 Brown emotion has a quite a fascinating history. It's been discovered long ago It's been discovered in 1827 by a botanist called Robert Brown and what he did He looked at pollen under microscope and what he observed pollen were tickling around all the time And he was quite puzzled by that and at that time he thought about maybe this could be some force of life But that in the end turned out to be wrong and he did several experiments to prove this For example, he took some inorganic powder in the same experiment and again he saw all this tickling And this has been a huge puddle for quite some decades and the fine lancer could then be given by Albert Einstein In 1905 interesting in the same year when he also published a theory about special relativity And in that very year he also published a seminal paper about brown emotion and what he could show that brown emotion is one proof Or manifestation of the existence of atoms in some sense We're building on the work of Einstein and using his thoughts and ideas and they are you doing useful stuff with it The brown in motion is when particles nanoscale very tiny particles are suspended in water or in any liquid Then the molecules of the water start to hit the target because the molecules make motion Called thermal motion They have some energy and they float back and forth and they hit the particles all the time now because they hit them From all sides, but not regularly the particles also start to trickle around in a very random and Chaotic fashion and this motion is called brown in motion now in order to get this directed motion you need an asymmetric Feature in your device so in this case it's similar like a Ratchet like a screwdriver Where you have these teeth and the ratchet slides along the teeth and locks in one direction But can slide in the other direction similar in our brown in motor implementation We have similar teeth and the particles can float along this shallow slope, but they cannot float or much more difficult They can float only in the other direction so at the end we have this trickling brown in motion and we have this teeth and So the particles start to jump now if you wouldn't do anything if we wouldn't apply an external force They would jump still jump back and forth in the same rate, but now we in addition We apply an external force which makes the particles drive more vigorously along this direction And then they really start to travel along this shallow slope of this sawtooth Potential as one of the main applications what we see for this kind of motors is Separation of nanoparticles now this could be nanoparticles like for example bigger biomolecules proteins DNA or Also nanoparticles like gold or plastics which are a concern in terms of pollution of the environment So if you could separate them out of the liquid that would be a nice application Now in order to do the separation what we do is we combine two of these motors one of them having the tooth a Little bit taller and the other motor showing the other direction and having the teeth a little bit lower down So the bigger particles fit to this lower down Ratchet better and the smaller particles to the higher ratchets So the smaller particles will travel in this direction and the bigger ones in that direction and that very effectively as Separates the particles so we could show in the paper that we can separate 60 and 100 nanometer particles just within two seconds So there are I would say two main goals or near-term goals for our research So the one goal is to because we've been looking at particles that were relatively large Yes, which had a size of tens of nanometers, which is still really huge in comparison to molecules like DNA for example So we want to test how small we can get so if our motor also works for Biomolecules DNA and so on yeah, so that's the one goal and the other goal is Is more focused towards sorting because in the paper we also for the paper We developed a model that predicts that we can sort nanoparticles with a resolution of the earth one nanometer So up to now this is the radical model which we trust and which is based on All the work and all the experiments we've done so far, but that's something we really have to test and verify Experimentally, so these are the two near-term goals We want to focus on