 Okay, so good morning or good evening, everyone. First, I'd like to welcome you all and thank everyone for attending. I'm Xifan from Urban China Network at Columbia GSAP. We are a student organization operated by urban planning students aiming to create an international communication platform for Chinese urbanism across multiple disciplines. So today remarks our seventh year of Urban China Forum. And I would like to thank our sponsors, GSAP Urban Planning Program, Wenbiya Global Center Beijing, and the Weatherhead East Asian Institute for making this forum possible. Under this special circumstance, we're proud to be able to host a two-day U.S. China Forum here at this virtual meeting room with all of you. This year our theme revolves around the city's response to COVID-19, as Chinese cities have been in the center of the discussion. We hope to discover multiple aspects of urbanism in the pandemic to reflect on the past, review the present, and reimagine a post-COVID future. The topic today is Management and Pandemic Urbanism. The schedule has been posted in the chat box. There will be Q&A sessions following each presentation. We're honored to be joined by leading practitioners and scholars, senior urban designer Mr. Wei Qian from ACOM Greater China, Professor Qin Mingzhan from Wuhan University, and Professor Yinglong from Tsinghua University. The presentations will be followed by a panel discussion moderated by Professor Wei Pingwu, Director of Masters in Urban Planning Program at GSAP, and she is also the UCN's consultant. With that, I would like to hand over to Professor Wu to welcome you all. Hello, everyone. Welcome to GSAP. Welcome to Columbia, and welcome to the Urban Planning Program. Yes, it's remote. Every year we do this in person and we have a wonderful vacation, but if there is any silver lining for the pandemics, we are now talking with everyone in China, so I am very, very proud of our students who continue to keep the urban China for a life and keep it very exciting. And, you know, the year 2020 is going to go down the history as an extraordinary year, crisis after crisis. And I think Chinese cities have been through a lot and have been almost coming back to normal now. But it's a little bit hard to actually think hope and promise on this side of the Pacific. It's really quite depressing here, and so I'm actually very much looking forward to this evening or this morning and tomorrow's because if there is another silver lining of this crisis and pandemics, is that global south and global north, the boundaries are really blurring and we can learn a lot from China. Particularly I think we are going to, I wanted to highlight three issues that we may be discussing a little bit more later and I hope to also listen to the scholars' presentations to look for some answers there. One is climate change and how in this time of pandemics when we are worried about being too close to each other, being too crowded, how can we continue to make progress towards that we already made under climate change before the lockdown. And second, especially on this side of the Pacific that spatial and social inequality is really showing its ugly faces under the pandemic. And we know where people live, where whole people are really mattered in the life and death in this pandemic. And that's something I think cuts across all the countries that are experiencing the pandemic. Last but not least, this pandemic also reveals how important public investment is in cities, in its people and in the infrastructure of all types. And in that light, Chinese cities again are far ahead of many. And so I'm very much looking forward to listening to the presentation. So I wanna thank all of the speakers for making the time to come and join us on a weekend, especially right after the national holiday week. So I really wanna thank you very much. And I really look forward to your presentations and discussing with you how from these three angles and many more that cities on this side of Pacific can really learn from you all. So very much hope for a very successful forum. And again, I wanna thank all of the students and all of the sponsors. Thank you so much, Weiping, for giving us so much validation. Then thank you to your speakers in attendees for joining this event. Without further ado, let's welcome Mr. Tin Ray to give us a presentation about resilient communities. Can everyone see my screen? Okay. Good morning and evening. It's a great honor for me to share online via GSAP's forum. I think it's a great annual meeting for scholars and practitioners to talk about Chinese urban development changes through this platform. Today, I changed my title of speech of my sharing a little bit. It's COVID-19, the birth and rise of new public in China and to the world. It's actually connected to my practice and research recently through the pandemic period. And it will be four parts. The first one is about the changes and challenges by COVID-19. The second is about why planning design matters to this pandemic. The third one is about the birth of new public. The fourth one is about the rise of new public. First, as we are approaching to 2020, we all know Wuhan is a heart, it's a central place to the world. And we see the outbreak of COVID-19 throughout the regions and to the world. Here we see the maps. This is actually not the most up-to-date map but it's showing how big and how expanded the COVID-19 was through the past few months. And this is the picture I took during February and March in Beijing. We can see the close connections between spatial planning and design with the public policies are failed. Actually doing that most severe period in China. And we see the market chaotic situation happening in China. And it is obvious that a considerable amount of people do not have access to the knowledge about how they should live in the city facing with this kind of emergencies like this. As well, many of municipalities has no appropriate reactions in emergencies like this to guarantee citizens is people with an open, efficient and trustable safe civic public realm. That's why I focus my research and practice to civic space, public space in my letter part. And here we see how China react. This is also what Chinese government being proud of for a long time. But as Professor Wu just said, we see a lot of achievements through this fight towards COVID-19. We also noticed a lot of problems. Our cities can recover from this kind of public health and sanitation crisis and thus to build up capabilities towards any similar or other impacts in the future is a key question to Chinese government and other governments around the world. And more so, we also would love to see the progressive actions from all the parties in the cities and sectors to care all the people psychologically and heartfully, not only statistically like the map and the forum shows. And the second part is why planning design matters. I think I don't have to spend too much time to explain this. Looking back, it is not difficult to find the clues that contemporary urban planning as a profession routed itself a lot deep into the contribution of the aggregation of population resources and the productivities and where the problems and challenges on public health and sanitation have been derived. And that's why the contemporary urban planning as a major in U.S. was firstly defined by the Olmsted Junior at Harvard. And it is one of the great purposes of the park to supply to the hundreds, thousands of the tired workers who have no opportunity to spend their summers in the country and specimen of God's handiwork that shall be then inexpensively what amounts were to in the White Mountains area. This actually shows the essence of urban, why urban planning means so much to public health, not only sanitation, but also socially and psychologically health of the whole society. And third part, I will come really quickly to the birth of new public. Before we jump into my observation, I would like to ask some questions. First one, we need to make the clarification of public, private and open, closed space. Designers in China often miss understanding this two set of meanings, public, private, open, closed. The open space can be private. That's how we see a lot of open spaces are wasted in China. And what is real public is a question to not only professionals, but also to the government's officials and all the enterprises and even the normal people living in the cities and using the cities. The second question is, can public space produce economically? We know in past few years since 2015, 2015 or 2016, the public space, especially the street space being torn down, being changed vastly in China like cities in Beijing. But right after the COVID-19 pandemic fight, we can see the Chinese government, central government from central government level to encourage this kind of street market happening again. And they're encouraging this kind of economic activities back to the cities. So right now we have the questions as professional to the government. Why public space after pandemics like COVID-19 can produce economically, but not before? So at least public space should be trusted as kind of a toolkit for government to make the governance effective. But also for people, it's a trustable place for them to live in the cities safely and without any concerns and worries. This is how I define the new public. It composes with new public spaces, public policies and public engagements and how they are being constructed. It will go back to the origins of how we understand the infrastructure of the cities. We know we use infrastructures to form the skeleton of the city development framework. So we see this diagram from the infrastructure of infrastructures, like light, air, water, fires, soil data, this kind of basic elements to generate like resource, ecological, resilient, information, municipal and social