 If you have just joined us another, not another one, oh, T.J. Khalid, another one. Alright, if you've just joined us, good morning. I hope you woke up well. I hope your weekend was fantastic. And if there's anything you'd like to share with us at Y254, it's where you need to be on Facebook, at Y254 channel on Twitter. Hashtag is why in the morning or man crush Monday, or health, or why politics. It's okay, we're not a congeneration where we like hashtags. My name is Valentine, or at Kalamitva. And this is the first segment of the day, so we're going to talk about health. And we like to break it down so that you can have a comprehensive, you know, grip of what's going on in this health situation. So today, first say hi to my guest. Hi. Hi. How are you? I'm good. You look very dapper, sir. I really like your uniform. Thank you. Please join us. You really enjoy it. It's not too late. No, no, no, no. It was just a high school thing. In high school, I wasn't from Bodin school. No, in high school, it's just enjoying it. It's good. It was preparing for the life to come. That was just a foundation. So there are skills that they acquired that I might have missed. Yeah, sure. But I can, it's never too late for me. Wow. What is your good name, sir? So my name is Fred Majiwa. I'm the head of program at St. John Ambulance. And basically what we do is responding to accidents when they occur with our ambulances. But we also share the skills that we have by training people, whether it's the general public or it's companies or in schools. Because we have a vision to ensure that every household at least have somebody who is trained first aid. Because there are a lot of incidents that happen that lead to death or sometimes worsening of injuries that could have been prevented if there was a first aid around. So that's why we are spreading that gospel according to St. John. I like that. Also, it sounds a bit pricey. You just, as you explained the process in my head, I was just trying to calculate, okay, so I don't have to do anything. Now I have to go apply them, start paying things. No, not really. You know, that's what most people think. But what I've always seen is people come with that thought that this thing is going to be boring just like school, blah, blah, blah, blah. But when they join in the next hour, they ask us, can we extend this to two weeks? Wow. Because we don't apply the traditional lecture method. We apply fun study because we are training adults who really need to enjoy what they are doing but at the same time learning important skills. So at the end of it, most of the people, they come out very happy, very ready to help and they enjoy where they could have taken one week. They even ask us whether we can extend. So it's a one-week process? Yes, it's a one-week process. That's the maximum. So you don't need a uniform for a week or two? No, no, no. You don't need the uniform. But I want the best looking uniform. How do I get where you are from? Yeah, if you want to wear the uniform there are two ways. You can join so that you become a member. That just means that you just go to our center, you register, you take around the divisions that we have. Then you choose the one which you think you fit in well. Then once you fit in, you will be taken through an induction which takes about three to five days so that you are told what we normally do, what will be required of you. Then after that you are taken to a one-week first aid training. Then after one week first aid training, then you can wear the uniform. Because when you wear the uniform before the training, people will be calling you Saint John. But you can't give what Saint John is required to give. That's why the wearing of the uniform comes last. But even after that, you may choose to make this your career by joining a six-month course called Emergency Medical Technician where now you can be a paramedic in the ambulance. So that's when now you start wearing this kind of green uniform. But the other one is black and white. Yeah, black and white really come to Tsumbaya school. I see you brought us goodies. What are we looking at right here? Yeah, this is what we use in the training. We have the child dummy and the adult dummy. So, for instance, for the child, we use it for demonstrating things like cardiopulmonary resuscitation. That is just basically Yes, just trying to do the work of the heart because the work of the heart is just to spread the oxygenated blood to body tissues because all your body tissues need oxygen at all times and your heart always wants that oxygen. And if it stops even for four minutes, you're born. So that's why it's important and that's why we train people on how to do it. It rarely occurs, but when it occurs, this skill is very important. Likewise, we do the same with others. It's only that the maneuvers for doing the adult one is slightly different with the child. Okay, so can we work that way, come in this side? Yeah, so for instance, we start with this dummy for the kid. You can learn maybe one or two skills. One is when a baby chokes. So when a baby chokes... Number one, because I'm already panicking my head. Yes, it's very scary because the eyes are bulging. Hey, now gay and... Hey, what? Yeah, it can be very scary. But if you have the skill, you'll always feel confident. It's just something that you can handle. Teach us the skill. So when it comes to choking, you first of all check them out. If you can see anything, then you use the small thing. Then you remove it. If you can't see, you don't do a blind sweep because you can push the object inside. And you use the small thing, not the other one. The mouth of the baby is too small for the other fingers. If you can't remove it, you turn the baby facing down. Then you hit at the back between the shoulder blades with the heel of your... Yeah, manzee! Okay, wait, wait, wait. Because there's shock in the gallery as well as here in my head. Because babies... Please, sir, you know, it's so sensitive. I don't know if it's painful when it's bleeding. So how do you just start hitting the back? Now, what do you do? Yeah, what you do is when you turn, the area you protect is the neck and head area. That's why I'm trying to hold it like this. So I protect this neck and head area. But this area is where you hit. You just hit hard enough. Okay, hard enough as a mosquito bite? No, you use your palm to hit. But because what you are trying to do is to force air out of the cavity to push the object out. Okay. So you just do one, two, three, four and five. And when you do like that, you make the baby a little bit slanting so that the gravity can help you to remove them. Hey, you have to see, mathematics is physics. