 Welcome to the World Economic Forum Bloomberg televised session today as you can see the title technology for prosperity I'm Steven Engel I'm the China television correspondent for Bloomberg television I've been here about seven years in China covering what has been an obviously dramatic transformation of this country in fact I've been in Asia for now 24 years the first 24 years were in America the next in Asia who knows about the next 24 probably in Asia as well this is my home and I want to make a mention too because we're going to be talking about technology kind of summing up what the last three days at the World Economic Forum have been discussing wide range of topics we can explore but interestingly it was 15 years ago that I got my first mobile phone and I was a little bit late Luddite in technology but now look at me okay we have Blackberry I have what's this iPhone 3 I have a portable charger I have what else here I have too many things I've been left to my own devices I have a my-fi device I have a mini iPad I have another iPad right here I have too many devices so we need to find a solution to that and I know one of our guests has a little mini computer on his wrist so that's something we can talk about let's get to the discussion right away and I want to make a mention as well because I have all these iPads and everything we have social media so if you're clued in you can send us a social media message to hashtag future tech or by email future tech at wef.ch and get your questions ready towards the end let's get this thing started ladies and gentlemen our panelists here whoops they're going my devices first to my right is Nathan Blacharsik chief technology officer and founder co-founder of Air BNB next is Gao Jifan of Trina Solar he is the chairman and CEO of the solar panel maker Paul Jacobs executive chairman of Qualcomm probably a few of your products are in all these devices I wanted to thank you for having so many devices and at the end here is of course Repelong Rabana she is the CEO and founder of rekindle learning out of South Africa thank you very much besides not having enough arms and pockets what do you think the biggest challenge is going to be for the next internet the next mobile wave going forward why don't we let's start with you down on the end sure I don't really always see challenges around the mobile innovation space I think that when I think about mobile internet technology I see a lot more empowerment coming out of it rather than the actual challenges particularly when I look at my own story as an entrepreneur coming out of South Africa and Africa I look at the fact that I started 22 out of university and within those eight years I can come to a platform like this this wouldn't have been possible without technology and the elements of empowerment that it brings and when I think about that empowerment is really around information influence and inclusion and I'll sort of call those the three eyes because for me information enabled assets a small group of entrepreneurs sitting at the bottom of Africa to develop software on a world-class platform and through that knowledge build expertise expand our circle of influence and allow us to engage people to build a business and build a business on a platform that's used everywhere in the world the same platform that's used here in China and in the US and that inclusive nature of the internet is far more compelling for me than any of the negatives sure there'll be some challenges but you don't limit the growth of a child because of the freedom that's gonna come with it the theme of course technology for prosperity and the internet can be a great equalizer if you will give somebody the head start but there are cost barriers to entry as well in developing nations definitely I think when I think about what what are the limits for us on the African continent the the cost of entry in terms of devices and internet access is still one of the biggest issues and if we're really going to enable young people and enjoy the youth ball just gonna come out of the African continent we must ensure that that access permeates through all aspects of the continent and that's why we've got big partners like him on our left hand side to ensure those kind of things will ultimately happen because we've got to ensure the access widens up let's move to Paul Jacobs of Qualcomm a company that's making some prosperity in the internet or a mobile space certainly we spent five billion dollars on research and development last year to try and do the things that you're looking for which is to reduce the cost of the devices to increase the capability of these devices to spread coverage more broadly I mean today we have more than half of the human race has a phone and there's seven billion connections but about three point six billion unique users and about two point two billion of those are actually using mobile broadband so we've already connected a lot of people to the internet but clearly we want to get the rest of the people on the internet and as you said there's huge benefits to people and benefits in entrepreneurship benefits in health care in education and public safety all these kinds of areas and it's very motivating for our employees by the way to be involved in that and to work with a broad broad range of partners to make this this a reality so we definitely see the upside of connecting that many people and giving them access not just to each other but all sorts of information and then as we look into the future about giving people information about themselves for example so that they can manage their health better and we can get you know better productivity out of the health health care industry to pick up on wrap along what saying about you know the great equalizer I understand I read that Qualcomm will be spending about 150 million dollars on some Chinese mobile startups what's the goal there right so what we do this around the world but there's obviously a lot of innovation that's happening in China we've got the 4g networks launching now so people are very excited they're gonna have higher