infrastructures. This is how we planners and designers normally describe infrastructures. But the key part is how they generate the effective public services and related public policies, public engagement opportunities to the real public people. And we can see how new public will go back to influence the people's daily life, everyday life. And given that I came up with some suggestions about how should we go forward of new public spaces should be done. And given the time limit, I will not read article by article, but I will share the most important part, the strategy part, to integrate different progressive technologies into multi-scenarios, a group of multidisciplinary team under leadership and coordination from the government will have to draft up two critical documents. The first one is action plan of the public realm administration for epidemic period, outbreak period. And the other one is about the master plan for resilient public realms, which in China, most cities don't have these two kinds of master plan or action plan, especially the action plan of how people use public realm appropriately. And the second one is about the public policy, the key strategy is about the municipalities shall coordinate and draft up the new master plan for resilience for urban resilience with a set of accurate policy toolkit and package. I guess most of the professors today here will understand in China that the logic behind the public policy making is kind of top-down logic. It's not the problem or the question-oriented logic. So our public policy normally cannot solve public problems. And for long time, for decades, Chinese government is trying to use inappropriate public policy to interfere the private realm. Actually, that's why we can see a lot of ugly images or unhappy news during the pandemic period in China. The third one is the public engagement. The key strategy is based on the local condition and we need to grasp the local governance unit, communities in China actually. Again, for volunteering activities in order to be closer to the normal city users and help them to go back to normal everyday life. This is how we suggest to the government with, we can see the listed actions. And we also suggest this to actually undergoing projects to the Beijing new sub-center for this new set of strategies and actions, the test whether it will be useful because in the constructed area of Beijing, it's really, really difficult for us to test out the new strategies. And now we are trying to using this kind of spatial access management platform, which we're collaborating with the local government, trying to list out what kind of public space, public realms can be used, can be upgraded and can generate the social value and the economic value. And thus we will follow with the two key set of documents including the public realm administration action plan and the resilience master plan of the whole region. The fourth one is, I was trying to talk about the rise of new public. Given the suggestions to Chinese government and during the pandemic period, my friends and I took part into the competition of the Brooklyn Bridge, re-imagined Brooklyn Bridge competition and given that into these contacts of living with COVID-19 and living in the period post-pandemics, we see New York City in the COVID-19. I will go through this part quickly because the time is limited. We see a lot of interesting news like the mayor of New York City. They don't wanna open up the streets and the local people and the city council speaker Carly Johnson said New York City needs to open streets to pedestrians for public health, public safety and for our collective sanity. New York City should be leading to the way in this issue. And after a long talk with the city government, with the mayors, the mayor, Blasio, finally agree, announces 30 more miles open streets, making New York City a nation's leader finally. This is actually a rise of the new public space, of the sense of new public in the cities, how we should fight with the pandemic, this kind of public crisis. And after that, let me draw attention to the competition. When we're talking about public space, I understand the mayor of New York City actually, when he disagreed with open up the streets as public space because it's actually all about money issues. In every city, we see the problems. Unfortunately, being afraid of both cars and people, Mayor Blasio just refused to open the street. But the team would rather recall, as reported back to 1880s as below, first to foresee this bridge as reconnecting great cities, great people and great spirits, that all great things in this country and in states being built on, that the belief in the democracy and commonwealth of the public values, but not only in the physical way, but also connect her from the two territories, two parts of people living in New York City. That's why we define the new public by the new technologies as we suggest something we suggest to Chinese government that we also wanna try into the New York City context with this kind of mild strategy from bottom up way to suggest more kind of people, every group of people living in the city and every groups, every sectors using the city and managing the city can also contribute to the reimagining the new Brooklyn Bridge. This is how we reprogram this new public space by the new technologies. Also, in this discussion with my teammates and with the other institute with the city government representatives, the data security is sensitive problems and challenges to this kind of strategy and design representation and design execution. I think this will relate much to Professor Longing's sharing afterwards. And finally, as this kind of in China, we use a top-down strategy to suggest government directly to use public space as the governance toolkit and comparing to in New York City, we use this kind of bottom-up strategy to take part in this kind of competition and we talk to local people, we talk to representatives from each communities. We see the difference and common things in how people understanding public space, the new public space, new public in different worlds. And that's an ongoing research that I'll be working closely in the future two weeks, actually with ACOM's leadership team. Maybe in China right now, in Beijing, we will have a similar public space project, but it's still confidential. And I would love to welcome all the professors, all the guests here to pay attention to our update on ACOM WeChat account. Okay, that's my sharing today. The time is too short, sorry. Thank you so much, Mr. Chun-Rui, for your sharing on US and Chinese CVs planning. And now let's enter the Q&A sessions. So the attendees, please feel free to use the raise hands feature under the participants tab so you can ask questions or typing the chat box so we can ask them for you. Maybe I will get started with a question. This is really interesting. I see the coverage of public space and which reminds us how when we study public space in many US cities, we call it very police, meaning how you use public space is generally not completely at your free will, if you say, you know, if you put it that way. So I'm very curious in your research and in your work in China, whether there have been significant reconfiguration of public space that you see that could potentially continue into the future because I think the pandemic condition wouldn't be just temporary. Many of us now realize this will be going on for a long time. So how do we conceptualize road and street space, right? That both benefit sort of the economic interest but also the public interest. So it's a different kind of way of thinking any. So really interested in your thoughts on that. Thank you. Thank you for your question. Actually, I see the pandemic actually as an opportunity for Chinese professionals to redefine public space in China because we understand in Chinese government system, there are many, many different definitions to public space, to public. That's a problem actually, we don't have private, we don't define private, how can we define public? This is a core problem of the issue. But given the pandemic challenges by COVID-19, we actually see a lot of project opportunities for us to illustrate how we should understand public space in our everyday life, in our city life, like the street space, like the community space, like the Xiao Chi Lim in the open space, the gated community space. It's actually all public space. And how should we approach to the spatial strategies to this kind of space to, as you just said, the pandemic is not temporarily, it will be long existing with us. So actually we have this great opportunity to use this top-down system, to talk to government directly, to talk to our clients as practitioners, for them to understand what kind of public space they should have first. And then we can show the presidents, we can show the actually built up projects, the physical public space to the normal city users. And then we are actually fulfilling the role of urban planners as a connector between administration, between authorities and normal people in China. I think this is my answer to your question. Thank you. We have a comment in the chat box. So while New York opens the street to pedestrians and bikers, Chinese cities use gated communities to lock people in the residential units. Based on these facts, do you think the pandemic leads to a chance to open the public space or the strengthening of control from Jay? That's two-way thing, I think. If as designers, we were trying to push the definition to the public space, then there will be better for us to open the public space, open more public spaces for people living in the city. But actually during, especially February and March in Beijing, based on my observation, a lot of communities are just like gated jail. It's not even gated communities, it's like jail. People