 so when you see there's four photos this is before the 1970s yes so afterwards when you want to do erosion control you have to make the staircases and then you plant the trees and then it becomes a forest from japan when people ride the plane to come into Seoul they would pass through this area since the japanese occupation time we tried in more than 50 times of the erosion control in the occupation time but we all failed because you know why the accumulation of the soil that it is here it is like the mud from the seaside the mud became like a dirt and dried out that's why because of the soil they had failed the erosion control then the soil still contains sodium inside salt inside so when the trees grow and then the roots go down they meet the soil and it becomes dry they dry out they die so 1971 our president at that moment his name was Park Jung Hee he ordered the people whatsoever this area must be reforested so what we did was this when we were making this control we make the stairs it took us about two years after making the stairs we made a hole in between ones there we make a hole like a we make we dig a hole all around fluid and then what we do is bring the different soil from different place we carry them we pour it in yeah to the hole so what they did was afterwards you put a new soil this much and then you plant the tree and then the woman will carry the water in the bucket give the water and every single year we have to give fertilizer so it took us about five years starting from 1973 and a lot of civilians that which live in this area needed to come here and help us with this project that is why we have this memorial park in this area the reason is this area was the most difficult area and we had succeeded so good yes reforestation that is why we made this park these are different kinds of erosion control so it is like this for example if the kids come here they're like oh what is erosion control I don't know then they can do this here and then they can see what kind is mountain a hillside erosion control what is coast erosion control okay so this is for the little kids to be like oh what is here this is like wind breaking wind breaking you know like the wave breaking or so in case of tsunami the first erosion control that we ever done in our history is our king gojung at the Joseon dynasty we had planted different kinds of trees to have a better view but like a system of erosion control had started after the japanese colonized time after 1950 we started our programs of erosion control so like this at the year 50s and 60s honestly we made many mistakes yes and with our mistakes we learned and at the year 70s now we have very highly advanced technology of erosion control number one that photo is the mountain that we see at the back and then number three is a mountain when we go outside towards our left side at the 1970s many places where we did the erosion control honestly was done at the year 70s actually our korean forest service was first established at 1967 in 1973 the korean forest service became an independent organization or an institute so they can start the erosion project or reforestation at 1955 we used to use 17 percent of all our trees as a fuel to cook and to warm up our houses so what the government did was we had a new new village movement that i told you inside the car which is uh se-ma-eul undong in korean when we did the new village movement but you will make your street bigger so that the cars can go in then we provided different kind of fossil to cook and warm up the house so when you in korea we use cow as a like a machine to to to farming yes one cow will spend 5.5 tons of wood just for feeding the cow you have to boil the soup for the cow so instead of that the government gave you different idea okay instead of cooking the meal to the cow give him raw grass you remember the new village new village new village movement yeah this is project so what we do now in the 1980s you live in one area you live in one area so you are in charge of this this area you are going to you're going to do your best to do reforestation here and then i give you job for you and for your people in your village this movement this new village movement is there is a song which means we all live well we are looking for a wealth for everybody not only me but all the people so it's like this now in your 90s we are not only doing erosion control but we are making a good view for the tourists we are making and look at more have that it doesn't affect the ecosystem and then it is a benefit to the people and also view view that it has a nice view so people so it is the landscape landscape restoration exactly it was land restoration i would say for the kids how they do the erosion control there will be a forest fire here for example there will be a forest fire and then the kids can walk the path and then it's like they're working and uh it's the workers to do the erosion control now soon there will be a fire here all the trees will be burned then when there is water rain from the the the soil will come in you see the water color change when there is a lot of soil washed up now we make again to control to control the soil falling now also to the right side and to the left side and then we make another uplayer of those and then afterwards after the erosion control now the trees grow so when you see when you restore yes this is the map of the 1930s and the green color is where we have the trees these are all instruments that we used when we were doing the erosion control at that time now we have a poke crane we use a special plant that they are very strong in the drugs these are the trees that we planted at this area penis legida penis tumbarigi poke trees so it's like this when there is a plot people will go there they will measure they will calculate how many trees we need in this area and then afterwards when they make the plant now we do the reforestation here the erosion control we make this part at the bottom so that the soils don't fall down and then afterwards it becomes a forest you know the total in our country is 65 percent so we are in the world top four mountainous country so what we are planning is economy where the forest becomes the source of natural wealth until 2050 so depending on which kind of tree you plant like oak tree and pine tree it goes deep inside so it is like soil control you see these trees are the trees that we planted when we first started the erosion control you know this this water in case the forest fire in this area at the back are used we are used there's a pump and then there is a like sprinkler there big size yeah yeah sprinkler he said when we conserve the mountain we conserve the water then we have a better weather for the people so it is like this for example this kind of chi san chi so this word this word you was was used since a long long time ago but many kingdoms also had failed of taking care of the water and the mountains swan became this reforestation became successful because we also did the new village movement together that is one of the reasons that we had succeeded our reforestation was succeeded because of the new village movement that is the symbol of the new village movement you see the head cooperation also is one of the key elements to succeed when you are taking care of the forest because at that time korea everybody was poor i was not the only one who was poor but everybody was poor so everybody was willing to have a better life there are three elements like oh you have to help yourself you have to help the others and you have to be disciplined that is the basic idea of new village movement