data rates and more capabilities on their devices and so looking for companies that can either build services on top of that or build technologies that I'll actually go into the next phones whether it's sensors that you might have in the environment or on your body the so-called Internet of Things that that we're very excited about there's a lot of opportunity here I would say and a lot of innovation and we're very focused on working with Chinese companies right now for example where we're working actively with 90 different companies that are building different devices and and I see that only growing because the demand is quite strong and there's still a very large market here in order to get more internet connectivity out to you know kind of everybody in China you want to get it out of the way and show off your watch oh sure well so so we built a smart watch also with a reflective display technology on it so it's always on you can see it outdoors but what's very interesting about this is it goes with this notion that we have of extending human senses to another sense that would be that would allow you to perceive cyberspace more directly and interact with it wherever you are so the notion is that I get notifications not just of phone calls and text messages but when I walk into a room I can get notifications of services that are available in that room whether it's being able to use the microphone and speakers here if I walked into a store it'd be about checking in if I go into a sports stadium it tells me which line to go to or where it's where the bathroom is located or things like you know all the kinds of things that you might want to know about the world around you and and this gives me the opportunity to get notifications quickly and then swipe them away as opposed to if I got it on my phone I take my phone out I type in my unlock code and you know it's 15 seconds per notification whereas here I look down and swipe and it's gone and so that's what we were doing with this now for us we're not a consumer product company so we did a limited run of these and now we have partners Timex for example is launching a fitness watch based off the same kind of screen technology so it's exciting I hear that Cupertino California companies come out with something too that's gonna be a driver I think wearable technology is going to be a huge thing for the future. Gao Jifan what do you think? Are we too plugged in? Are our kids too plugged in right now? Too many devices there's zombies walking down the streets they're playing mobile games into the wee hours of the night are we too connected? To start with our company is not actually engaged in internet our company is a photoerotic company so we are a new energy company as for the first question I believe that internet has contributed hugely to the mankind let me just give you one example in Africa there were regions that had no power at all so we installed separate solar power generation systems the first thing that they did was to charge their mobile phones that shows mobile phone has enabled people to know knowledge around the world and even some of them have been using this knowledge to start up their own companies I've seen at present vice president of Huawei Huawei has been installing bases around the world including in Africa absolutely internet has narrowed gaps across the world especially it has contributed hugely to people in the less developed countries enabling them to enjoy the most advanced information and technologies internet has connected the world at the same time in a more timely way however on the other hand I've heard one of my friends heading a software company ISV say to me that in the future all the mobile devices will become another organ of the human body like another eye another hand I was shocked by this view because we cannot live without any integral organs or we cannot live well at least such as our eyes and our hands but how about making mobile devices part of us so we will be dependent on them we cannot live without them in other words we will be manipulated by the mobile devices we're using once I heard a story in China once the CEO of internet gaming company made a speech about how good his business is but then after his speech a mother got on her knees kneeled in front of him saying that my child is lost in internet gaming and he didn't spend even a minute learning and doing other meaningful things please stop developing internet games so yeah mobile internet has delivered so many benefits to the mankind on one hand however if used improperly the same technology would do a lot of harm to us human beings physically and psychologically as well I'm back to that as well and I want to talk about China's role in the innovative process in a little bit but let's bring up you Nathan a disruptive technology would you would you agree with that Airbnb yeah absolutely I think I've heard the word platform mentioned up here and you hear a lot about technology platforms today and I think how that's really relevant to what we're talking about is technology platforms bring people together to either better communicate or transact services or goods Airbnb is an example of this it is a platform that allows individuals to rent out their homes or rooms in their homes to travelers so it's enabling almost an entirely new type of economic activity and the way we think of our what we call hosts our suppliers as micro entrepreneurs these are average everyday people who are now empowered to sell something that they couldn't before and so when I think about what we've done as a company we've given them a toolbox that they can use for their own social good whether that's providing income or meeting people from around the world and so I think this is a very powerful idea that's not specific to Airbnb it's also being called the sharing economy the idea that we all have excess things that we own or even time that through marketplaces and platforms we can offer to others for for economic gain but also a more connected socially connected world how do you see disruptive technologies such as yours changing