get into their neighborhoods or where they want to get out, their neighborhoods is a challenge for them for their everyday life. Even when I walk in streets during the, when I take the pictures of Sanlitun area, the picture I showed just now, there will be policemen and community person just running to me and asking me, where do you leave? Do you have your personal ID? And you should go back home, don't walk in streets. But it's very ironic, given the guidance from the government, people should stay in the open air, we should open the window, we should stay in the ventilated place. But if we all stay in gated communities, it's much more dangerous than working in the streets because there's no people there. So this is the conflict of the public space, the paradox of the public space in China actually. And that's why I came up with this kind of comparison using two kinds of strategy to research public space. In both China and the U.S. Thank you for your answers. So just after that question, regarding the mental state during this lockdown, how do you think the public space should play a role in this event? Well, we have another question coming. We have another T.O actually. So from Ben, we're dying to know what has become of the dancing grannies. They are one of the pleasures of visiting Chinese cities. Will there be public space for them? They're at least as nice as the dancing dirt bikes of NYC. They have their space now already. Yeah, even still the use of public space right now is not as free as free COVID-19, but they already have their space to dance freely. Okay, great. Another question from Jinghao. Hello, Mr. Chen. Through your experience, what are the ways local government can allow more citizens to engage in the urban planning process, especially during the COVID era? And do you think the government and the citizens might have different set of value when it comes to urban planning? I didn't have time to expand my research given a special role of myself, especially in Beijing. They have a new institution called dedicated planners to each community, to each Jieda government level, the smallest government unit in China actually. And we are using this kind of institution, this kind of system to engage more public people into the planning process. And I myself actually is dedicated planners to three communities in Chaoyang district. So that's how I execute my research and public space optimization projects in Beijing. Yeah, we have the channels and systems to engage public, but still it's not enough. I think as urban designers, as practitioners, we should try more to collaborate with professors in universities like Qinhua, like Beijing University of civil engineering architecture, this kind of professional schools. And also we need to talk more to the local enterprises, local corporates together, take them, talk to the local governments. That's how we influence the government officials, trying to giving them the clues, giving them the basic knowledge of public space from different aspects. Okay, great, thank you. I think we'll have to move on to our next speaker. Please welcome Professor Qingming Zhang and his experience on the Wuhan CD COVID handling experience. And we'll leave any questions in the chat box toward the discussion panel session. Okay, hello everyone. It's my great pleasure to meet up with you online. It's a good opportunity to show cases happening in Wuhan. Many people are focused on the pandemic center starting point of Wuhan. And actually I was arriving in Wuhan from Hong Kong 30 minutes before the announcement of lockdown. So I've been staying in Wuhan for more than half a year from the beginning of the lockdown. So I have a close look at what's happening in the neighborhood in the city and the connection between different cities. The center issue of my talk is about to look at the COVID-19 and with consideration of transportation and accessibility to connect all these elements and see after the event and what we can learn from those experience and those cases. It's just cases in Wuhan and the connection of cases in mainly China only. I haven't got data to look at after the global cases. And the three issues I may mention during my talk advise that the intelligent transmission in early days of COVID outbreak. If we look at the outcomes of this lockdown measure and level one response. And the second part, we'll look at closely in Wuhan the center of the outbreak and the network agromeration. And third, we will also look at the transportation and in connection with the transmission. We may attempt and what the pooled proposal could be come out of this kind of understanding. Actually, if we look at the inter-regional transmission of early days of COVID outbreak, we may still find some connections between the measurements and the result effectiveness of these measurements. For example, if we compare the cases in the, what happening in similar cases in 2003, that's SARS outbreak. It was after a few weeks, it started going up the number of cases like this blue line, yeah, it's taken a longer time to gradually come up the figures. If you look at the COVID-19, that's the blue line, the yellow line, you see, after a few weeks, it's come up rapidly, right? It's much faster than SARS. So the windows for us to react is actually very tiny. We have to do it efficiently and quickly. That's just the difference between these two coronavirus. And if you look at the time line, let's red line is the few weeks outbreak in the beginning. So the cases start very quickly. And after the measurements of lockdown of Wuhan, so the number three drop quickly, right? And during the lockdown period, the travel had been minimized in certain level. And then it's like travel start a bit up in the later stage. Let's just see from the timeline. Sorry. And if you look at the possible disperse of this COVID-19 in China, we have this quote from a paper from the magazine of science. You have four cases. The real cases, it's a black line with Wuhan travel ban and with level one response. The actual real cases. So the number of cases remain low, right? If there's a travel ban, but without level one response, you will see it's in the beginning is a low case and it come up in the later stage it may rise, right? If there's a result travel ban, but with response level one response, it's a blue line, its goals remain relatively smaller number. And if without travel ban and without level one response, it will come sky high, right? This is the worst case we don't want to see, right? So from those cases, we could say the travel ban have almost equivalent effect that as compared to this level one response, but you cannot apply the ban alone. The level one response is also still necessary in Chinese cases. If you look at the number of cases, first and second and third and fourth week of January, you can see that the number of these cases in Wuhan, this darker yellow shows it's about, in the highest percentage around 50% of cases are come from Wuhan. But in other weeks, something like one third of the cases traveling from Wuhan. This means about 50 or 60% of travel cases are not directly from Wuhan. So if we say lockdown Wuhan can play important role but not all dominant from the bigger as we can see from here. And I just show some examples. This in original travel active cases in the first week of January, Wuhan and surrounding area and also other important city like Beijing, Hong Kong and Changsha, Shanghai as well. And if you look at the travel activity case, destination of first week, also in the surrounding areas, but the number is a little bit smaller. And if you look at the second week, the travel case have reached much more cities and there's also destination. The start not only from Wuhan, Wuhan is the biggest one, but not only one, right? So many cities has arrival of these cases, right? And if you look at the third week, the Wuhan remain the largest number that's originally traveling from Wuhan, but still a lot of other Chinese major cities are also the origins of the traveling active cases, right? This is the destination travel. So the travel destination even wider and cover much more cities and villages. And it is the fourth week of January, and you can see this origin of this travel from many cities are much larger than Wuhan. So because the destination of cases Wuhan have been eliminated, but other cities remain moving. So you can see the timeline changes of these measures. Okay, to a short summary, region of travel from an empire of nationwide to travel bank, and we have to look at exactly how people are moving in between from Wuhan and between other cities. So we can take a measurement more accurate and to reach better effort or outcomes or results. So this post event and that is still important to find that the ground truth and the reality, how we can do it correctly and what kind of scale all this measure have to be considered. Okay, second part I will concentrate in Wuhan because Wuhan is the outbreak center and we also look at the network of the connectivities and transportation facilities between Wuhan and other cities in mainland China. Here we look at the two scale why is Wuhan an enabling region? Because we have most of these migrants, migrant workers are from metropolitan area of Wuhan, including several cities around Wuhan, just very close to Wuhan and villages and small counties around Wuhan. So that is the majority, that's why cases from Wuhan are, in fact, this area heavily. And if you look at the bus connections between Wuhan municipality is a wide area and this is the accessibility of these buses, they have daily commutes between Wuhan and the neighboring cities, it's not the areas. Those are the most of cases are come up from out of Wuhan. And we have also these connections or numbers, this city and it's originally, the people are from this neighboring city and where they