 The study shows that TG4010, a modified vaccinia virus anchora, MVA, expressing human mucin 1, MUC1, has demonstrated clinical benefit for patients suffering from advanced non-small cell lung cancer, NSELC, in combination with chemotherapy. Preclinical experiments were performed with either TG4010, or galactosidase-encoding MVA vector, MVA-GAL, in mice-presenting tumours in the lung. The results showed that treatment with MVA vectors led to increased survival rates and accumulation of CD3-dim-CD8-dim-T cells, including two subpopulations characterized as KLRG1 plus CD1-27 short-lived effector cells, SLECs, and KLRG1-CD1-27 early effector cells, EECs, comprising cells releasing IFN, Granzyme B, and CD107A upon antigen-specific peptid stimulation. The study also demonstrated that targeting the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway with blocking monoclonal antibodies several days after TG4010 treatment at late stage of tumour development enhanced the therapeutic protection induced by the vaccine. Supporting ongoing clinical evaluation of TG4010 immunotherapy in combination with Nevolumab. This article was authored by Crystal Remazilla, Christine Thaidelet, Julie Hortelano, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.