 The study shows that transcription factor NRF2 regulates a network of genes involved in drug metabolism and antioxidant defense and also directly affects mitochondrial bio-energetics in neurons and embryonic fibroblasts. Loss of NRF2 leads to decreased ATP levels and impaired respiration, while genetic activation increases these parameters. The study highlights the importance of efficient energy metabolism in NRF2-mediated cytoprotection. This article was authored by Kira M. Holmstrom, Liam Baird, Ying Zhong, and others.