work in the district of Wuhan. So you see the Xiao Gang and Huang Gang are the two major cities that contribute the migrant workers in Wuhan and some other city as well. See this slanted area, that's most of these cases are reached, those neighboring regions at first in the early days of Wuhan and also somewhere between the lockdown before and after lockdown, right? If you look at this area, we could see the connectivity, so it's very efficient because we have a high dense of highways and high dense that's easy travel with a high speed train and also can be private car or train and even this normal train, right? If you look at these figures, this Xiao Gang, Huang Gang, has received most of these active travelers and most of cases also proportional to this number of travelers originally from Wuhan. If you look at the from a large scale and if you look at the nationwide, Wuhan still play an important role. This is the source of migrants from China. There are people from neighboring province, they also find job in Wuhan. If you look at, first of all, it's a province and the neighboring province like Jiangxi, Hunan and Chongqing, Henan, yeah, neighboring province has contributed quite a lot of migrants come to work in Wuhan. And even we have with the air connection with Beijing and Shenzhen, Shanghai and so on, they also have a big number of the travelers between Wuhan and those cities. And if you look at the proportion or percentage of top 15 or range of travelers in China, Wuhan is even, it's not the highest one. It's ranking somewhere here. The top one may be Shenzhen or Beijing or Shanghai, it's a frontline cities. Wuhan is quite large of these numbers, but not in the top. So because of Wuhan is in the central location, so the connectivity and the travel opportunities are high, so they can efficiently move from Wuhan to any places in China. So let's say, a relatively higher number of travelers and have a very high efficiency of connectivities and transportation facilities. So transmission ratios remain high from Wuhan. And that is the Wuhan daily trains connection, number of trains between Wuhan and those cities. You can, these dark colors have more very frequent connection. Even look at the train alone, we have more than 200 trains between Wuhan and Changsha and Zhenzhou, right? More than 100 lines connect Chongqing and Wuhan. So most of these people are traveling by train, normal train and high-speed train. And this is the destination corridors between Wuhan and you look at mainly because of the high-speed train. So this corridor has multiple cases, if you can see, that's the second week of January. So you can find a route of these travelers move around. And here you can see also the outreach efficiency of Wuhan, network efficiency. One hour Wuhan can reach this number of people and it's four hours and six hours. So the red line is the city of Wuhan, you see almost in the top. So every more hours Wuhan can reach more places and more population can be connected, right? The number one, maybe Beijing in the end, but in somewhere between four hours and six hours, Wuhan is still higher than that in Beijing. So you can see Wuhan is a very important transportation hub in mainland China because of its location. And if you can look at the connection, weekly flights from Wuhan to little long-distance cities between Wuhan, Urumqi and Harbin and so on, there are many connected by air passengers, passenger flights, right? And nearby cities in the region, most people travel by high-speed train because it's four or five hours and can reach most of the major cities in China. And that is the destination of active cases, the second wave of January. You see, even in northwest of China, we still find cases that travel from Wuhan. It's mainly by taking by flight, right? And if you look at this optimal route, even you travel by train, by flight, by car, and still you have a higher opportunity to go through this region, especially Wuhan, right? You see, if you want to go shorter way, still about 31% of the times you have to go through Wuhan, right? So it's from other point of view, Wuhan is also a hub for that logistic network, right? You cannot go beyond Wuhan, otherwise you will take a much longer route, right, as a cognitive. So Wuhan remain a very important hub. And a short summary, the inter-region transmission may be about more than migration, because the travel between start from Wuhan and destination as Wuhan are still a big number. So we have to consider both, not only the migrant workers, but also the travelers, businessmen, and also students, because Wuhan has one million college students and post-graduate students. Lucky enough, in the first two weeks of January, most of these students in Wuhan have already moved out to Wuhan when home. So very few cases have been found among those students. That's very positive signals. If those students leave Wuhan later, then there may be another big issue, because one million students is a big number. And third point, we will try to associate the transportation and in transmission. See what can we suggest, what can we predict, what can we learn to improve our framework of this kind of analysis and study. Actually, there is a framework, which is the proposed framework to evaluate these kind of connections. Actually, we make it three parts. There's a vehicle evaluation, stop-by evaluation, and destination evaluation. They may be studied differently, and the causes may be different. And we have this SIR data, we have immigrant data, and this table, OD table, and the proper ability to distribution and potential active cases between O and D, and we have the potential active cases on roads. And all these come with these three types of evaluation. We can come up much clearer, more comprehensive outcomes of this kind of prediction of this, as we call it, improved SIR model. Here, we consider the routes in the migration in other cities. We have a route file. We know all these connections and paths, including air, railway, and highway connections. And then we have all these points of locations and boundaries, for example, and we wait at the route point. And then we can project time and time consumption and to the route point. And then we have total time assumption, and then we come up with these connections. And it's departure and arrive at time and see if we can come up with more realistic predictions. This is some delays. And then we can still act in early stage to provide the kind of facilities and take some precaution measures to try to stop and contain the coronavirus. And here's the way we tried in our considerations to try to act this SIR with intervention and class accessibility, see if we can do a better job in these cases. And we have some early stage of studies. If this is the actual figures as a prediction, there's cases in surrounding cities like Yingcheng city near Wuhan, Yunmen, Xian'an, and Shibi, Tongshang. All these cities are traveling from Wuhan by one, around one hour. You can see the cases and prediction will likely align together these two figures. So the improvement can be seen as kind of significant. Because time limits I could just show this much. And thank you very much for your attention. We should like to learn an example from your side as well. Thank you very much. Thank you, Professor. It was really interesting seeing the correlation between accessibility and the COVID outbreak. So now we are entering the Q&A session. First of all, we have a question from Ben. Would it be interesting to know if any architectural, urban design, social differences on average between Hankou, Hanyang, and Wuchang have affected COVID rates in those three parts of the city, as if rates differed in Manhattan and Brooklyn? From figure I learned, because the outbreak center is related to the seafood market, the seafood market is actually located in Hankou. So you can find most of the cases start from Hankou. But because of the distribution of the hospital, all these active cases, they have to run into hospitals. Because the many hospitals in Wuchang let's also host spots during this early stage. So the cases running into the hospital and inside the hospital is a source of transmission. And many other patients are also being affected by the virus. So you can say Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang are more or less equally distributed of the cases. Not only the beginning, the outbreak center, but because of the hospital. Most of these hospitals are specially distributed among three parts of the city. And it's not very much related to these city configurations and also architecture or these physical settings. I think the connectivity of the infrastructure and this people concentration are more over related. I would like to mention that the Hankou railway station and Wuhan airport are two very important nodes for transmission. Because Hankou railway station is just one kilometer away from the markets, the civil markets. And they are two high, the metro line connection and high speed train connection between Hankou railway station and airport. So people can easily, efficiently travel to those transportation hubs. So many cases can be found that get affected in this cloud transportation hub. Thank you. We have a question coming up. I think I can ask one question. Professor Jian, your research is very interesting about the connectivity and COVID cases. Because we know the COVID cases, these cases, data are not readily available throughout the internet. So is there any resources or channels we can get those data source? I think that would be a great resource for scholars, practitioners, or especially students studying urban planning like us. This is the important issues. So far, we can access to this total number of cases in terms of city and municipality. We're still not able to access to these cases in level for level or in building level. Because