 This is the abdominal portion of the esophagus and we can see the esophageal opening here And we can see the other end of the opening here the stomach. So this is the gastroesophageal junction This is the cardial notch. This is the fundus of the stomach and we can see the fundus is going like this This is the greater curvature of the stomach and this is the lesser curvature of the stomach And if you notice that the most dependent part of the lesser curvature, there's a groove here This is called the angular incision So if you draw an imaginary line from the angular incision to the greater curvature This portion proximal to that is the body of the stomach From the incision line up to this much is the pyloric andrum and then we have this portion here We have split it open. This is the pylorus or the pyloric sphincter And we can see the pyloric sphincter is composed of thick circular smooth muscle and after that We have the diodenum. So these are the parts of the stomach that we can see This is the anterior surface and this is the posterior surface Now, let's take a look at the blood vessels We see these blood vessels on the greater curvature and we can see this artery here This is the right gastropyploid artery Which is one branch of the gastro diodenal artery. The left gastropyploid artery comes from the spleenic artery And for that I'm going to lift up the spleen here So this is the spleenic artery that we can see here and arising from the spleenic artery We can see this branch. This is the left gastropyploid So the left gastropyploid comes from the left side along the greater curvature and the right gastropyploid comes from the Right side along the greater curvature and they give multiple branches to the greater curvature of the stomach These are the gastric branches and they also gave branches to the greater omentum Which has been removed. Those are called the omental branches. This is one main set of branches Now, let's take a look at the next set of branches to the stomach. We can see this artery here This is the right gastric artery which runs from the hepatic artery on the right side Then we have a left gastric artery which again I will show you from the celiac trunk This is the celiac trunk and we can see the celiac trunk is giving this spleenic artery Which I showed you just a little while back This is the remnant of the common hepatic artery and the smallest branch of the celiac trunk is this one here This is the left gastric artery. The left gastric artery runs from the left side The right gastric artery runs from the right side and they are most here in the lesser omentum in the lesser curvature So this is the main blood supply. Now, let's mention a few points about the interior of the stomach Mucosal folds that we can see here. These are called the gastric rugae If you look at the mucosal folds on the greater curvature side on the body of the stomach We see that they are thick and they are a little irregular. They are responsible for absorption And that's the reason why they reach the surface area. If you look at the mucosal folds on the lesser curvature side You can see that they are more parallel and they are more synchronous This portion is referred to as the gastric canal This is for the preferential passage of liquids from the stomach into the diodenum Having mentioned that, let's mention a few points of clinical correlation The pyloric anterum region is a very common site of gastric ulcer Of course, gastric ulcer can occur anywhere in the body of the stomach. This is a very common site This is the fundus of the stomach, which I mentioned earlier This is the plenic stretcher's peer-view to show Fondal gastrointestinal under the left toe on the diaphragm The fundus of the stomach can push through this esophageal hiatus where my instrument has gone in In this diaphragm into the thorax and that is known as the rolling metal hernia Esophagus and the esophageal gastric junction can pull up like this That is known as a sliding hiatus hernia Children, newborn children, they can be born with great hypertrophy of this pyloric sphincter And that is known as congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis And that can produce vomiting in newborns We can feel this pyloric sphincter through the abdomen And that condition is treated by splitting the pyloric sphincter just like we have done here That's the treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Let's now continue on to the diodenum itself Now we are showing the diodenum So let's take a look at the parts of the diodenum here Again, to bring you up to speed, this was the pyloric sphincter So the portion, just after that, the diodenum starts here D1, the superior part of the diodenum Which is at the level of L1 Then we have the descending part of the diodenum Which is from L1 to L3 Then we have the horizontal part of the diodenum Which is at the level of L3 itself And then we have the ascending part of the diodenum Which is from L3 to L2 And this is the diodenum g-general junction So we have seen the four parts of the diodenum We have split open the diodenum to show you the interior If you take a look at the first part of the diodenum We see that the mucosa is smooth here This is appearing to show the first inch of the first part of the diodenum Which is referred to as the diodenal cap or the diodenal ampulla This is the most common site of diodenal ulcer And a posterior diodenal ulcer can perforate posteriorly And the gastro-diodenal artery is running right behind that Where my instrument is showing And it can perforate into the gastro-diodenal artery And can produce bleeding into the diodenum and to the stomach So that is one very important complication of diodenal ulcer The next thing I would like to draw your attention to are the mucosal pattern of the rest of the diodenum We can see that the rest of the diodenum, the mucosal pattern is transverse Inside the sea loop of the diodenum We can see this is the head of the pancreas And this is the oncinate process of the pancreas Which is trapped inside the sea loop Opening of the pancreatic duct is located here This is the region of the hepatopancreatic ampulla And that is the location of the opening of the pancreatic duct We cannot see the minor pancreatic duct here But what we do see here in this cadaver are some diodenal diverticulum This is a diodenal diverticulum A diverticulum is an abnormal dilation of a wall loop of the intestine So we can see this is a diodenal diverticulum Such a big diverticulum can sometimes compress the hepatopancreatic duct And can lead to jaundice In this cadaver we see second diverticulum here And we can see this is the other diverticulum So this cadaver has got two diodenal diverticula One here and on the region of the hepatopancreatic ampulla And one in the region of the DJF flexure Now let me show you the blood vessels which supplies the diodenal We have already mentioned that this is the right gastropiploid We can see this branch coming This is the superior pancreaticodiodinol I will show you the inferior pancreaticodiodinol now This is the superior miscentric artery And we can see this branch coming here This is the inferior pancreaticodiodinol So therefore the superior pancreaticodiodinol comes from the top And inferior pancreaticodiodinol comes from below And they are the most in the sea loop of the diodenum And they supply the diodenum as well as the pancreas Each of these divides into an anterior division and a posterior division In feeder also divides into an anterior division and a posterior division So therefore within the loop they supply the diodenum So these are some of the points which I want to mention to you about the stomach And the diodenum and their respective clinical correlations Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Sanyal please like and subscribe If you have any questions or comments please put them in the comment section below Have a nice day