the regulatory framework as well which can then lead to greater prosperity for startups like you well these days is this for the most part regulation around every aspect of our lives and a lot of these regulations were established long ago I think we had all agreed that over time regulation needs to adapt because our world is changing and so I think the challenge for policymakers is how to go through that transition in a smooth way because change is hard it's hard to agree on change I want to be clear I think in the future though we all want more sensible rules so no one's saying that there shouldn't be rules around the future of technology there's absolutely should be but we should also recognize that the world has changed and we should rethink what is sensible from the ground up Galgifan maybe you can comment on the perspective of doing business here in China obviously we heard from Lika Chang he's saying innovation and the internet are very important but there also has to be a strong regulatory environment how do you see China's role in that in having a stiff regulatory environment without stifling creativity well of the recent years internet has been growing by leaps and bounds in China including internet finance and other internet centric business models in this process internet has shunken the distance between suppliers and those who demand the goods and services by this intermediating lots of services and industries is one of the biggest benefits of the internet is far more efficient however at the same time between supply and demand and across the value chain across a spectrum between supply and demand everything is based on internet so how can we achieve credibility along this value chain for for example for an e-commerce platform or other service platform based on the internet without credibility without trust the entire model would ultimately collapse or otherwise it would hurt the end users the customers in some extreme cases they'll be very negative consequences so in this context the regulators should find ways to regulate to this new environment what is more important is that we should ask the question what capacity what capabilities are requested are required of the regulators to be able to well manage or regulate those new platforms because maybe sometimes the internet players are out innovating the regulators how can the regulators catch up with the internet-based innovators that's a big issue and on the other part for the internet players internet companies themselves they should exercise some self-discipline and self-regulation with brisk development and growth of the internet yes the internet players can expand their market generating more income and revenue for them and it's all the more natural for them to do so but in order to achieve sustainability those companies themselves should establish some code of conduct or set of rules and ethics to manage themselves so as to make sure that all stakeholders would benefit from the platform with win-win scenarios instead of hurting the interest of some members of the platform otherwise this platform would no longer be sustainable right now in China in a number of different industries including the video streaming industry is that a broadcast under the broadcast regulator is that under the internet regulator it's defining and many companies are seeking you know ways to establish the rules in the industry before the rules are set and it leads to what on the counter side of that though as well as that while we all want the good regulatory compliance the flip side is that on the African continent because of the public institutions still developing the regulatory framework it's likely to better suit the new technologies that are coming out and you've seen that a lot in financial services and the health sectors where a lot of financial products are coming out that haven't emerged from developed markers primarily because of the flexibility in that regulatory environment there's a particular company I know in South Africa that is for example providing completely unsecured loans purely on the basis of your mobile data how often you purchase prepaid airtime and use it and without you requiring any kind of collateral models that previously haven't existed in sort of a developed environment and because of that flexibility in the regulatory environment we can see a lot of those innovations come through and I hope through that process we can develop better regulatory environments that suit the new technologies instead of trying to inherit once for the traditional financial services industry I think one of the things that we've had this discussion about we talk about technology providing prosperity is does it increase the divide do the haves get more and the have nots get less and I think this is a great example where a lot of innovation will happen in developing and emerging markets precisely because there's a lower regulatory burden so when you look at the benefits of mobile health a lot of things are happening in emerging markets that don't happen in developed markets and it's kind of going to what you were saying earlier about mobile being part of you I mean there are huge benefits we're working with the researchers right now who have built a device smaller than a grain of sand and it will go inside your body and it'll tell you two weeks ahead of time whether you're gonna have a heart attack now imagine that that kind of preventative medicine and it's not just for heart attacks it will also be for cancer it will be also be for diabetes and chronic diseases all these kinds of things you'll get constant monitoring now where will that happen first it's gonna happen in develop markets or is it gonna happen in developing markets and will that actually allow a leapfrogging effect to occur in the developing markets which we have seen in communications technology as well as some of the other areas that you were just discussing you make the chips you also license the chips you know the power that we can have don't you how how much power are we giving up to the computers well I mean you know if