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. So if the object doesn't come out, you turn the baby up. Again, you use the two fingers. Then you locate the nipples at the center. You press in five times. So this is called... Okay, so nipples are the same. Yeah. Then you press inside. Inside five times. Five times. Yeah, so this we call chest thrust. And the back one we call back slabs. And I'm seeing you're using those two fingers. What kind of pressure are you applying maybe just generally? Just barely about half an inch to an inch inside, yeah. So you press one, two, three, four, five. Then you check if there's any object that has come out. If there's nothing, then you repeat the cycle. Back blows followed by five chest compressions. Okay. Why do they have to be five? Is there a particular reason? No, five is just adequate enough to remove an object. So if it doesn't remove, you shift to the chest. So you're just trying to spread the pressure both back and front. But each time you check the mouth, if the object has come out. So that's one skill you can learn from here. Okay. The second one is CPR. That's the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If you have a child that is unconscious and not breathing, first you check whether the baby is breathing or not. For those of us who do not have babies that have come out of our homes yet. Yes. How do you know if it's unconscious? You know, a baby can sleep. Yeah, she won't. How can you tell me? You can always hear, feel or see. When you put your ear like this, you will always feel the warmth coming from the nose or the mouth, but mostly from the nose because young babies are pure nose breathers. They breathe through the mouth, through the nose, not the mouth. So when you put like this, you will feel the warmth and you also hear the sound. How can I tell he's asleep? He's passed out. Even if the baby is asleep, those things will still, you will still hear and feel them. Okay. So even when you do your eyes like this, landing, you will also see the chest and stomach area rising and falling. So the child is unconscious. But there's another thing that you can do. Sometimes if you want to wake the baby, you can tap the feet. Yeah. The baby will wake up. Yeah. But checking for breathing is you feel the warmth. You hear the sound or you see the chest rising. For sometimes it's not the chest but the stomach. If you don't see those signs, you need to start CPR very fast. So cardiopulmonary is a station. You just blow through the mouth. The first one you do five times. So you blow. When you blow, you check whether the chest is rising then falling. Then... Okay. Your thing is moving. The doll thing. I can see movement. Yes. So when you blow, you must see whether it's rising or falling. If it's not rising, it means there's a block somewhere on the neck. Okay. Yeah. So you need to work on that. Why do they call it a case of life first? Because it gives life. Okay. Because the air you breathe out carries some percentage of oxygen. Okay. So when you breathe to the baby, then it will supply the oxygen that the baby requires. Then after doing five times, then you... At the center of the chest, you use the two fingers to do chest compressions 30 times. So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, up to 30. Then after that, you come back to giving two rescue breaths followed by 30 chest compressions. It's only the initial one that you do five. The subsequent one, you do two rescue breaths, 30 chest compressions. And you will do it until you get tired and the baby becomes awake again or there's somebody else to help you. Sometimes, not sometimes, always to prevent infection, there's always something called a CPR mask which you use to blow through them out to prevent cross infection. But if it's the mother and the baby, normally you find, they just blow directly because there is very minimal chance of infection. But it's always advisable to use CPR mask. Yeah, but I'm sure at least half of the population does not work around with these things. Yes, sure. They have the real babes. Yeah. So what happens? We just help them. We just help them. Yeah, sure. You know, that's the important part of first aid is that when you learn it, you use it to help other people more and you use it to help yourself. Because you cannot perform CPR. Yeah, and that comes with some satisfaction sometimes because you can see one or two people are working because of one or two things that you do. Yeah. God is here, you are somehow beloved. Okay. So, so far class would have learned that if you're choking, you are supposed to, this is just for an infant, right? Yeah. So, first, then you remove it with the smallest finger. Yes. This one, the pinky. And if you can't see it, you turn the child over, protecting the neck. Supporting the neck, yes, in the head area and then between the shoulder blades. Yeah, five times. Five times. Yeah. So you come back, measure, up a little bit, now that is another five. Okay. And repeat