of this, maybe, kind of consideration of people may become more chaotic. So they didn't leave all the cases in public domain, especially in Wuhan. People are big afraid. But I can tell you in all the gates, the community in Wuhan, about one third of the community, they have no any cases. So this is also important. This kind of gate, it's a community provides kind of facility to check the temperature when people move in and we move out, provide the kind of additional measurements to contain virus and transmission in Wuhan. But maybe in the future, we hope we can be able to access to those data sources. But the government agency, they may have a specific group of researchers. They may look at these detailed data sets. Yes, I understand the government agencies, they could have epidemiological, pretty precise data about patients. But of course, due to the privacy issues, or maybe the government issues, it's not like. Yeah, but neighborhoods still know where is the cases. Because if it's a neighborhood, the corridor has been closed. And at least they know someone in the neighborhood. And they also provide a green plate to each gate community that's free of these cases. So people can walk around the campus and inside the community. So give some open space for the local residents to relax a bit. And those online shopping also provide necessary foods for people. So people are not scared without food and water and electricity. And good enough is also this internet connection provides confidence for people to stay at home. And you can see that recently, recent years, Wuhan has increased a large number of these green spaces. We have a slogan, residents will reach green area in 500 meters and reach parks in one kilometer. And it's largely having achieved so far. Thank you. Thank you. All right, thank you for the questions. We'll now move on to Professor Longying's presentation on smart technology. I'm sure Professor Zhang has already developed love for Yogan Nudo, as he said, Wuhan local. But now please welcome Professor Longying. Thank you. Thanks for the invitation. And today I am delighted to be here to introduce our very preliminary research, actually. Not so well established research. It is still ongoing. And we do not even have a draft for this research. So the title is about smart technologies for pandemic urbanism. Anyway, it's very preliminary. And I'd like to briefly introduce what we are thinking for technology, COVID-19, and pandemic urbanism, I mean the relationship. And what is the role for our urban planning and urban design in such a background? So actually, I think the previous two speakers have mentioned a lot for COVID-19 in China and in the world. I think that really shifted a lot. I mean, I think COVID-19 has impacted a lot for our daily life city operation and urban management, as well as urban planning, urban design, even the public space. So that is quite strange to us. However, I think COVID-19 is one side. And on the other side, on the other facet, we are experiencing the new industrial revolution, which is called the false industrial revolution, composed by a lot of emerging or disruptive technologies. So anyway, currently, in such a year, technologies are ubiquitous and everywhere. And Professor Zhan also mentioned, technologies really help a lot in Wuhan. I think in China as well. So when we are looking back to the past 10 years, we can see a lot of new things. I mean, a lot of things we are using right now. I mean, I think the emerging technologies we are familiar with right now only have already limited history. In the past 10 years, we have booming sharing economy, e-commerce, big data, artificial intelligence, for example. When we compare the COVID-19 with, I mean, 2003 SARS outbreak, actually at that time, I was a graduate student, logged in, Qinhua campus. And I think at that time, we do not worry in tracing of powerful smart technologies at that time. And right now, in 2020, I think the euro is deeper. So now we also have some comparison for 2003 SARS and the 2020 COVID-19. And we can see the booming research on smart technologies like big data, cloud, computation, mobile internet, for example. So anyway, I mean, smart technologies are everywhere right now, which is my topic today. And so I like to ask, what rules do smart technologies play in the process of COVID-19, for example, especially in China? And to what extent can they solve the existing urban problems, like development, planning, and the design management as well? And how should they be improved in the future? So I think in such a background, smart technologies contribute to resilient cities, smart cities, and the health city. That is my precondition for the research today. So in my research, I like to collect the application cases happening in China and combating with COVID-19 from the perspective of smart technologies. And we actually have collected thousands of cases in China. And so today I like to propose a framework for smart resilience and health cities driven by smart technologies for combating with COVID-19 for pandemic urbanism or for the post-pandemic urbanism. And now I will take China's cases as an example to build a case base to illustrate how smart technologies helped in the past months. I mean, during combating stage and the post-pandemic, I mean, supporting urban operation stage. So that is my main purpose. And we also have conducted some literature review. We can see a lot of extensive papers on smart cities, resilient cities, health cities, and we also have some overlap for the concepts. There are also some observable literature on, for example, smart resilient cities, smart health cities. So I like to focus on the central one. I mean, I think the smart technologies contribute to all the three concepts. So actually here is the, I have to admit again, a very pretty new framework we are proposing. Actually, first, we have a lot of smart technologies and smart technologies have different channels to exert impacts for different stakeholders in China. For example, the government, for the technology companies, professionals, and even citizens to support urban planning and management, to support urban life, daily life, and the city production. And I think the impacts are workable, can be divided into different stages, like the normal stage for cities and high-risk stage and the post-pandemic stage. And the outcome, I think, should be going to more resilient, smarter, and healthier. So that is the framework. So here come to the methodology. Actually, we have searched a lot, heavily searched the whole internet, like the media reports, media coverage, academic papers, white papers, government messages, social media information. And finally, we have collected around 2,700 cases, application cases of various types of smart technologies in China, I mean, in different cities as well. And we also have tagged all the collected cases, I mean, around 3,000. For example, the category of technology, I mean the type of technology, big data, all robots, all the automation system, serial number, subjects, the birth location, the summary of the effects, I mean, reported effects and observed effects. And then we also have a brief description for each case we collected. And the service objects, action stage, I mean, an action scale, and the action application sites, as well as the source. And the table is illustrating our, I mean, the template for each case. And here we have put three here. And in total, I think we have categorized all the smart technologies into 10 categories, like big data, robots, e-mail, media, mobile internet. I think mobile internet is very important. Currently, I think it is quite important since currently we are using the online media and supported by mobile internet. And artificial intelligence, internet of things, I mean the sensors, sharing economy, blockchain, cloud computing, and even intelligent construction, like the Huoshengshan hospitals in Wuhan. Yeah, anyway, in total, we have 10 categories right here. And, oh, sorry, not 10 categories. We have already expanded our case base. Currently, we have 14 kinds of smart technology. And the first is big data. I think data, I think big data are very important. So, I mean, big data help us to display data, I mean, the situation for epidemic situation in different cities and in different countries as well. And analysis and the forecast epidemic situation. There are already a lot of research currently. And monitor analysis, the decision making, and analysis for public, to analyze public opinion, to understand how people are feeling, were feeling during pandemic period. And artificial intelligence is also important to support or to improve the quality of the analysis, the accuracy of forecast, and to analyze virus and the development of medicine. That is also very important. And also online medical consulting, intelligent, outbound, surveys, and identify science and the simpleton without touch. Yeah, since there's an interaction between human beings, are very important to prevent during virus series situation actually. So anyway, I think AI also helped a lot for people, for government, and for medical staff as well. And mobile, Internet, I think mobile, mobile Internet is of the most important smart technologies during this period. It helped a lot for online working, working from home, online education, which is very common even right now in China. And the Teddy medicine and also online meeting like this today. And even online entertainment, actually several Internet companies develop some interesting apps building COVID-19 in China actually. And you can also call OK together. I mean, cloud, call OK, cloud, dancing. So which is very interesting. And we also have the cloud computing. Actually, I think Baidu, Tencent have significantly expanded the cloud computing capacity during the past months because of the increasingly, increasingly, I