you if you want to talk about things that are concerning you know Stephen Hawking is out with the paper talking about artificial intelligence possibly being an existential threat so we talk about this thing the singularity and whether whether artificial intelligence will surpass humans the the near-term concern a lot of people expresses will jobs be destroyed and not be created and there's a lot of debate about that but you know you can construct all sorts of bad scenarios if you look out you can construct them about that you can construct them about biotechnology enabling bioterrorism I think the key for us is to build the structures that prevent those kinds of things build the technologies in such a way that we can mitigate those those risks but there's always some risk associated with new technologies I think the key is to make sure that we accentuate the benefits instead of the downsides I mean to build off that I would say technology in the extreme is very powerful and potentially very dangerous however I'd like to point out that enabling technology is a hard thing you know creating innovation empowering innovation is a really hard thing regulating innovation and how technology gets used is a relatively easy thing it's easier to say no than it is to say yes and to create and so I think you know that that gives me hope about the future whatever technology it is that we do create that it will be relatively easier to control that technology than it is to create that technology in the first place right Paul was talking about whether these technologies can either widen the gaps in society or narrow them it's interesting with your platform you say it's it's narrowing them because many of your hosts are low to medium middle income yeah I think individuals and they're becoming micro entrepreneurs if you will right so I think the interesting thing about the way our society is developing is increasingly to get the high-paying jobs you need to have a very specialized background right you need to go to a certain school you'd have a certain background in a technical field and that leaves out a big part of the population and I think you know one thing to talk about there is how to train people to have those skills but there will always be a broad set of this the society that doesn't have those skills and thus is disenfranchised from the opportunities that are being created you know I think one of the interesting things about the sharing economy is that it allows regular people you know irrespective of say education to participate so in the case of Airbnb if you have a home and you're willing to provide some hospitality you can participate and benefit and indeed our hosts on Airbnb are below the median income and you see this happening but you see other people who are renting out their pets and providing rides to people who need rides and doing different types of tasks so I think this is a powerful idea that could be a lot more inclusive than a lot of the kind of the innovation we've seen in other sectors are you afraid though you could be shut down in some places there are other disruptive technologies like uber which have had their problems in various cities I would think the hotels association would be not too pleased with your disruptive technology are you afraid though that could be overarching regulation that well you persevere no inside there shouldn't be regulation we want regulation as well again I think it needs to acknowledge though that you know it's now the 21st century and so what are the rules that make sense in the 21st century I think there's a very strong value proposition here for our guests for a host but also for cities and building owners and even neighbors so I think the trick is to define how those different parties come to the table I think the hard part in the short term is that these ideas are so new that people are just starting to hear about this and the gut reaction is to apply the status quo I mean it's very easy again to say no it's a lot harder to take the time to understand what is this change that's happening and what is a new set of rules that would accomplish greater good for everybody gougie fun maybe we can bring the conversation back to prosperity you're in an industry in the solar panel industry that's had a lot of difficulty of the last few years the most recent quarter there's been a pickup as they as they worked off the excess demand how do you move from just being a manufacturer to implementing the innovations that you're going to have within your company and going up the food chain and being profitable consistently well in terms of solar PV technology it's fair to say that it generates electricity out of a natural sunshine and natural lighting light so this technology is benefiting the entire mankind the needless to say because fossil fuels like coal and petroleum will be exhausted one day while generating our emission that harms our livelihood solar power used to have a high cost having the past 10 years with advancement of technology the cost has been down to our 20% of the original cost and the future this cost is going to be reduced by 50% further in another 10 years time the cost of power and a solar power generation will amount to the cost of thermal power that will make solar energy an important component of the energy mix and then the next question is the potential market for the solar power industry is going to be different in the past solar power needs to be incorporated into the power network so it has to be approved by the central government but then if solar power becomes a cheaper form of energy it will be prevalent everywhere and every place every corner of the world can see the footprints of solar power so we have to minimize solar power and at same time we are working with all the partners to enable for the applications of solar power to bring about products that meet the customer's needs I was giving you an example about Africa and now we have some ongoing projects with Africa as well in Africa there are different kinds of demand and those forms of demand need energy however we have 1.4 