encode the video, so size will be different for every extension, suppose if you have same length video, a gante ke liye a 15 minute ke liye, alag alag extension me size alag alag milegi aapku, sabhi ka encoding process alag rahat hai, compression techniques, it is also important, compression technique used reduce the size of file, but after compression we cannot edit the advanced editing, suppose aapne divux se kisi video ko compress kia, lakin aapko ki advance editing karne hai, so compression ussi video ka kisi aapko aage editing may use it can be classified into two categories, image compression or intraframe compression, motion compression and intraframe compression, motion compression and intraframe compression is powerful compression technique, first we go with image compression, every frame compressed by JPG TIF or PNG image compression techniques, I already said that video second has a multiple frames, it is frame compressed through JPG PNG or TIF format, suppose a second ka video usme pacis frames hai, jo codec use karega, wo codec per frame ko JPG compressed karega, aur wapis video banayega, to har image compressed ho ke aaya rahi hai, this is the intraframe compression or image compression, example ampeg 1 codec, ampeg 2 codec, this type of codec use image compression, motion compression, this is a powerful compression technique because it take the bit from previous frame and use as it is for next frame when screen color finds same in next frame, suppose kisi aek video hai usme first frame hai, aur second frame me bhi wai color rsi thoda sa moment hai, jaisi wo hand ka aapko moment dikhayata me ne, sirch change hand hor hai, baki background same hai, to pehli frame me jo background ke bits hai wo 2sthri frame me automatic put kar deta hai, nahi ki 2sthri frame ka bit leta hai wo, to jo 2sthri frame ke bits hai wo drop hoge, ishi traise 3sthri frame ke bit drop hoge, japta koi cheez background me chalti hai, japta k background change ne hota hai, next bit nahi aaya rai, sirf jo moments portion hai usse ke bits use ho rahe hai, to reduce size apne aap ho jayegi, bohot sari bit reduce ho jayegi, this is a powerful compression technique, example divux, it reduce the 12.5 GB to 700 MB, x speed also and ff mpeg concluding remers, so finally we have discussed in 2 sessions about analog video, digital video, color encoding system and video file formats, these are the specific details perspective to video and others are frame rate, bit rate, resolution code, compression techniques, all of these effects the size of file and quality of video, resolution jadar ranking hai toh size jadar aayegi, resolution come ranking hai toh size come hoge video gi, bit rate jadar ranking hai toh size jadar hoge, bit rate come ranking hai toh size come hoge, thank you.