mean, demand for online something. And I think Internet of Things, maybe Internet of Things are emerging. I think maybe, for example, 10 years later or 20 years later, if we have similar global pandemic issue, I think Internet of Things, I mean, ubiquitous sensors would be able to play more, I think, much more important role. And however, in the COVID-19 period in China, I think it is already helping a lot actually. For example, application of the intelligent sensors in the Kaibin hospital. There are some observed, I mean, application and also contact information for transfer stations, transport relief materials efficiently and smart health care, I think. And the robots, actually, there are a lot of messages, news, media coverage in China about the application of robots in different places, like the hospital, like the delivery issues and the disinfection robots and the intelligent guidance robots. So I think robots really, I think robots really help a lot to some degree. But my concern is maybe currently, some robots are showcased maybe. And the MR, AR applications, they are also emerging in the past months, like the simulation, training, remote display of products and things to support, for example, to support setting the property and to support visit a museum remotely or online. Actually, it is also happening in China on the intelligent construction, like the Huoshenshan, Leshenshan hospitals, like the beam applications in the construction process and the rapid and automated construction process. I think intelligent construction also help a lot. But it is emerging, I think, and also a wider layer application. Our blockchain is working in the background, I think, that they also help like the backtrack rules and data and integrate resources and data efficiency in the process, in the past months. On cybersecurity as well, as well as 3D printing, nanotechnology and new energy. Also working for combating and for the so-called semi-normal or normal operation for cities right now in China. And sharing economy. Yeah, sharing economy is very important, I think, like the food delivery, sharing, sharing, transport, like BB, like mobile also help a lot. You can imagine in Wuhan, I mean earlier in March, so maybe no vehicles, no private vehicles allowed it. But I think BB has also contributed a lot and I think a lot of people were using the sharing bikes on the streets. And that is very interesting and important to support daily life. And we also, I think, we also have summarized the empirical findings from around 300, 3000 cases. So first, the subjects, I mean the proposed subject, who conducted the smart technology application. I think the government is one side. And however, we should not forget the technology called company, like the internet company. I think they are playing a very important place in the process. And the birth location, I think like the Beijing Wuhan, which has a very good capacity for technical development. Yeah, some of them were birthed in Beijing, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Shanghai, etc. And also the service objects. I think some applications, most of the applications are directly for citizens that are very important. And some of them are for companies and some for medical staff and also for government management and operation. And action scale. Some of them are individual scale, community or neighborhood scale. And most of them are for the city level. And country scale as well. And action stage, we can see. Around the two-third applications are for the pandemic prevention and control stage. And some of them, one-third, around the one-third are for the post-pandemic stage in China, I think, like to support the city to go back to normal, to support returning to work. And that's the production process. And so anyway, so today, in my very preliminary study, actually, I think just a material collection and summarized to some degree. I think smart technologies, smart technologies really help a lot, I think. I appreciate, personally, I appreciate smart technologies a lot. Since in this February and March, when I was locked down in my home, I think smart technologies, I have mentioned today, helped a lot, helped me and my household a lot to support my daily life and working, actually. And I was also seeing, and actually in China, there are also extensive discussion on how urban planning and design can contribute to pandemic. So one journal invited me to write a paper, our report. So in the invited paper, I just summarized as a smart technologies application, rather than the urban planning and urban design. That is very interesting. However, I think urban planning and urban design is also very important. However, comparing to technologies, I think technologies may be helping more to us, or to our cities. So finally, so if you have more interested, a more interest, you can also download our open public, I mean, report together with Tencent. I think two months ago, Tencent research institute under my life, together we released the report on future cities from the lands of space. We have the English version and the Chinese version, and more information is available in that report. So actually, I think to summarize, so today I advocate a lot for technologies. I think technologies are not everything. And the technologies are not always doing good to us, to our human being, to our cities, in some cases. But they are ubiquitous and disruptive, and they really help a lot. So how about our urban planning and urban design can do? I think we should welcome, and we should blend our merged technologies in our planning and design. For example, so before we have the spatial interaction and the placemaping to divide the public space or better city. And I think in the future, currently, we have already observed some very interesting cases. Digital innovation should also be blended into our urban planning and urban design process. Actually, we have other research on this way. I need to try on go. So, okay, so thanks for your attention. Hey, thank you so much, Professor Lohin, for your presentation. And now let's enter the Q&A session. We have Boyang Tan asking, how do you evaluate the weaknesses of big data services under China's epidemic control? For example, China uses digital health certificates such as Luma in the prevention, the green QR code in the prevention and control of the epidemic, which everyone can easily obtain through mobile apps. However, there are many news reports about many confirmed patients with health certificates, which mean that the green QR code is not completely credible. Yes, so actually today, my research is at a very macro level, macro level, rather micro level. So in my lab, we actually, we do not have very specific research on evaluating the performance, the accuracy of applying the data technology for pandemics. So I think there are already a lot of discussion on the weakness. I think everything has two facets. So currently from right now, when we observe the situation in China for the pandemic COVID-19, I think they really help a lot like the big data, the green code, the health code, I think. Currently, we do not have the internal cases. I think it works. But however, for the privacy issue, it's the other side. We should consider it carefully. But how to do? We do not have research. So for the question, we do not have very concrete research. I am not able to answer correctly and accurately. Thank you so much. Great. We have another question coming up. So Inglon's talk has many interesting details. For racist one, very fundamental question for architects. There are many nice lectures across town from Columbia at the NY Academy of Medicine. Inglon's talk seems equally appropriate for both locations. How does an architect or urban designer or planner actually integrate Inglon's list of tech into the built environment? Yeah. I appreciate Ben's question very much. I think that is very interesting. So since I have been working on combining technologies with urban planning and design for around 15 years, I think the past 15 years can be divided into two stages. For example, I mean, for the former 10 years, I think we have the computer-aided system. We also have the planning support system. At that stage, technology is technology. We use technology to support urban planning and design, just to support. I mean, what is support? We do not really need it. Maybe it just can speed up so planning and design process to some degree. However, however, right now, technology has been blended into our daily life and our city space. For example, Internet of Things, I mean, UB Quater sensors can be invited into city space. For example, every street furniture can be equipped with a sensor. And technology is really how it will impact our daily life. For example, we have monomode screen time. We have a survey for Tsinghua University students. Our people, our students, our average is spending around seven hours on mobile for screen. So you can imagine our human being is in transition, driven by technologies. So in this way, I think we, technologies and the beauty environment are more and more blended. And our beauty environment has been shifted or changed substantially by technologies. So I think we should not forget technology for beauty environment. I mean, from I have two, two aspects suggestion. First, we should apply technology to understand our beauty environment to help create. Secondly, we should appreciate the impact of technologies on beauty environment. Since our human being and our beauty environment is now a beauty environment 10 years ago. So that is my personal thinking. I mean, methodology, we use technology to create, to help create. And essentially, all in nature, we should regard the cities as new cities, I think. So that is my very preliminary thinking as well. However, my life has been working in this way. We are trying to