the process until the object is out of. What's important on this skin is that normally the brain requires consistent supply of oxygen all the time. And if it stops for more than four minutes, the cells begin to die and they are irreplaceable. That's why I ask you to bring the edema as a package. Yes, yes. No supply of oxygen. So after six minutes, death is likely soon after. Six minutes. And you know, within those minutes, even the fastest ambulance may not help you. You just have to do it yourself. Okay. That's why if you don't know how to do it, mostly you find, for instance, parents, they panic. Mm-hmm. So they want to rush home in the car. You won't manage. The only thing is to tell the person who is nearby what to do to help the baby with choking. That's a good point because if I see someone choking, my first reaction will not be, calm, let me help you. Yes. Let's get someone and call for help. Maybe I'm hurting you a little bit. The good thing of calling an ambulance is that they may not be sending you an ambulance, but they will give you the instruction over the phone on what to do. Yeah, sure. No, that's how it happens. Okay, it's fine. The next step, what did we learn? We learned how to do the CPR. Well, yes, we learned how to do the CPR. And then CPR is you blow in five times. Five times. As he is doing the case of life. I blow, please. You blow and you blow. Just blow one. Five times. Two. Yeah. And then after you Then you? Place the two at where we went the first time. Yeah. And then you press thirty times. Thirty times. Yeah. Wow. One, two, three, after thirty. Now, if you ask your mother and your father to learn how to do the CPR, yes. Just in case it was interesting. So that's one dummy down. Yeah. We have another one. Yeah. Yeah. This one is is slightly big. Yeah. Do they have names? I feel like calling him Kevo. Uh, we call these ones An. These ones we call them An. The person who invented these dummies. Okay. The name was An. So normally this dummies are called An. And these ones are called baby An's. Wow. After the name of the inventor. At least they dim. I feel some empowerment situation goes. So what are we looking at? Yeah. So for this one normally you cannot, it cannot be up. It's always down. Eh. Because when somebody is not breathing, he will not be standing. That is a good point. Yeah. So they would always be sleeping. That is why they don't have feet. Yeah. Okay. By the way it's only this area going up where you have vital organs. These are the parts of your body. Me others. As vital as these organs which are here. Okay. Let me just take a minute to thank my creator for giving me on my necessary and not so necessary of them. So when you find somebody lying down like this, the first thing you do, you go around and check whether there's anything that might have caused the person to collapse and check for that danger. That is very smart. Yes. Do you find yourself Okay. part of the culturally so where we could have had one, now we have two. Yeah. Then after doing that, if for instance there is something like electrocution, you can remove that danger by switching off the light and removing the socket from the source or even still the same if for instance you are on the road somebody has been hit you must remove the danger by putting those two signs, the warning triangles. So that the other people do not leave the triangle. Yeah. Run over you then you become the next casualty. So that's why after checking the danger and you remove that danger by making the area safe then you can now proceed to do it. So if this was the person that has collapsed it's always good that you come by introducing yourself or talking to the casualty. But am I collapsed? Yeah, by talking you will know whether the person is conscious or not because if he responds you know he's conscious. There is no need of doing CPR. If he's not talking you will go further to assess whether there is breathing or not. So adult you just kneel so we need to confirm what numbers you do like this you check the chest rise and fall but you also hear the sound and you also feel the warmth. If there are no signs of breathing then you go ahead by doing CPR where you give two rescue breaths 30 chest compressions. Why is this one different? This is five rescue breaths. For children and people who have suffered near drowning you start with five because normally they have inadequate oxygen on their body but for others even after collapsing they still have some oxygenated blood on their body. In fact you can even start with the compressions. Yes because you will be pumping the blood that is within the system to go to various body pumping on a chest Yes is circulating blood Yes Yes you see even when you touch your heart the work it's doing is just pumping is pumping so if it fails you do this so that you pump the way the heart could have done because the heart contracts and relaxes so that's what you're doing by doing CPR So you locate the center of the chest and you pose here You see it's even wider You know and some others have Yes and when you do this this is where you need to also conserve the privacy of the of the patient Yes Okay continue with another question just burning Okay so you put your palm here in the center then you use this other hand to support the chest then you ensure your elbows are straight because you will push with your chest with your shoulders and not the elbows so you push 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 up to 30 then you give two rescue breaths here give it in the case of life Whoa come and look guys Whoa that is two and you do 30 again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 up to 30 so you repeat that cycle three times that is 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths if this person do not wake up it's a really emergency and you need to call for