 Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series where we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos for the next few videos We're gonna take a deep dive into our gram positive organisms So if you'll remember back to our previous video on the gram positive algorithm We discussed some antibiotic tests that you can use to help determine which micro bacteria we are dealing with Let's discuss those in a little bit more detail today So with Staphylococci, we can do the Novobiasin test if a organism is Resistant to Novobiasin then we're dealing with Staph Safrophidicus However, if it is sensitive to Novobiasin then therefore we're dealing with a Staphylococci Epidermidus a way that you can remember this is to use The sentence on the office staff's retreat. There was no stress So we have staff meaning that we're dealing with a Staphylococci and we're talking about No for Novobiasin s is For Safrophidicus and the RES is Safrophidicus resistant Epidermidus sensitive So you're using those first letters of each individual word to help you remember Safrophidicus is resistant Epidermidus is sensitive on streptococci We can use Opticin to determine whether or not we are dealing with a certain micro bacteria so if a particular Micro bacteria is resistant to Opticin then that is going to be a strep viridans Whereas if it is sensitive to Opticin that will be a strep pneumonia a Way that you can remember this is using overpass or ovrps So the O is for Opticin the V is for viridans and that is resistant and the P is for pneumonia And that is sensitive so Opticin viridans resistant pneumonia sensitive We have another test that we can do and that is the Bacitracin test and if you have a Resistance to Bacitracin we're dealing with a group B strep, and if you have a sensitivity to Bacitracin We're dealing with group a strep The mnemonic to remember this is B bras So B is for Bacitracin, and you have B is resistant a is sensitive So Bacitracin B resistant a group a is sensitive Let's continue on with some more tests that we can do for these bacteria. So Some bacteria are alpha hemolytic bacteria. What does alpha hemolytic mean alpha hemolytic is due to the ability of Bacterial colonies to be able to induce hemolysis when they're grown on a particular blood auger So gram-positive cocci Will either show a brown or green color without clearing around growth on the blood auger, which is due to them being able to partially Hemalize the blood auger plate what you're seeing here is a partial oxidation of the hemoglobin causing that change in color as You see here in this picture They have taken a alpha hemolytic bacteria and drawn the alpha on a blood auger So you can see that change in color to that brown green color only where that Bacteria is at what this indicates to me is that we're dealing with either streptococcus pneumoniae or to viridin streptococcus So how do we determine which one of these we're dealing with well? We can go back to our previous test that we've talked about and with streptococcus pneumoniae. We have catalase negative and Opticin Sensitive so the streptococcus pneumoniae is sensitive to optogen, but it is catalase negative Whereas our strep viridans is also catalase negative But it however it is now resistant to optogen tests If you found this material helpful for your studying Please like and consider subscribing to the channel also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have