 Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Escherichia coli can form biofilms on surfaces, which protects them from environmental stressors like antibiotics and predators. These biofilms are composed of polysaccharides, which provide an optimal environment for the bacteria to thrive. This article was authored by Gary Laverde, Sean P. Gorman and Brendan F. Gilmore.