billion people in Africa that have no power at all and it's important it's impossible to put in place a power network overnight so we're working with African businessman as to how can we bring together solar power with the applications of energies we were asking them questions about how to make for the innovation how to provide better solutions to adapt to their needs of starting up their own companies and the need of the local people that's the direction we are working at so that solar power will not only change our current energy supply but will be more distributed to more people to facilitate their lives this is a question to any of you really is we look at how investment flows work into new technologies and it's an interesting panel because we have a representative from Africa we have the United States as well as China does the flow of capital across borders and to continents basically enable anyone to take advantage of the new waves and technology or is it still the traditional basis of investment in Silicon Valley and other places what do you think we still have a quite a long way to go definitely to develop the right kind of venture capital and private equity markets on the continent so we're at the beginning stages now seeing incubators and the ecosystems growing so entrepreneurs can get support and developing their business ideas and concepts but a lot of the time will get to sort of a small size sort of roll out so to get to serious scale does require access to capital and the underdevelopment of those financial industries particularly for early-stage businesses is definitely still a challenge so we are still struggling to commercialize technologies as a scale we need to get to to be comparable to to more developed markets like in Silicon Valley or in Asia here so there's quite a long way to go yeah I'd say there's certainly discrepancies between access to capital between Silicon Valley one extreme where I mean you're practically being given checks every every corner you go to to I assume in Africa it's much more difficult to have access to capital and and why is that I think a lot of it has to do with rules around intellectual property but also just what's the exit scenario for an investor I mean people don't give you capital usually for social benefit when venture capitalists give you capital they want return and so they need to know how are you get they're gonna get an exit from their investment and what I've heard in the developing world is you know there aren't bigger companies that are necessarily gonna buy that or there's uncertainty around that I'm not sure how you address that but I think it's worth acknowledging that there's a big discrepancy it's not it's not so clear that there's great access to capital in Silicon Valley even for certain kinds of companies because it became very trendy to focus in on things that have very low capital you know very low capital intensity up front so things like apps and internet companies and a lot of the fundamental research isn't really getting funded that well out of venture community in Silicon Valley and so I think it does fall to companies like us and some other companies that are large companies that will put huge amounts of money and billions of dollars into fundamental research when it comes to venture capital though I generally my sense is that it goes to where the where the talent is and you know there was this notion at one point that the world is flat and you can just have anybody anywhere and they sort of all kind of congregate virtually but the world isn't really flat I mean there are big mountains there's a big mountain in the Silicon Valley of people there's big mountain in San Diego around telecom and life sciences and and so forth and and what I mean by that is that you have critical masses of people who come together and and because you have a critical mass of people in one place they can run into each other they can exchange ideas there can be serendipity and so forth and it's to those places that I think that the capital will flow what's nice now is that instead of talking about the flow of of of money we're talking about the flow of human capital and that people get trained in some of the best institutions and then they go back to their country or in that country we build up institutions of higher education and therefore we can create these other places where there's critical masses of people and innovation can occur one definitely needs that kind of critical mass to for for innovation to thrive to thrive and it's I think one of those things that's important to remember that you can manufacture it if we look at the fact that Israel's venture capital market really only jump started less than 30 years ago through the sort of schemes that that government set up to incite international capital in and provide those tax incentives and de-risk the market essentially that can be done and there's certainly government certain South African government has the funds to do that if they set up the right structures to bring in the skills on the investor side to manage early stage investors and I think would be surprised at the number of the amount of talent in the African diaspora and on the African continent that would converge once those kind of structures and infrastructure are in place so we can manufacture it if we put in the right frameworks now no discussion about prosperity can be complete without talking about jobs and job creation net net are the it's an overarching term technology but does technology create more jobs or does it take it away because in my industry let me tell you you got to be a one-man band now you need to edit you need to shoot yourself you need to do everything yourself so the big TV production teams are dwindling dwindling dwindling it's not creating jobs in my industry how about net net overall I would say it both creates and destroys net net I'd say it's a positive what I mean by that is like technology empowers companies individuals set another way and technology allows you to do more with less so the do more do the do more part is great for everybody