assistance or an ambulance but even after confirming that this person is breathing its emergency enough if there is somebody around you can tell them to call for an ambulance because they will come with something called AD that will shock the heart too you are clear yes yeah that one I watch way too many series guys yeah so that is what we use this one for to train people how to do CPR what happens if the victim is female and she is maybe she has a large bosom yeah so we start asking for permission or we will just start helping the the person is unconscious and your intention is to help the person yeah but is there a situation where they can come back they can come too from their unconsciousness and then start blaming fingers why did you do this yeah that happens how do you handle that so what what you need to do is that when you are helping the person if the person can react is when you can seek that person's response still it's important to seek consent of the patient yeah so for instance when you come you just say hello can I help you even if the person does not respond you just go ahead and introduce yourself you say my name is Fred from St. John ambulance I want to help you because I see that you are not breathing now I am checking I am feeling the breath from your mouth you can narrate what you are doing yeah now I want to give chest compressions to ensure that I pump some oxygen to your body tissues you try to narrate by the way when somebody is unconscious it doesn't mean they are not hearing actually yes yeah they may be hearing only that they cannot respond okay yeah okay that's why you do it but also you do it so that you ensure that whatever you are doing because there are instances you even check the pockets to see whether there are clues whether this person is taking some medication so it doesn't give a false impression that you are stealing things from the pocket and even after removing you say I have placed them on your right where even other people can can see I have one final question when it comes to this dummy before we open up the first aid kit there are cases yeah people who live with epilepsy yes and understand it's not a very easy situation yes sure and it's basically it takes a village to raise a child yes but I think some need two villages yes I don't have a family member or rather I don't I've never seen any of my family members having an epilepsy episode but when I was in high school I had because I was in an all-boarding all girls boarding school who had the condition yes and the first time I witnessed I almost fainted me with myself she's she's having a situation I am so afraid I'm almost about to have a situation also so is it something you guys teach do you tell us yes when it comes to epilepsy the first big problem is the perception people think that when somebody is epileptic it's witchcraft yeah but epilepsy just means there is a problem with the electrical activity of the brain witch sometimes make the body behave the way the body is behaving there's those conversions that happens so when it happens normally it's something that happens within a duration of about 5 minutes then it's over so the only first aid that you need to do to that person is to ensure that when they are falling you support them with a soft landing and what if you find them on the ground if you find them on the ground what you do is you remove any danger from around them if there may be some sharp object you just remove those sharp objects but you leave the person you don't hold they you're not supposed to tilt them to a certain no no no after the person has finished the person is where you put somebody slanting to one side like this but it's best to demonstrate by another person but if we use this dam I feel like calling a person yeah but ok proceed it's ok you just put the person slanting on the left side and then they will sleep on one of them and then you just are there so should they be crossing like this or like this yeah for you to be able to lift them you just lift the knee a little bit for instance if you want them to sleep on this side you lift the other side the knee and then you use the knee to turn it's very easy even if the person is safe so once they roll it won't choke yes it will go back so that's why it's called recovery position it doesn't allow body fluids to go back into the mouth they will just come out but for epilepsy once you do that you need to chase people away because when they will be waking up they will feel ashamed oh it's not even their fault yeah sometimes they will feel ashamed because for instance you are lying down you know lying down is a position of weakness and it's what she went falling like an angel maybe there was legs everywhere when you wake up you find everybody is staring at you it's not nice for them so you ensure you chase everybody around so that when the person wakes up he feels okay to wake up and continue because it doesn't stop and for somebody if it's a first time you need to take them to hospital there are some medications that they normally get okay but if it's a subsequent conversing moment then they already they already know what happens with that situation they know how to pick up themselves and continue in life but there are a lot of myths in this kind of I think something that they should incorporate in the new teaching system yes by the way in the syllabus for basic education we've included first aid yeah so it's not a select few who will be disturbing our hearts no no no we want everybody to know I want us to open up the goodie bag yeah so first aid kit this is for instance this one is a universal one you can use it it's so fancy yeah in the car at home you can use this bag okay maybe I'm red am I white box is that difference yes there's a difference in the content uh huh it depends with what you want to do with it