understand the so-called new cities, shifted, all changed by technologies. That's it. Right, thank you. So we have very little time left for the Q and A session for Professor Longing. Though I think this question will be really meaningful for our discussion panel. So a question from Xiyu is, except for the convenience technology has given us, many elder people or people without smartphones are facing extreme inconvenience during the pandemic. Once the health code are set as the only certificate of public space, how do we make the smart technology to be actually inclusive for everyone, but not exclusive? And I'd like to invite also Professor Qingming Zhang and Minister Qin Rui to answer the question as well. And let's welcome our moderator Wei Pingwu to facilitate our discussion. Thank you, everyone. Yeah, I think that's a wonderful question to start the panel discussion. Maybe Professor Longing you would want to answer that first. Then we can invite the other two colleagues to answer. Yes, thank you Professor Wu. I think technologies are really not inclusive to everyone. And in my report, together with Tencent, I mean with space, we have proposed some questions or concerns on technologies with city space. I think like for example, we have digital divide and technologies may be also leading our cities to more segregated and to not this so-called to the city's more segregated and polarization and even segregated in terms of space and in terms of, for example, income education as well. So I, as a main purpose for that report is to propose concerns about technologies and our built environment to suggest our people, our planner and designer consider that. Currently, we do not have very good answer for that directly. Yeah, that's it. Thank you. Professor Zhang or Wilson? Yes, in terms of technology, there are a variety of technology could be applied in urban and planning area. Actually, I may show you some of these efforts if I just put in this screen share to you. Okay, let me see. So before the outbreak of this academic COVID-19, we have deployed some 28 monitoring device in campus of Wuhan University. And you can see if you click audit location, you will see the monitoring, the temperature, the humidity, lighting and noisy things. And the pressure, PM 2.5, PM2, speed, wind speed and wind directions, CO2 and so on. Right? Let's provide the enriched information about our natural environment and the human environment. The monitoring, even the number of potential pass through this location and number of vehicles that pass through this location in terms of every minute. You can have this very high frequency of the signals. Then you are able to understand the circumstance and what's happening in certain events. So this provides a very real situation. So for planners and designed to consider those are the factors we have to concentrate and look at more carefully at least. But all these equipment are deployed just less than one year. So we still try to consider what could come up most out of these detail monitoring data. Thank you. Just an example. Thank you. Thank you. Yes, Wilson or Mr. Chen, would you like to add to that? Yeah, I would like to just add one point. I fully agree that technology can help our daily life, can help our professions. And I observe that the way we're using technologies right now in our profession, planning and designs, is quite another period that we're using a kind of software to speed up our working process. But it's reshaped, restructure our working procedures and the methods of we work. That's how we use technologies in our profession, I think. But as for the question, I think for each kind of new technology, we need to have a transition period. During this period, we need to offer as much as possible for the alternatives to all groups of people that can use that, will agree use that or disagree with that. Within this period, I call that democracy of the technology. It's not like the, in some situation like the green code. In China, the government says green code or the healthy code is only way to certificate that you are healthy. This is actually kind of ridiculous that we can see a lot of news on WeChat or on the media. Elder people cannot use smartphone at all. So this actually shows within this kind of challenge, massive challenge. We don't have much, we don't have enough preparations to offer the alternatives to people. If we can have the technologies, meanwhile we have alternatives for people, I don't think the question will be a question. Thank you. Actually, this question of inclusion and exclusion also leads to so my next related question to all of you. Nearly all of your presentations touch upon a very critical issue of a new importance. That is the private versus the public. And how our conception is changing today. In the past, how individual, not in the long past, just before the lockdown, whether we wear masks, whether we keep social distance, how much we keep the personal bubble was all individual choice. But that individual choice now has consequences for a large set of people. And so Professor Jen's work in terms of looking accessibility, the lockdown of Wuhan really was for the benefit for the rest of the country. The Wuhan residents bear bore the large responsibility for containing that. So now we know at different scales, individual actions have implications for larger groups and even larger city as a whole. So how do you see that shift maybe affecting how people behave in urban space and how planners and designers are also reacting to different types of behaviors of individuals? I know I was just really shocked to see during the October 1st Vacation Week, Chinese are traveling again, they're all crowded again. I just like I said, how could that happen? In the U.S., we're still completely forbidden, at least in New York City, to do that. So is this new shift in public versus private really reshaping people's behavior in urban space or is it just very temporary as you observe in Chinese cities? I think I'll go first. To my observation, I think it reshapes our everyday life a lot already. I see many people wearing masks as a daily life habit and even to myself, I will always take a bag of like 10 masks just in case. Because during the February and March we're lack of masks, this is kind of a slow impact to our everyday life. I believe this has happened to a lot of people. And as for the October 1st, eight days long holiday in the last week, we see a huge amount of people traveling out. I think this is a natural reaction to the country being locked down for a long period. People being locked down in their gated communities in their home for a really long time. And we actually, this is another point I also want to mention, the online working part is actually more tiresome for us to stay at home work, stay at home work. You don't have time to talk to people, to meet the cafeteria people, to meet your barista. You don't have that time. You just work, sleep, work, sleep. So after that long period, we need time to travel. We need time to chill out. And October seems to be a quiet period. I still personally believe in late November or December, we will have new challenges by COVID-19 or other virus like flu. We will have that coming up with our daily life. So this period is quite a nice time point for people living in the cities to release for a little bit. But still, I totally agree with your comment that it's a long existing situation and it will reshape people's lifestyle a lot and reshape how we understand public space and private space in Chinese cities, at least in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan, these kind of cities with more than 10 million population, this kind of huge city. I may say a few words. Actually, last week's Wuhan, actually, universities in Wuhan have no vocation. All students remain in the campus. We're giving lectures during this week as well because it's just kind of precaution measures because you know cases in China, most of the students stay in dormitory. Some three or eight students stay in one big room. So if one effect it will have a quickly expanded to all the campus. So still university have kept high alert on these carefully monitoring the situation. So we have a first October national holiday and we have on vocation and second day we have the gold class. So the one week holiday have been break in two part or three parts. So people cannot go for a long weekend. So to say. And I have been also interviewed with some of my students in the class during last week. And students say it's acceptable to stay in campus because they have been away from class face to face conversation for eight months or more or less. So they said they love to come and love to stay in the campus. So at least this year they accept it. So this is some cases just happening in Wuhan. On the other hand, if we look at after the first wave of a pandemic if we could improve our measurements because of this effectiveness of the technology of green kill code and so on. And we could focus on smaller region neighborhoods if it is dangerous or less dangerous or free from the virus. So the monetary scale could be smaller and smaller because you can if something happened again in Wuhan I think the government were not going to lock a whole Wuhan. They are going to lock Pacific district or neighborhoods. That economical sounds better. And just like what's happening a small academic in Beijing people just look at those neighborhoods in higher risk and not other people get some freedom to look around and move around. And that's better. It's a kind of compensation between the complete lockdown and complete free to travel. Right. So we have to make a balance between freedom and the life itself. Yeah. So that is what I want to say for the pandemic. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. So actually I am a social scientist. I have been trained with an engineering background. And actually my lab is also with such philosophy or direction for our research. So for social aspect I only have the personal view personal perspective rather I mean academic research. So I think currently in Qinghua campus on Qinghua campus I think our courses are also quite resilient. I mean we name it as the hybrid course. And for example currently the situation is really very good. So we can all have the offline course. I mean in person physically in classrooms and in case the community or other flows or other virus I mean comes back. I mean we can very flexibly adjust the organization for the course. For example the whole offline from the whole offline to whole online or semi I mean half half half online half half online half I mean so called offline. I think anyway I think also I think the resilient situation is also heavily supported by technologists. So that is what I think technology really is very important. However from the social issue we have the I mean the digital divide we have the segregation we have we have the inclusion issue. Yeah we should consider that. However in general I think technologies have a lot of our how we adjust our combating issue for COVID-19 from education from work from other I mean the sexual issue. And I also happen to be staying in wilderness for several days in a national holiday. I really enjoyed a lot for personally I can't I enjoyed the wilderness in remote area in Himalayan area. Yeah yeah I with no screen time with no screen for sorry mobile phone. I really enjoyed enjoyed a lot as a human being. Yeah I I appreciate I appreciate the nature I will appreciate the calm. Yeah so I think a lot of people in China are seeing oh COVID-19 will be coming by in in this November or December. However I do not believe it personally. Yeah I think it will be continuing. I mean the peace the calm in the country. Maybe I am over over I mean in source over over over over over positive for the situation. Yeah that's it. And as a human being we enjoyed the calm. We enjoyed the normal. Yeah that's it. Yeah thank you. We have a comment in the chat box which actually relates to my question for you when pretty much the next final question for you all is what you just your comments just now also point to the the value that we place in human to human interactions and human and nature interactions that are often very much central to urban life right. And you know this comment says go to the park with a mask it's better than stay in the department with a mask right because the air conditioning system is better in the park. And you know in US cities in New York there's a lot of talking New York is being affected a great deal right. Is are we looking at a much lower kinds of density for urban living as we move further and further and deeper into possibilities of similar pandemics. Are we also looking at different kinds of mobility patterns. Will people go back to bikes walks or driving except we're not taking buses on you know subways right in New York you could see that. So I would like to really hear all of you to maybe look let's say we have a crystal ball what are you seeing as the long lasting impact of the pandemic. So may I. Yes please. So actually I think still my personal thinking I mean the so-called lasting impact on the pandemic. I think I think just a message all local story for the online education. So before I think the after-class education for younger students like primary students middle school students are very significant and a lot of in Beijing in high-end especially actually that is the center of the empire. Actually in that way actually before almost all the offline education I mean trainings are offline and currently driven by the pandemic more and more parents are open to online education I mean offline education sorry I mean the online off-class education for younger students and I was told the income the earnings for the online teachers I mean the salary is very high around one million China Yuan at least one one million China Yuan per year I mean currently good skills I mean good teachers are going online rather offline. Maybe in the future in the close future in the remote future they will not ever come back to offline. So I think the pandemic really teach a lot I mean teach us a lot maybe before we people are not comfortable comfortable with online something like online meeting, online education but right now they like them a lot maybe for example if the pandemic all the virus disappear in China maybe we're still online for example I like online very much I do not like travel to the other city for for half a day and go back for the other half a day and just deliver a lecture for 20 minutes I do not like it it is wasting my life wasting my time I think and online is very easy we can have breakfast while I am delivering lecture I like it personally still personally yes thank you yes actually there's a good benefit to that you reduce your carbon footprint as well yes I think in general I think pandemic has taught our human being to better welcoming technologies as soon as the time if we do not have pandemic people will not be so comfortable with online or high-tech something may I? yeah I agree with what Yinglong is saying that's the pandemic may change something with us as we can observe the 2003 the SARS they promote the popularity of this e-commerce right the Taobao and Alibaba and so have been getting popular since SARS now I think this COVID-19 will change at least in online education as Yinglong is saying actually what happened in Wuhan after this pandemic we are free to travel to school and go to other places but still we have some one-third of meetings online right it's easier for us to save time and we even managed to attend two meetings in the whole morning otherwise it's not possible to reach one and you'll forget about others right so and also it's also easier for this international communication like what's happening today so we are in a different time zone but we still have no limits in terms of communication right this year I even had the opportunity to attend the PhD defense of my son he had a PhD title in UCLA in Los Angeles and because of time difference we wake up in early morning in five o'clock and following the defense process and yeah it's a very good experience for us as well otherwise without this online possibility we will miss this defense event which is just an example and I think just Yinglong also said travel between different cities and just give a short lecture a guest lecture and so it's also not time efficient and also no carbon effective so I can see in the near future longer run you can see the online meetings and discussion in online business and so even this communication discussion between colleagues even in the same city could be popular right which is very positive things for our enemies for solving some of the traffic issues and traffic jams and so give a lot of contribution to that and save a lot of energy in reality and we have some more time to go to Oscar for excursion instead of getting crowd to have meetings together thank you thank you I'm not sure if Wilson is still here yeah I'm here I'm here okay do you want to chime in yeah yeah I just want to at one point besides practices with ACOM I also teach a teacher of design at Beijing University of civil engineering and architecture thanks to online teaching I had two studio last semester one is undergrad thesis one is the fourth year urban design studio and I can ACOM's projects and teaching so like what Professor Longying and Professor Zhang just said actually online education is I think it's a great thing for education per se for education itself we will have more choices for the combination of courses of the faculties and going back to your question about density I remember you mentioned density it impacts to density I myself is a believer to density so I think given we have much more flexibilities to teach to work from home or work from elsewhere like cafes or work from in the parks so I think there will be much more variations of density it doesn't have to be higher or lower but in China we will observe I truly believe we will observe more variation of density in urban context we will do a lot of even new type of working like ACOM Beijing now we are proposing at least one day of a week one day or two of a week you can work from home and you will be guaranteed with a perfect network and technology guaranteed that's what I'm hoping to see in China actually thank you all very much I mean this is making me feeling a little bit better we are always we are all doing and connecting online but you know seeing you being so optimistic makes me feel better so again thanks very much I'll hand it off to the students so close for today's session thank you yeah thanks for the discussion it was an insightful session with our guest speakers and I believe it inspires all of us for our future studies or practices to understand public and private and exclusion for inclusion so with that we will end today's forum and tomorrow at 8 p.m. Eastern Standard Time and 8 a.m. China Standard Time we will start day two for the forum yeah we will start day two of the forum in the same meeting room there will be four speakers joining and two topics covered topic technology and smart planning will be joined by Professor Zhiqiang Wu from Hengji University and Mr Ya Ming Xu from World Economic Forum China the topic of resilient and healthy city will be discussed by Mr Dai Zhongliu from World Resource Institute China and Professor Lang Wang from Tongji University again our speech title and detailed schedule has been posted in the chat box for your references thanks again for attending and we look forward to seeing you all here tomorrow you may leave now thank you bye thanks thank you all hope to see you in person at some point