 The KEEP1NRF2 pathway is the major regulator of cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Although cell signaling pathways triggered by the transcription factor NRF2 prevent cancer initiation and progression in normal and pre-malignant tissues, in fully malignant cells NRF2 activity provides growth advantage by increasing cancer chemo-resistance and enhancing tumor cell growth. In this graphical review, we provide an overview of the KEEP1NRF2 pathway and its dysregulation in cancer cells. We also briefly summarize the consequences of constitutive NRF2 activation in cancer cells and how this can be exploited in cancer gene therapy. This article was authored by Amelia Kansenan, Sylvie M. Koosmanan, Hannah Linenan, and others.