so if you're using it at home you know the common injuries at home and the first aid items you need inside it's different for instance with somebody who is involved in sports and most of the injuries are sprains structures and the likes so the content slightly varies but this one is universal so it covers all of them yeah so if I open inside feel like we're opening up present yay if I open inside there are quite a number of items here yeah so for instance this one is called a triangle bandage that the one above the heart level to reduce the pain because you reduce the flow of blood when you raise it above the heart level so you use this to make a sling I'm sure you must have seen people with some slings on there I hope we get enough time for you to show us but let's just continue yeah then there's also a trauma here this one you don't use to cut the body but to cut the clothing okay it looks like a weapon for clothes yeah for instance when somebody is burned the cloth is sticking you cut around okay but you leave the cloth sticking it will be removed the hospital this is called saline water saline water water if somebody has suffered some injury on the eyes there is an object on the eye and you cannot get water to flash you use this one as an alternative water but if you have water running for instance in a tap you use that one if you spare this one okay then we have ice packs this is for people who get injured in the field so if somebody you it's not cold but for it to be cold you have to burst this this pebos inside and it automatically turn cold but there are different types of ice packs there are those which you put inside a refrigerator but there are those which you just for instance here the instruction is written what is the name of me at instruction it says 3 minutes so once they burst this thing becomes they burst inside not outside it becomes cold so you apply cold treatment for instance if an arm is heat as we no no no then we have a creep bandage this is for applying compression if somebody is for instance injured on the ankle you tie it round and round and round and round then we have there is a station mask the one we were saying that you use for CPR this is how it looks like when you blow on one side air doesn't go through but on the other side air goes through so for instance air doesn't go if you do like this so if you are blowing in air there is no cross infection from the patient so you can easily do CPR with this one with this one then other items this one everybody I believe knows is a plaster adhesive plaster so for small injuries after cleaning with the detergent you just cover it with it to prevent infection we also have quite a number of wipes these are called alcohol pads they are alcohol pads not for drinking for treating I am sure someone got excited let's get to alcohol pads guys no no no wet wipes yes so yeah it's more or less close to wet wipes so if somebody is injured it's already having the disinfectant so you just wipe around and then you apply the covering whether it's a bandage or it's a plaster when moving if you get shot someone goes quickly gets vodka then pours to disinfect yes by the way when you get shot there are a lot of maneuvers that you can do for instance you can there is an important thing here which I won't go without saying so for instance when your chest is injured there is something called occlusive dressing but I can't find it here but it's very important but there is always a modification so for the occlusive dressing it's it sticks on the three sides so if somebody if somebody is shot here you apply it so that the person can breathe the air out but when he's breathing in it locks so there is no external air but it says because it's very sucking injury so it prevents the external air getting into the cavity only the air that you breathe so when you breathe out it opens when you breathe in it closes like that then what you not missing any first aid kit is gloves because anything you're handling and a patient with body fluids like blood you must put them on to prevent gross infection but if you happen to be affected by the patient's blood or anything you need to go to hospital immediately so that you can be given a pep a jab to prevent HIV infection which might happen but that must be done within 72 hours but you need to use gloves to prevent that from happening ok thank you so very much for coming sir yeah sure our last week on Monday we were debating which one is better give so to speak rather and it was between traditional medicine and modern medicine but monopasani modern medicine is there a close second to a first aid kit in traditional everything here has a local modification so do you want to use it because for instance if you don't have this CPR you can always use any kind of polythene and just make a hole if you don't have a bandage you can always just have a clean cloth and use it if you don't have an occlusive dressing you can just use a polythene you can modify yeah if you don't have the shears tumor shears you can use anything to cut around but what is not in this kit that will never be in this kit is any kind of medication yes okay because medication is not passed off first aid it can cause more harm than good than good yeah we need to have a patch two of this it's very interesting and intriguing thank you again can we find your social media by any chance yes we are available at St. John Kenya whether it's Facebook or Twitter or Instagram it's the same at St. John Kenya okay I'm just going to borrow this gentleman for a minute guys let's find our friend he's from St. John Ambulance and he's fairly quiet he doesn't say much but we think together and we we insist we don't even think we insist that you stay with us online in the morning we have youth and politics coming up and then after that man crush Monday so you don't