because it basically decreases the cost of goods and thus everyone can access them more cheaply and that allows maybe a segment of the population who previously didn't have access to now have access and have a higher standard of living so that part's very easy I think the hard part is the with less so do more with less right and so what part of the supply chain is being cut out when we say with less and with that segment of the population what happens to the next we're getting rid of the poor middle man yeah all right don't you feel sorry for them what is the middle man going to do and you know one option is to retrain them but how realistic is that there's certainly government programs to provide subsidies but you know this is this is the real issue here I think gal about from the Chinese perspective a manufacturing based economy trying to move up up the value chain but at the same time you need to keep this masses the masses in jobs and this is absolutely right if a few days ago I was attending a conference there was a question raised to buy a boss from a property company the question was directed towards the boss of an internet company he said that the property market has triggered 500,000 jobs how many jobs have been triggered by the internet company internet industry and the question was not answered by the boss of the internet company he couldn't answer the question not to let me into the thinking what exactly has done has been done by the new technologies have that been new jobs or are there more jobs being laid off I noticed that new technologies have actually shaped the way of employment let's look at history 200 to 300 years ago most of the people in the world worked in agriculture that was simply because agriculture was the primary source of livelihood agriculture provided us with our basic needs however nowadays agriculture workers accounted for small percentage of the total workforce most of the people are working in the industry sector in the future more people are going to work in the tertiary sector or the internet sector on the other hand China is moving from a manufacturing-based company into a company focused on improving its efficiency it is being shifted from a from a country of manufacturing into the country of manufacturing and tertiary sectors this is going to change our future picture companies like Ali Baba and other internet portals certainly have affected the shopping malls and perhaps many of the people working there would have to be laid off robots once in place in a large scale will lead to layoffs in the manufacturing factories so for certain posts there will be people that will be laid off however we must be confident in the past when the industrial age replaced the agricultural age and there was a new form of so society and then I believe there will be new employment opportunities in the future if you look at human history there has been consistent growth in global population however the total number of active working force has been increasing compared with 20 to 10 years ago so there is no need to fear the potential damage brought about by technology so unemployment however on an individual or country level along with the global trend we need to adapt ourselves to find to seeking for new positions we need to adapt ourselves to the changing trend. Paul do you have anything to add? The history of technology is the history of human beings making tools for themselves and certainly every new tool it may take away something that somebody was doing more manually or now today more mentally but it also creates a platform going back to what we were talking about earlier for people to create more and I think that's that's where the focus needs to be yeah it is true that as time goes on some people will have their jobs the nature of their jobs change or even be eliminated but new jobs will be created and there are stats on the number of jobs now that are in the highest demand that didn't even exist you know whatever 10 years ago or five years ago and so I think that that is the natural cycle human beings create tools they use those tools to build the next thing including the next tools and so on and so forth and that's that's progress and that creates productivity and improves standards of living and so forth and when we talk about you know having mobile phones you know that has improved people's lives tremendously and you it's not even that the richest person in the world could have had a mobile phone you know 30 years ago he just didn't exist so these new tools create absolutely new things that you couldn't even have imagined at the time and so I think we're sitting here at a time where there are now tools that will be more mental based tools and worry what will that turn into for human beings I think we need to focus on the fact that it will create new opportunities there are probably a lot of entrepreneurs in the room here tonight or today where should they invest where no the better question where should they not as fast I would obviously say they should definitely go into the technology space I mean if we look at only from the perspective of jobs it's not as compelling but we should remember that technology will also open up opportunities and freelance work as well as entrepreneurship and lots of young people who might be able to offer some kind of reader translation or internet services could be able to just need a desk and a computer internet access and actually deliver some kind of products to the market and these all these opportunities so entrepreneurs who could express their creativity and ideas through technology that can now start up businesses so it's not just from the perspective of jobs but the opportunities that young people will be able to take up in freelance work and in entrepreneurship that I would encourage more than anything. Somewhat ironic that we're on a technology panel and we're supposedly getting a lot of social media comments but it's gone dead maybe somebody can come help me at the Luddite and we can get a new tablet up here and get I want to get the comments from the cyberspace do you want to something I'll just put it here and you can come creep up it's okay it's live television it's no problem how about the questions from the audience I've had much worse things happen to me on live TV down here in the front and please keep your question.下面 Kefang, can you please ask the question that you should not do comment on the question directly. I'm Austin Carrier. I'm Adrian and visiting professor at Columbia Business School. This is technology for prosperity who will become technology for destruction. We have always had seeming disenfranchisement and conflict and there being wars but with today's technology anybody can learn how to create terrorism or even print a bomb or print a gun on 3D printers. It is also probably fair to draw a parallel between large-scale terrorism such as Boko Haram in Nigeria and the IS in the Middle East and the ease of learning terror tactics and making terror weapons and more importantly recruiting large scales of volunteers through social media. What is your question sir? Should there be rules about what should be published on the internet and who should make these rules? Should there be one overarching rule for the internet to prevent some of the things that the gentleman mentioned? I think that will be quite hard to sort of police on the internet given the nature of its openness and I think I would rather defer to the idea that people resort to undertaking negative activity like that when they aren't better or better economic opportunities for themselves and the idea with providing internet access and tools for empowerment through the information and reducing inequalities that they're giving people an avenue to add productively to life and that is and I believe fundamentally that human beings will pull to that and we rather pull to those options when there isn't much else to go on and that's really what you see happening with the disenchanted young people that are part of these organizations in general and censorship is going to be against the principles of the internet and it's not it's not certainly the way I would go with that. I think the notion of trying to have one uniform governance over the internet which we've had discussions at this forum seems like trying to have one uniform governance over the world. There are going to be communities that will form and they'll have different interest sets and sure there are people who are doing very negative things but we've also been able to see when those things are happening. I mean if you look at the ability to keep track of those kinds of things and interrupt some of these these plots I think that I would argue that things have gone in a better direction now than in a negative direction. Now that has other implications though and the question is to what extent are people willing to be surveilled those are political questions more than than technology questions I would argue and which goes back to my first point that I think one internet governance is also a political question more. We can build technologies to create communities that trust each other and can share information and and trust that the information coming from one to another is not a negative impact on them. We've been having those discussions here as well but but the internet as it stands today I think you know it's really those issues are more political than technology. And criminal activity is criminal activity. That's right. Legal institutions in place to to tackle that. The other question though comes back to censorship is that a criminal act or is free expression a criminal act. I won't get into that now in this conversation. Any more questions. Yeah down here. Hi my name is Ahmed Mahira. I run a business in India called RML. We provide personalized information and marketplace services to farmers on mobile phones. And one of the challenges we have despite having proven the impact on prosperity of these services is that we are not able to scale as fast as I would like to. So we've reached about 1.5 million farmers but it's a country which has more than 120 million farming households. So I would love to hear your perspective Mr. Jacobs and Mr. Blackarick on how best how quickly one can scale because it requires a lot of consumer behavior change to adopt these technologies as well. Yes. You know I think the key thing that we're we're focused on is getting the cost down as much as possible getting the coverage out and improving the features. We aren't we aren't the ones that are building the operating systems and the applications. And I think what you said about making sure that the user interface and the user experience is good so that people have an easier way to to access these things I would actually put it put it back on you. I mean if there are things that we can do to make the devices better so that it's easier for somebody to interact with those are the kinds of things we're very interested in. If the reason why they can't have it is because they don't have coverage we're working on that as well. But if it's because they don't know how to interface with it I agree there's an education aspect and there's also a design of the application aspect of it. One of the things that that happened in our industry was we started out building smartphones and the wireless internet but it was Apple and Steve Jobs made it a mainstream thing because they combined art and technology and they built this beautiful thing that was easy for people to interface with. The technology had already been there over you know it had been built over time but they sort of packaged it up in a way that your average consumer really could relate to. So I would I would argue will help but it's on you too. Nathan. Address the part of your question around behavioral change I mean that's certainly a hard thing. You know I can relate because Airbnb has only existed six years ago six years ago the idea that you'd let a stranger stay in your home which is kind of mind blowing. No one thought this would be a big business. Today on any given night we have about 400,000 guests staying in other people's homes for the very first time. So an incredible amount of behavioral change has occurred over six years. I guess what has caused that is social proof. There's always early adopters those early adopters lean in they take some risk. And if all goes well others see that and you lead by example. And so I would say you know in this day and age with social media it's all the more possible to show social proof and amplify what you're doing to a broader audience. I would assume in Asia it's much more challenging for get hosts to open their homes. It's not it's not really a concept like in Europe or in the United States. Are you breaking down those barriers in Asia. We are and what's been amazing is that people are more similar than they are different. And what powers us is deeply human and transcends different cultures. And so we're actually seeing our fastest growth now in Asia. How many hosts is that what you call them. How many hosts do you think you'll have in China in five 10 years. Well that's a very hard question. I mean the nature of exponential growth makes it hard to predict when things double and double and double. And it is early days in Asia in China specifically. We're frankly bigger in the other countries surrounding China. But you're optimistic about China. I'm optimistic that Asia and probably China can be our biggest market someday. Really. By volume. Well just looking at the population I think. There's your headline right there. OK. This is called dead air on television. So OK entertain yourselves. Thanks. On the one hand technology is enabling people to live longer. On the other hand it seems to be driving jobs towards younger people. What's going to happen. What can you predict in terms of making it possible for older people to remain active in terms of jobs and so on. With this kind of decotomy. Yeah. Does technology basically wipe out a certain demographic of the workforce. Well frankly I think this is an opportunity for entrepreneurs. You asked earlier what areas are ripe for investment. Well what are the problems that no one else is solving right now. And I think certainly there's a huge segment of the population where there hasn't been as much focus in terms of opportunity creation. And when I think about our business our best hosts on our platform are an older segment. It's the segment that whose kids have gone off to college. They have extra space. They have warm hearts and they make great hosts. But I must think that there are probably other ways entrepreneurs can empower this segment of the population. We are unfortunately running out of time. I just want to run down the line up here. If you have any closing comments since this is really wrapping up the summer Davos if you will here in Tianjin this year which the theme has been based around technology. Everyone wants to know what's it going to look like. The internet or the mobile space in 10 years maybe in South Africa or in Africa where maybe people here are not too familiar. We'll have to keep it quick unfortunately. Okay great. When I think about sort of the gaps that are stopping us from getting to prosperity through technology it's really also a space where technology can help. So a lot of the times we look at young people and think they don't have the skills particularly on the continent. And through things that my company is doing at Rekindle and many other e-learning companies upskilling them on mobile devices is also part of that message that we need to drive home. And when we use technology to solve those kind of issues as though we can continue to spread the capacity and inclusion and influence and information that they need to get to participate and become active contributors through that. So imagine for me if we could give young Africans access to that empowerment and what that changes for the continent. The thing that I motivate the Qualcomm employees with is the notion that their ideas can impact the world. And that is a huge opportunity but it's a huge responsibility as well. And the responsibility is to make sure that we do things to improve quality of life and standards of living whether it's in health care or education public safety entrepreneurship all of these areas. And I think that what we'll see over the next five to ten years is that we'll see the blossoming of this platform this mobile technology platform this connectedness this ability to get access to information into each other and we're going to see a tremendous improvement in people's quality of life. I can have seven devices stuffed down my pants and my socks. You're going to have ones you're going to have ones in your body on your body in the room around you it's going to be everywhere the internet of everything. More ways for my wife to track me. New technologies today in internet included are indeed delivering new wealth and wealth generation for new segments of the population. We have more and more richer people every year and the new technologies are also bringing about jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for underdeveloped underserved populations and regions that that's all that it is good but for new technologies in essence they should be geared towards improving the quality of life towards making us healthier towards making us happier instead of making us look more comfortable on the surface while not having a better life in essence so I think technologies should make our life happier that's the right direction to take and unfortunately you're going to be last you're going to have to wrap it up quickly we hit a hard break in about a minute all right yeah real quick I think 10 years from now the vast majority of the population will hopefully be connected through the internet through their smartphones and whatever device comes next and I have to believe that that's going to create a lot of new opportunities particularly for those who aren't yet connected and no one knows what that looks like but I think that will that can only improve from where we are today great way to wrap up the conversation ladies and gentlemen please thank our panelists thank you thank you very much thank you very much